매슬로우의 욕구단계이론에 의거한 노인요양시설 치유환경요소의 위계에 관한 연구

정미렴(Chung, Miryum) 한국실내디자인학회 2012 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

Healing Environment is to cure the user as a whole by considering his social, psychological aspect, beyond the functional aspect of treatment. Various design elements of healing space have been developed so far, but they were mostly described with same rank. Even though every element is significant, facilities such as nursing homes tends to run with low budget, and they can’t fulfill them all at the same time. It is important to find the sequence between design elements. The purpose of this study is to reorganize the design principles of healing environment by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love/Affilitation needs, Self-Esteem needs and Self-Actualization needs), and analyze elderly nursing homes and examine the framework itself by application. Research method was consist of literature review on healing space design elements and hierarchy of needs, reconstruction of design elements with hierarchy, and application on 5 Korean nursing home cases. As the result, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and design elements were linked with good balance. Analysis of 5 nursing homes revealed that lower needs were short of environmental support compared to higher needs. Especially design element related to Physiological needs should be improved. Also, new framework had strength in not only providing gasps on current situation in detail, but also suggesting elements for improvement with hierarchy and sequence. Through this research healing environment design elements and human needs were linked. Nursing home is the last environment for the elderly, which should help to heal their body and mind and also support them to accomplish self-actualization.

욕구위계에 입각한 첨단 기술 기반 메타버스 운용 패러다임 연구: 영화 「Surrogates」를 중심으로

박은지 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.1

욕구위계에 입각한 첨단 기술 기반 메타버스 운용 패러다임 연구:영화 「Surrogates」를 중심으로박 은 지* 요약: 인간의 욕구위계는 문명의 진보와 더불어 첨단 기술의 발전을 주도해온 강력한 동인으로, 개개인에게 국한되었던 관심과 초점을 점차 타인, 사회, 전 지구로 확장하며 인류의 발전을 견인해 왔다. 새로운 문명이자 디지털 지구로 급부상한 메타버스 역시 인간의 욕구 충족과 깊은 연관성을 지니며 발전해온 바, 본 연구는 미래 시점의 고도화된 메타버스를 묘사한 영화 「써로게이트」를 주 텍스트로 선정하여 메타버스와 욕구위계 간 상관관계를 분석하였다. 더 나아가 근거이론을 통해 욕구위계 관점에 입각한 ‘첨단 기술 기반 메타버스 운용’ 패러다임 모형을 도출함으로써, 인류와 하이테크 간 선순환적 관계성 및 공유 생태계 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 즉 자기초월성을 필두로 한 성장 욕구는 인간에게 이미 내재화된 귀중한 자산으로, 결핍 욕구 충족에 치중한 기술만능주의의 폐해에서 인류를 돌이킬 수 있도록 하는 자정 능력으로 역할 가능하다. 이러한 확신이 다시금 기술의 존재 의미와 맞닿아질 때, 인간은 비로소 전 인류에게 유익이 되는 메타버스의 운용 및 이를 통한 기술과의 공생이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 핵심어: 욕구 위계, 첨단 기술, 메타버스 운용, 자기초월성, 「써로게이트」 □ 접수일: 2022년 1월 25일, 수정일: 2022년 2월 10일, 게재확정일: 2022년 2월 20일* 메타버스 기업 K-BIZ 최고인문학책임자(CHO_Chief Humanities Officer, Metaverse Company K-BIZ, Email: eunjiarte@gmail.com) A High Tech Based Metaverse Operation Paradigm Study Basedon the Hierarchy of Needs: Focusing on the Movie SurrogatesEunji Park Abstract: The hierarchy of human needs is a powerful driver that has led the development of advanced technology along with the progress of civilization by gradually expanding the interests and focus limited to individuals to others, society, and the whole world. Since the metaverse, which has rapidly emerged as a new civilization and digital earth, has also developed in deep connection with the satisfaction of human needs, this study analyzed the correlation between the metaverse and the hierarchy of needs by selecting the movie Sorrugates, which depicts the advanced metaverse of the future, as the main text. Furthermore, the virtuous cycle relationship between mankind and high-tech and the shared ecosystem mechanism were investigated by deriving a paradigm model of ‘high-tech-based metaverse operation’ based on the hierarchy of needs through grounded theory. In other words, the need for growth, driven by self- transcendence, is already a valuable asset inherent in humans, and can serve as a self-cleaning ability that enables mankind to recover from the harm of techno-omnipotence focused on satisfying deficiency needs. When this conviction comes into contact with the meaning of the existence of technology again, it is expected that humans will be able to operate the metaverse, which is beneficial to all mankind, and to coexist with technology through this. Key Words: Hierarchy of Needs, High Tech, Metaverse Operation, Self-transcendence, Surrogates

