초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 감태로부터 Fucoxanthin 농축

이보미(Bo-Mi Lee),김철진(Chul-Jin Kim),김종태(Chong-Tai Kim),서정주(Jung-Ju Seo),김인환(In-Hwan Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.10

초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 감태 내 지용성 색소인 fucoxanthin을 추출 및 농축하기 위하여 식물성 유래 지방산인 중쇄지방산이 선택되었다. 중쇄지방산을 이용하여 감태로부터 추출된 fucoxanthin 추출물로부터 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 중쇄지방산만을 효과적으로 추출, 분리함으로써 잔존물 내에 효과적으로 fucoxanthin을 농축할 수 있었다. Fucoxanthin 농축에 높은 효율을 나타낸 세 가지 압력 및 온도 조건들로는 9.7 ㎫에서 40℃, 11.0 ㎫에서 45℃, 12.4 ㎫에서 50℃로 나타났다. 이 세 가지 온도 및 압력조건에서의 이산화탄소의 밀도는 거의 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 fucoxanthin의 농축에는 이산화탄소의 밀도가 매우 중요한 인자인 것으로 확인되었다. Fucoxanthin has been concentrated efficiently using supercritical carbon dioxide. First, fucoxanthin was extracted from Ecklonia cava using solvents. Three solvents, such as medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), medium chain fatty acid ethyl ester, and fatty acid from coconut oil were tested, and MCFA was selected as a suitable solvent to extract fucoxanthin from Ecklonia cava. The concentration was conducted at various pressures and temperatures. In order to concentrate fucoxanthin from extracts, MCFA was eliminated from the extract using supercritical carbon dioxide, and fucoxanthin was concentrated successfully in residue. Optimal conditions for concentrating the fucoxanthin from fucoxanthin extract were 40℃ at 9.7 ㎫, 45℃ at 11.0 ㎫, and 50℃ at 12.4 ㎫, respectively. The density of carbon dioxide affected the concentration of fucoxanthin from fucoxanthin extract. In this optimal conditions, the density for concentrating the fucoxanthin was 600 g/L.

Fucoxanthin as a Major Carotenoid in Isochrysis aff. galbana: Characterization of Extraction for Commercial Application

Sang Min Kim,Suk-Woo Kang,권오남,Donghwa Chung,판철호 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4

Fucoxanthin, a main marine carotenoid, in five species of fucoxanthin-containing microalgae, was quantified by highperformance liquid chromatography. Among the studied species,Isochrysis aff. galbana contained the highest amount of fucoxanthin (18.23 mg/g dried sample). This microalga showed good fucoxanthin extraction efficiency under the tested solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), with the exception of n-hexane. In addition, most fucoxanthin (~95%) could be extracted by a single extraction in ethanol within 5 min, and only 15% degradation of fucoxanthin was detected during ethanol extraction for 24 h. The two-phase solvent system of n-hexaneethanol-water with a volume ratio of 10:9:1 was determined to be the best system for the separation of fucoxanthin and lipids from extracts of I. aff. galbana. Under these conditions, fucoxanthin was fractionated in the hydroalcohol phase apart from the hexane phase containing lipids. These results imply that I. aff. galbana can be a commercial source for the spontaneous production of valuable fucoxanthins and lipids.

Fucoxanthin as a Major Carotenoid in Isochrysis aff. galbana: Characterization of Extraction for Commercial Application

Kim, Sang Min,Kang, Suk-Woo,Kwon, O-Nam,Chung, Donghwa,Pan, Cheol-Ho The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4

Fucoxanthin, a main marine carotenoid, in five species of fucoxanthin-containing microalgae, was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the studied species, Isochrysis aff. galbana contained the highest amount of fucoxanthin (18.23 mg/g dried sample). This microalga showed good fucoxanthin extraction efficiency under the tested solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), with the exception of n-hexane. In addition, most fucoxanthin (~95%) could be extracted by a single extraction in ethanol within 5 min, and only 15% degradation of fucoxanthin was detected during ethanol extraction for 24 h. The two-phase solvent system of n-hexaneethanol-water with a volume ratio of 10:9:1 was determined to be the best system for the separation of fucoxanthin and lipids from extracts of I. aff. galbana. Under these conditions, fucoxanthin was fractionated in the hydroalcohol phase apart from the hexane phase containing lipids. These results imply that I. aff. galbana can be a commercial source for the spontaneous production of valuable fucoxanthins and lipids.

