수족상응(手足相應) 동작의 형태학적 특징 탐색 -발레와 한국무용을 중심으로-

황규자,유지영 한국공연문화학회 2010 공연문화연구 Vol.0 No.20

Despite that it is relatively difficult to compare the movements in eastern and western dancing, this study approached hand-foot coordination movements, which involve lifting both an arm and a leg to stand on one foot, from a figurative point of view. In ballet, arabesque, developpe, and attitude were recognized as the example hand-foot coordination movements, and in Korean Dance, Oesawi, Gyeopsawi, and Meongseokmari of Mask Dance were classified into the hand-foot coordination movements. The figurative characteristics of these dances were approached from the aspects of racial traits, philosophies of dancing, and forms of movements. The following summarizes the findings about hand-foot coordination movements of this study. First, in relation to human physiology, eastern and western races have different traits. The forms of dancing have developed differently according to the builds and figures of dancers. Ballet is an elegant form of dancing using long legs and arms and its arabesque, developpe, and attitude movements emphasize stretching the body for an elegant and beautiful presentation. On the other hand, Korea was an agricultural society and lived closer to the land. As its people developed petite figures, its dancing movements, especially the hand-foot coordination movements, involved ‘twisting’ and ‘walking down and up.’Second, despite that the hand-foot coordination movements are identical for east and west, ballet aims at the heaven and Korean Dance aims at the land according to the differences in the views of nature. Although the principle of hand-foot coordination movements is about aiming at the land, western philosophies and aesthetics pursue the heaven. Third, in ballet, the focus of beauty is the presentation of beautiful movements. Therefore, the hand-foot coordination movements precisely control the position and angle of arms and legs for the perfect balance of the body. On the other hand, the hand-foot coordination movements of Korean Dance are mostly rooted from natural daily movements and movements that enhance the efficiency of labor. Therefore, it is considered beautiful techniques even if the body looks rather unbalanced. 이 연구는 동서양 춤 동작의 원리를 비교하는 것으로 다리와 팔을 동시에 움직이는 즉, 한쪽 다리로 신체를 지탱하는 공통점을 지닌 수족상응(手足相應) 동작에 대하여 형태학적으로 접근하였다. 따라서 발레에서는 아라베스크(arabesque), 데벨로뻬(developpe), 아띠뜌드(attitude) 동작을 수족상응 동작의 예로 제시하였고, 한국무용에서는 탈춤의 외사위, 겹사위, 멍석말이 등을 포함한 민속무용의 수족상응 춤사위를 고찰하여 이들 춤에서 나타나는 형태학적 특징을 인종의 형질적 측면, 춤의 사상적 측면, 동작의 조형적 측면으로 탐색하였다. 그 결과 수족상응 동작의 형태에 나타난 양태는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인류의 생태와 관련하여 인종의 형질이 동서양간 각각 다르기 때문에 무용수의 체격이나 체형은 춤의 형태를 다르게 발달시켰다. 따라서 발레는 긴 팔과 다리를 이용하여 신전하는 형태의 춤으로 수족상응 동작에서 신체의 한계선을 더욱 확장시킴으로써 우아하고 아름답게 보일 수 있도록 하였다. 반면 우리나라는 농업이 생업이었으므로 항상 땅과 가까이 한 탓에 체격이 왜소해졌고 이 때문에 춤사위는 ‘휘젓는 춤사위’와 ‘굴신걸음’으로 발전하여 대부분의 수족상응 동작에서도 이와 같은 형태를 취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 동서양간의 자연관에 따라 동일한 형태의 수족상응 동작임에도 불구하고 발레는 천향(天香)을, 한국무용은 지향(地響)의 형태를 띠고 있다. 이것은 수족상응 동작의 원리가 땅을 지향(地向)하는 것임에도 불구하고 서양인의 사상과 추구하는 미적 가치가 천향(天向)을 지향(志向)하고 있기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 셋째, 발레에서 미(美)의 초점은 외형으로 나타난 아름다운 동작 그 자체에 있다. 따라서 수족상응 동작에서도 신체가 완벽한 균형을 이룰 수 있도록 팔과 다리의 위치 및 각도를 규정하고 있다. 반면 한국무용의 수족상응 동작은 대부분 일상생활에서 나오는 자연스러운 움직임과 일의 능률을 올릴 수 있는 움직임에서 발전된 동작임으로 신체가 다소 불균형을 이루더라도 멋스러운 기교로 간주하고 있음을 고찰하였다.