초기경전에 나타난 욕구의 단계적 발전 - 매슬로의 욕구 단계 이론과 비교를 중심으로 -

장성우 보조사상연구원 2022 보조사상 Vol.62 No.-

Maslow’s theory of needs hierarchy(TNH) which is still utilized in modern social fields has important meaning in the sense that TNH demonstrates human beings have not only physiological needs such as sex drive but also lofty needs such as social ethics (loyalty, friendship, citizenship) and esteem needs, self actualization needs. But the reasoning when low needs are satisfied high needs are revealed then naturally could work as psychological grounds generating economic polarization and climate crisis. It is nearly impossible that human being low needs are fully satisfied, and rather during the process of satisfying low needs social bad effects could be generated. Meanwhile Buddhism does not deny human being’s needs and consider needs as target of recognizing and controlling in the middle way. Ultimately Buddhism pursue the realm of selflessness overcoming self-concept and the realm of Nirvana transcending all needs. In other words, Buddhism consider human is able to regulate and advance needs properly one’s own free will, so that Buddhism presents dana, precepts, four immeasurable minds, Satipatthana etc as concrete way of practice overcoming low and high needs in the process of Nirvana. Early Buddhism TNH could be utilized as psychological grounds as overcoming economic polarization and climate crisis of modern world, because modern world problems has been originated from excessive greed of human. Even though Buddhism does not present systematically various needs of human, but provide concrete and realizable methods of regulating and advancing excessive greed of human. This essay suggests physiological needs, social needs, more learning, no-more learning as the stages of human needs hierarchy in Buddhist literature.