Anti-obese property of fucoxanthin is partly mediated by altering lipid-regulating enzymes and uncoupling proteins of visceral adipose tissue in mice

Woo, Myoung-Nam,Jeon, Seon-Min,Shin, Young Chul,Lee, Mi-Kyung,Kang, Mi Ae,Choi, Myung-Sook WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Molecular nutrition & food research Vol.53 No.12

<P>This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of fucoxanthin in diet-induced obesity mice fed a high-fat diet (20% fat, wt/wt). The mice were supplemented with two doses of fucoxanthin (0.05 and 0.2%, wt/wt) for 6 wk. Fucoxanthin significantly lowered body weight and visceral fat-pads weights compared with the control group without altering food intake. In epididymal adipose tissue of fucoxanthin-fed mice, adipocyte sizes and mRNA expression of lipogenic and fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes were significantly altered in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma leptin level was significantly lower in the fucoxanthin groups than in the control group, while the adiponectin level was elevated. Fucoxanthin significantly down-regulated various lipogenic enzyme activities in epididymal adipose tissue with a simultaneous decrease in fatty acid β-oxidation activity. The 0.2% fucoxanthin supplement led to increase mRNA expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and UCP-3 in brown adipose tissue and that of UCP-2 in the epididymal white adipose tissue. However, the 0.05% fucoxanthin only elevated UCP-1 mRNA expression in epididymal white adipose tissue. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effect of fucoxanthin could be mediated by altering lipid-regulating enzymes and UCPs in the visceral fat tissues and plasma adipokine levels.</P>

Fucoxanthin from microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum both alleviates the amyloid beta and tau abnormalities in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

Na-Hyun Ahn,Joo-hee Lee,Seung-Hoon Yang 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is one of the most neurodegenerative disorders with severe cognitive impairments such as memory loss. In the region of cortex and hippocampus of AD patients, aggregation of misfolded amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are frequently observed. These abnormalities are well known as classical hallmarks of AD and are considered as main targets for AD treatments. In this study, we report that the fucoxanthin extracted microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum have potential effects for AD treatments. Fucoxanthin prevented the aggregation of both A β and hyperphosphorylated tau, specifically decreasing the levels of oligomeric forms of them. It is also showed that pre-aggregated Aβ and tau proteins were dramatically dissolved by treatment of fucoxanthin. Moreover, intravenous injection of fucoxanthin significantly reduced the levels of Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the cortex and hippocampus regions of AD transgenic mouse brains (APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice). Fucoxanthin also lowered the level of Aβ in the blood plasma and CSF of APP/PS1 transgenic mice model. Furthermore, we indicated the docking models of fucoxanthin on the aggregation of the amyloid proteins. Thus, our results showing multiple effects of fucoxanthin extracted from microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum against AD pathologies provide that fucoxanthin would have promising roles on both strategies of AD prevention and treatments.

Bio-functions of Marine Carotenoids

Masashi Hosokawa,Tomoko Okada,Nana Mikami,Izumi Konishi,Kazuo Miyashita 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1

Carotenoids being most important pigments among those occurring in nature, have received increased interest owing to their beneficial effects on human health. An effort is made to review marine carotenoids as important bioactive compounds with reference to their presence, chemical, and biofunctional benefits they afford. The potential beneficial effects of marine carotenoids were particularly focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, major marine carotenoids found in marine animals and aquatic plants, respectively. Both carotenoids show strong antioxidant activity which is attributed to quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. The potential role of the carotenoids as dietary antioxidants has been suggested as being one of the main mechanism by which they afford their beneficial health effects such as anticancer activity and antiinflammatory effect. Only recently, antiobesity effect and antidiabetic effect have been noted as specific and novel biofunctions of fucoxanthin. Nutrigenomic study reveals that fucoxanthin induces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria to lead to oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Fucoxanthin improves insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose level, at least in part, through the down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in WAT of animals.

Antioxidant effects of fucoxanthin rich powder in rats fed with high fat diet

Ae Wha Ha,Se Jung Na,Woo Kyoung Kim 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.6

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of fucoxanthin. After rats were fed a normal fat diet (NF), high fat diet (HF), and high fat with 0.2% fucoxanthin diet (HF + Fxn) for 4 weeks, the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity like lipid peroxidation, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were determined. mRNA expression of transcription factor, nuclear erythroid factor like 2 (Nrf2), and its target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also determined. Mean weight gain in the HF + Fxn group was lower, without statistical significance, and the total food intake in the HF + Fxn group was lower than that in the HF group (P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) in plasma was significantly higher in the HF + Fxn group than those in the HF group (P < 0.05). In the liver, the activities of catalase (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (P < 0.05) in the HF + Fxn group were significantly higher than those in the HF group. Plasma TAC level was significantly higher in the HF + Fxn group than that in the HF group (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation in plasma tended to be lower without statistical significance. Fucoxanthin supplements were shown to have higher mRNA expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 than those in the high fat diet only group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of fucoxanthin improved the antioxidant capacity, depleted by high fat diet, by activating the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream target gene NQO1. Therefore, supplementation of fucoxanthin, especially for those who consume high fat in their diet, may benefit from reduced risk of oxidative stress.