매슬로의 욕구단계이론에 의한 브랜드 아파트 공간특성 연구

박선영,김개천 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.4

In the late 90s, after introduction of brand in local apartment, the construction companies’ differentiated characteristics had satisfied the occupants’ needs. Therefore, this study aims to suggest a baseline data for development of housing design responding to inherent needs of the occupants by considering the characteristics. To do this, brand images and multisensory elements were analyzed based on Maslow’s needs of hierarchy theory and the results were as follows. The spatial characteristics as per physiological need were indicated in 4-bay-structure and balcony-open-type with diverse shape to maximize natural lightings and ventilation. The spatial characteristics for safety needs were comprised in the introduction of high-tech such as unmanned security system. In addition, these could be shown as not only the basic storage room in the entrance, kitchen and bedroom but also specialized storage room such as a build-in closet as per stages of the life cycle and specified storage space in laundry room. Likewise, we could find out that the spatial characteristics for belonging needs which were appeared to advent of bilateral opening structure and facing worktable as well as central placement of community space in case of kitchen considered communication and harmony of the occupants. The spatial characteristics for esteem needs were expressed in the message of each brand’s value and in high-tech functions such as remote control. Finally, spatial characteristics for self-actualization needs were comprised in various optional elements such as flexible wall, light fixtures and the color of bathroom. And it enabled the occupants to display individual space by their selection. Consequently, each brand’s space characteristics were differentiated as per which needs they specified, however, the characteristics were not limited in only pursuit of specific some needs in the independent hierarchy as Maslow’s theory but shown as the reflection of complex needs. 1990년대 후반, 국내 아파트에 브랜드가 도입된 이후 각 건설업체들의 차별화된 특성들은 소비자의 욕구를 만족시켜왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 그 특성들을 살핌으로써 사용자의 내재된 욕구에 대응한 주거디자인 개발의 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 브랜드이미지와 함께 공감각적 요소들을 매슬로의 욕구단계이론을 바탕으로 분석하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 생리적 욕구에 따른 공간 특성은 채광과 통풍을 극대화 하기위한 bay수의 증가와 다양한 발코니 개방 형태로 나타났다. 안전욕구에 따른 공간의 특성은 무인경비, 출동경비 시스템 등 첨단기술의 도입, 현관·주방·침실의 기본적 수납 외의 생애주기별 붙박이장과 세탁실 수납특화 등 전문화된 수납형태 등으로 나타났다. 사회적 욕구에 따른 공간특성은 LDK구성으로 주방의 2면 개방과 대면형 작업대의 등장, 공동공간의 중심배치로 거주자들의 소통과 조화를 고려하였음을 알 수 있다. 자아존중 욕구에 따른 공간특성은 브랜드가 추구하는 가치 메시지와 원격조정·홈오토메이션 등의 첨단기능 요소들로 나타났다. 마지막 자아실현의 욕구에 따른 공간특성은 가변형 벽체선택과 조명기구, 욕실의 컬러선택 등 다양한 요소로 나타나며 이는 거주자의 선택이 개성 있는 공간을 연출할 수 있게 한다. 각 브랜드의 공간 특성은 어떠한 욕구를 더욱 특화시켰는지에 따라 차별화되었으나 매슬로가 제시하는 것처럼 욕구가 독자적인 위계로 존재하여 특정 몇 가지의 욕구추구에 한정되는 것이 아니라 복합적인 욕구의 반영이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다.

The Research on Effect Factor to Consumer Behavior of Chinese Post-90s Generation Customer

장영 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2016 기업경영리뷰 Vol.7 No.1

The post-90s customer group is not only the actual consumer, but also the potential consumer to many industries. It is a target customer group deserve the primary research to the industries. This essay make the research on the effects to the post-90s customer group’s consumer behavior from the individual needs and external factors based on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. After built the theoretical model on basis of previous research and verified with positive analysis, the essay comes to following conclusions. Firstly, the consumer behaviors of post-90s consumer group mainly focused on satisfy the physiological needs with practical type of consumption. Secondly, the physiological need of individual needs have negative effect on diversity-seeking type and conformity type of consumption. The safety need of individual needs have positive effect on comparison type of consumption. The love and belonging needs of individual needs have positive effect on early adopt type, diversity-seeking type and comparison type of consumption. The esteem need of individual needs have positive effect on diversity-seeking type of consumption and negative effect on pragmatic type of consumption. The self-actualization need of individual needs have positive effect on conformity type of consumption. Thirdly, the advertisement factor of external factors have positive effect on conformity type and pragmatic type of consumption. The family factor of external factors have positive effect on diversity-seeking type and comparison type of consumption. The reference group factor of external factors have positive effect on pragmatic type of consumption, To the industries, the information of products destined for post-90s customer group should released and advertised through internet; and should using the internet to do the advertisements and word of mouth marketing to the companies and products through the internet.

매슬로의 인간 동기론을 통한 주거공간 변화 연구

이윤서(Lee, Yoonseo),유아람(You, Aram),김광현(Kim, Kwang-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.11

The purpose of this study is to draw residential space elements based on hierarchy of needs from Maslow"s motivation theory, and to analyze residential space changes of Korean public apartment. This research selected 25 public apartment housings by data(Plan, Area and Price) availability and PIR value(3~6). PIR value is used to select similar level of housings. This research used literature review to draw residential space elements and used descriptive analysis to analyze residential space changes. Residential space elements based on hierarchy of needs are as follows. At least 1 room, form of kitchen and relationship between kitchen & bath room are related with physiological needs. Second, structural safety, heating system, material and fire extinguishing facilities are related with needs of safety. Third, proportion & independency of living room, relationship between kitchen & living room and total area of house are related with needs of belongings. Fourth, number of rooms & bays, hierarchy of main room and openness of rooms are related with needs of self-esteem. Fifth, connectivity of private space with other spaces is related with needs of self-actualization. The results of analysis of residential space changes can be summarized as follows. First, Until "60s, needs of safety came before physiological needs in residential space. Second, rain-proof roof for needs of safety was introduced in 1955. Third, role of living room was uncertain in the early stage of introducing apartment in Korea. After then, proportion of living room increased till "90s, and decreased after "90s. Fourth, room to living room ratio steadily increased till "90s. Fifth, individual storage and balcony for self-actualization were planned only "50s.

저출산 원인에 대한 양적 및 질적 연구: 생존욕구와 자아실현욕구 측면에서의 비교

이승연 한국콘텐츠산업학회 2024 콘텐츠와 산업 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 저출산 문제로 국가적 위기라고 불리우는 현 시점에서 대학생들이 미래의 출산 계획을 어떻게 잡고 있는지 살펴보고 그 이유를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 합계출산율에 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있는 인구밀도, 도시화율, 인간개발지수, 인터넷 이용률, 소비자 물가지수의 영향력을 107개국 자료를 이용하여 살펴보았는데, 생존욕구와 관련된 인구밀도과 도시화율보다 자아실현욕구와 관련된 인간개발지수가 합계출산율에 더 강한 부정적 영향력을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 인구밀도와 도시화율을 변수를 사용하는 생태진화적 접근만으로는 저출산의 근본적 원인을 규명하는 데 한계가 있음을 직시할 수 있는 결과이다. 왜 출산에 대해 부정적인지 심층인터뷰를 통해 어떠한 욕구가 출산계획을 저해하는지 추가적으로 살펴보았다. 저출산은 기혼자들이 현실적인 문제에 부딪혀 생긴 단기적인 문제가 아니라 취업부터 노후에 이르기까지의 생애주기상에 내리게 되는 결정이라는 점에서 출산에 대한 장기적 태도를 살펴보기 위해 아직 혼인 시기까지는 시간이 많이 남아 있는 대학생들을 대상으로 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 예상 자녀수는 남성이 1.65명, 여성이 .86명으로 나타났는데, 만일 경제적 여건과 자녀양육의 사회적 인프라가 충족되고 성평등의식이 확립되면 몇 명의 자녀를 예상하느냐는 질문에 대해서는 남성 2.48명, 여성 1.61명으로 나타났다. 평균적으로는 상승한 것으로 보이나, 응답자의 절반에 이르는 학생들은 자녀수를 증가시키지 않겠다고 응답하였다. 이러한 결과는 매슬로우가 주장하는 욕구단계설에서 생존욕구에 해당하는 생리적 욕구와 안전 욕구가 충족되더라도 출산에 대한 결정이 변하지 않는 계층이 상당부분 존재함을 유추할 수 있다. 인터뷰에서 이들은 자아실현 욕구가 강한 것으로 나타나, 출산기피 결정을 하는 이유가 생존욕구때문인지 자아실현욕구때문인지 구분할 필요성을 제시하는 부분이라 할 수 있다. 정부에서 저출산 관련 정책을 세울 때, 청년층에 대해 욕구를 세분화하여 각 집단별 정책이 제시될 필요가 있음을 제안하고자 한다. In the current national crisis of a low birthrate, this study investigates how university students plan for childbirth and aims to estimate the reasons behind their plans. Analyzing data from 107 countries, it found that the Human Development Index (HDI), related to self-actualization needs, has a stronger negative impact on the total fertility rate than population density and urbanization rate, which are associated with survival needs. In-depth interviews were conducted to further explore the desires hindering childbirth plans. Low birthrates are seen as long-term decisions throughout the life cycle, not just short-term issues arising from practical problems faced by married couples. Interviews with university students, who still have time before marriage, revealed that, on average, males expected 1.65 children, and females expected .86 children. When economic conditions, social infrastructure for childcare, and gender equality awareness were fulfilled, these numbers increased to 2.48 for males and 1.61 for females. Despite this overall increase, half of the respondents stated they would not increase the number of children. These results suggest that, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a significant portion of individuals may not change their decision on childbirth even when physiological and safety needs are met. The interviews indicated strong self-actualization needs among these individuals, raising the question of whether the decision to avoid childbirth is driven by survival needs or self-actualization needs. In formulating government policies related to low birthrates, it is proposed to differentiate desires among the younger population and present policies tailored to each group.