오메가-3 지방산 및 푸코잔틴 고함량 토착 규조류 아크난티디움 균주의 분리 및 특성

김우림(Urim Kim),조대현(Dae-Hyun Cho),허진아(Jina Heo),김희식(Hee-Sik Kim) 한국해양바이오학회 2019 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids, which are known as representative high-value substances derived from microalgae, are being studied from various diatoms. Most of the diatoms contain fucoxanthin and omega-3 fatty acid. Fucoxanthin produced by diatom has been reported as bioactive compounds exhibiting strong antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the low growth rate and fucoxanthin content of diatoms are one of the big obstacles to the industrial application. In this study, indigenous marine diatom Achnanthidium sp. BS-001 was isolated for a candidate of fucoxanthin producer. Light intensity and temperature for the culture of Achnanthidium sp. BS-001 were optimized on PhotoBiobox. Optimization of silicate concentration for increasing BS-001 biomass productivity was confirmed in F/2 medium with various concentration of sodium silicate. As a result, condition of light intensity, temperature, and silicate concentration for optimal cultivation were 150 μmol·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP>, 18℃ and 0.106 mM, respectively. Maximum biomass productivity reaches to 154.3 mg·L<SUP>-1</SUP>·day<SUP>-1</SUP>, and then the content of omega-3 fatty acids and fucoxanthin were 19.4 mg·g<SUP>-1</SUP>, 9.05 mg·g<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These results indicate that Achnanthidium sp. BS-001 has the potential to be used as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and fucoxanthin.

Fucoxanthin derivatives from Sargassum siliquastrum inhibit matrix metalloproteinases by suppressing NF-kB and MAPKs in human fibrosarcoma cells

Van-Tinh Nguyen,Zhong-Ji Qian,이봉기,허수진,김길남,전유진,박원선,최일환,장철호,고석천,박선주,김용태,김근형,이대성,임미진,정원교,제재영 한국조류학회I 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.4

Fucoxanthin is known to be an effective cell proliferation inhibitor with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities. However, there is a lack of data regarding the biological effects of cis isomers of fucoxanthin. To assess the potential therapeutic properties of 9′-cis-(6′R) fucoxanthin (FcA), and 13-cis and 13′-cis-(6′R) fucoxanthin complex (FcB) isolated from Sarggassum siliquastrum, we investigated their inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. FcA and FcB reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein and mRNA levels, as well as the migration of these cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, FcA and FcB increased levels of MMPs inhibition factors such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. FcA and FcB significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor кB (NF-кB) and by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our results demonstrate that suppression of the NF-κB, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways may inhibit PMA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Therefore, FcA and FcB may be useful in noninvasive therapeutic strategies against fibrosarcoma metastasis.

Fucoxanthin derivatives from Sargassum siliquastrum inhibit matrix metalloproteinases by suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs in human fibrosarcoma cells

Nguyen, Van-Tinh,Qian, Zhong-Ji,Lee, Bonggi,Heo, Soo-Jin,Kim, Kil-Nam,Jeon, You-Jin,Park, Won Sun,Choi, Il-Whan,Jang, Chul Ho,Ko, Seok-Chun,Park, Sun-Joo,Kim, Yong-Tae,Kim, GeunHyung,Lee, Dae-Sung,Yim The Korean Society of Phycology 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.4

Fucoxanthin is known to be an effective cell proliferation inhibitor with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities. However, there is a lack of data regarding the biological effects of cis isomers of fucoxanthin. To assess the potential therapeutic properties of 9'-cis-(6'R) fucoxanthin (FcA), and 13-cis and 13'-cis-(6'R) fucoxanthin complex (FcB) isolated from Sarggassum siliquastrum, we investigated their inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. FcA and FcB reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein and mRNA levels, as well as the migration of these cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, FcA and FcB increased levels of MMPs inhibition factors such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. FcA and FcB significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our results demonstrate that suppression of the NF-${\kappa}B$, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways may inhibit PMA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Therefore, FcA and FcB may be useful in noninvasive therapeutic strategies against fibrosarcoma metastasis.