<홍길동전>의 층위적 공간과 욕구 단계의 상관성 고찰

신효경 한국언어문학회 2019 한국언어문학 Vol.108 No.-

The paper has examined the hierarchical aspects and phased features of family, society and foreign space which become the spatial background of the <Tale of Hong Gildong> based on the theory of needs hierarchy by Maslow, the psychologist in the USA. Space is an element implying the inside details of the event and character, and the <Tale of Hong Gildong> is noted for its special significance in each space. In particular, the spatial change following the movement of Hong Gildong represents the process of Maslow's self-realization. The space in the <Tale of Hong Gildong> is hierarchical. The space shown in the <Tale of Hong Gildong> is significant as a space that implies social issues. First of all, family space institutes the conflict from polygamy (one husband with one wife and several concubines) and issues in discrimination between sons. Social space is a place where the corrective action was carried out for the negative feature of the privileged class squeezing people's blood out of them. Lastly, foreign space is an ideal place where there is no social discrimination and poverty and where the fundamental duty of a human being is realized. The hierarchical space in the <Tale of Hong Gildong> is closely related with the needs hierarchy. Maslow insisted that most creative people achieved what others did not realize, and the highest level of self-actualization needs realized the creative power of a human being. Family space of the <Tale of Hong Gildong> is a place for personal growth as Maslow's first and second needs, which are physiological and safety issues, have been satisfied to some extent. Social space is where Hong Gildong's third and fourth needs of Maslow, which are affiliation and will of respect, are resolved by participating in the society. Foreign space completes Maslow's fifth phase of self-realization as Hong Gildong constructed Yul-do, the ideal country, to solve mounting issues within the country. The space and desire in the <Tale of Hong Gildong> is epically remarkable. The <Tale of Hong Gildong> is regarded to have appropriately collected social issues in the Joseon Dynasty period. The phased space has been placed behind it, highlighting the literary imagery. Family space dealing with the main character's hardship and growth in the first part of the epic, social space where the main character achieved activities and performance in the middle of the epic, and foreign space that realized his ideal in the finale played parts in materializing this work. Thus, the spatial background contributes to the structure of this work. This also means that Maslow's five-phase needs have been sequentially realized.

시민의 안전행동 동인으로서 안전욕구에 대한 탐색적 연구 - Maslow의 욕구이론을 토대로 -

Jae Ho Seo 위기관리 이론과 실천 2015 Crisisonomy Vol.11 No.6

국가와 함께 재난과 사고발생의 책임은 ‘개인’에게도 있으며 이를 예방할 수 있는 가장 일선에 있는 관리자 또한 개인이기 때문에 개인의 안전 확보를 위한 안전지식의 습득과 안전행동은 매우 중요하다. 전통적인 동기이론에 따를 때 안전욕구가 안전행동의 동기와 관련된다. 사회의 안전도를 제고하기 위해서는 안전동기에 영향을 미치는 안전욕구에 대한 연구가 필수적이라는 배경 위에 이 논문은 Maslow의 욕구 5단계를 토대로 부산시민을 대상으로 시민인식조사를 실시하였고 우리사회 시민의 안전욕구에 대한 탐색적 연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과 부산시민의 안전욕구에 대한 중요도 인식 수준은 생리적 욕구 다음으로 중요한 것으로 나타났으며, 일상생활에서 안전욕구의 반영은 사회적욕구 다음으로 중요하게 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 안전욕구의 반영에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하기 위해 본 연구에서는 사회경제적 요인과 타 욕구요인, 문화와 환경적 요인으로 구분하여 회귀분석을 실시하였는데, 사회경제적 요인에서는 학력, 수입, 가족의 규모가 정의 관계를, 욕구에서는 생리적 욕구와 사회적 욕구가, 문화 및 환경요인에서는 환경개선 필요성이 정의 관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 기초연구를 토대로 향후 연구의 방향을 제시하였다. The first responsibility of disaster prevention is citizens themselves, so citizens’ personal knowledge and behavior as to risk and safety is very important in disaster management. Because motivation theory says that safety needs is strongly related safe behavior, to promote safety in a society as a whole a study on the safety needs and safety behavior is inevitable. Based on this theoretical background this study surveyed citizens who living in Busan metropolitan city and measured the important basic needs using Maslow’s hierarchy of 5 needs. The result showed that physiological needs was the most important needs among 5 basic needs and safety needs was the second important. People living in Busan considered belonging needs the most when they decide daily life. To find out the influencing factor of the safety needs this study built 3 regression model questingly. The result showed education, income, family size influenced on the citizen’s safety needs. Based on this result this study proposed several further research topics.

한국 시니어 소비자의 욕구 특성 분석 : 매슬로우의 욕구위계 이론을 중심으로

안가영(Gayoung Ahn),한은경(Eun-Kyoung Han) 한국노년학회 2020 한국노년학 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 한국 시니어 소비자들의 욕구와 그 특성을 파악하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 매슬로우의 7단계 욕구위계 이론의 각 욕구 요인들을 한국 실정에 맞게 재정립하여 적용하였다. 새롭게 정립한 시니어 소비자의 욕구 요인과 측정 문항의 신뢰성 및 타당성을 입증하여 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 욕구의 차이와 관계성을 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 분석을 위해 한국에 거주하는 액티브시니어 세대로 불리는 장년층과 시니어 세대에 해당하는 440명(만 50세~75세)의 성인을 대상으로 7단계의 욕구 요인과 인구통계학적 특성에 대한 온라인 설문조사를 하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 한국 시니어 소비자들의 7단계 욕구가 매슬로우의 단계와는 다른 순서로 도출되었다. 특히, 소속감 및 사랑, 자아존중감 욕구의 순위가 달라졌으며, 인지적 욕구와 심미적 욕구가 자아실현 욕구 단계보다 상위에 위치한다는 것이 확인되었다. 둘째, 시니어 소비자들의 인지적 욕구와 심미적 욕구는 성별, 연령대에 따른 차이를 보였으며 생리적, 자아존중감, 인지적, 심미적, 자아실현 욕구는 시니어 소비자들의 월평균 수입에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 자아실현 욕구는 최종학력에 따른 차이를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구는 급변하는 인구의 고령화와 베이비부머 세대의 본격적인 은퇴 등으로 부각된 한국 시니어 소비자들의 욕구 특성을 밝혔다. 그와 더불어, 한국 시니어 소비자들의 독특한 욕구는 매슬로우의 위계와는 다른 위계 순서를 갖는다는 점을 밝혀냈다는 것에 의의를 둘 수 있다. 그 외의 다양한 이론적 함의와 실무적 함의도 제시되었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and characteristics of Korean senior consumers. To this end, the factors of Maslow s seven-levels of needs hierarchy were re-established and applied to suit the actual situation in Korea. For analysis, an online survey was conducted on 440 adults (50-75 years old), who are considered active seniors living in Korea, on the factors of 7-levels of needs and demographic characteristics. The study found that the 7-levels needs of Korean senior consumers were derived in a different order from Maslow s. Other diverse theoretical and practical implications were also presented.