일반논문 : 수족상응(手足相應) 동작의 형태학적 특징 탐색 -발레와 한국무용을 중심으로-

황규자 ( Kyu Ja Hwang ),유지영 ( Ji Young Yoo ) 한국공연문화학회 (구,한국고전희곡학회) 2010 공연문화연구 Vol.0 No.20

이 연구는 동서양 춤 동작의 원리를 비교하는 것으로 다리와 팔을 동시에 움직이는 즉, 한쪽 다리로 신체를 지탱하는 공통점을 지닌 수족상응(手足相應) 동작에 대하여 형태학적으로 접근하였다. 따라서 발레에서는 아라베스크(arabesque), 데벨로뻬(developpe), 아띠뜌드(attitude) 동작을 수족상응 동작의 예로 제시하였고, 한국무용에서는 탈춤의 외사위, 겹사위, 멍석말이 등을 포함한 민속무용의 수족상응 춤사위를 고찰하여 이들 춤에서 나타나는 형태학적 특징을 인종의 형질적 측면, 춤의 사상적 측면, 동작의 조형적 측면으로 탐색하였다. 그 결과 수족상응 동작의 형태에 나타난 양태는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인류의 생태와 관련하여 인종의 형질이 동서양간 각각 다르기 때문에 무용수의 체격이나 체형은 춤의 형태를 다르게 발달시켰다. 따라서 발레는 긴 팔과 다리를 이용하여 신전하는 형태의 춤으로 수족상응 동작에서 신체의 한계선을 더욱 확장시킴으로써 우아하고 아름답게 보일 수 있도록 하였다. 반면 우리나라는 농업이 생업이었으므로 항상 땅과 가까이 한 탓에 체격이 왜소해졌고 이 때문에 춤사위는 `휘젓는 춤사위`와 `굴신걸음`으로 발전하여 대부분의 수족상응 동작에서도 이와 같은 형태를 취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 동서양간의 자연관에 따라 동일한 형태의 수족상응 동작임에도 불구하고 발레는 천향(天香)을, 한국무용은 지향(地響)의 형태를 띠고 있다. 이것은 수족상응 동작의 원리가 땅을 지향(地向)하는 것임에도 불구하고 서양인의 사상과 추구하는 미적 가치가 천향(天向)을 지향(志向)하고 있기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 셋째, 발레에서 미(美)의 초점은 외형으로 나타난 아름다운 동작 그 자체에 있다. 따라서 수족상응 동작에서도 신체가 완벽한 균형을 이룰 수 있도록 팔과 다리의 위치 및 각도를 규정하고 있다. 반면 한국무용의 수족상응 동작은 대부분 일상생활에서 나오는 자연스러운 움직임과 일의 능률을 올릴 수 있는 움직임에서 발전된 동작임으로 신체가 다소 불균형을 이루더라도 멋스러운 기교로 간주하고 있음을 고찰하였다. Despite that it is relatively difficult to compare the movements in eastern and western dancing, this study approached hand-foot coordination movements, which involve lifting both an arm and a leg to stand on one foot, from a figurative point of view. In ballet, arabesque, developpe, and attitude were recognized as the example hand-foot coordination movements, and in Korean Dance, Oesawi, Gyeopsawi, and Meongseokmari of Mask Dance were classified into the hand-foot coordination movements. The figurative characteristics of these dances were approached from the aspects of racial traits, philosophies of dancing, and forms of movements. The following summarizes the findings about hand-foot coordination movements of this study. First, in relation to human physiology, eastern and western races have different traits. The forms of dancing have developed differently according to the builds and figures of dancers. Ballet is an elegant form of dancing using long legs and arms and its arabesque, developpe, and attitude movements emphasize stretching the body for an elegant and beautiful presentation. On the other hand, Korea was an agricultural society and lived closer to the land. As its people developed petite figures, its dancing movements, especially the hand-foot coordination movements, involved `twisting` and `walking down and up.` Second, despite that the hand-foot coordination movements are identical for east and west, ballet aims at the heaven and Korean Dance aims at the land according to the differences in the views of nature. Although the principle of hand-foot coordination movements is about aiming at the land, western philosophies and aesthetics pursue the heaven. Third, in ballet, the focus of beauty is the presentation of beautiful movements. Therefore, the hand-foot coordination movements precisely control the position and angle of arms and legs for the perfect balance of the body. On the other hand, the hand-foot coordination movements of Korean Dance are mostly rooted from natural daily movements and movements that enhance the efficiency of labor. Therefore, it is considered beautiful techniques even if the body looks rather unbalanced.

Fitts' Law for Angular Foot Movement in the Foot Tapping Task

Jaeeun Park,Rohae Myung 대한인간공학회 2012 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm difference between angular foot movement time and existing foot Fitts" law predicting times, and to develop the angular foot Fitts" law in the foot tapping task. Background: Existing studies of foot Fitts" law focused on horizontal movement to predict the movement time. However, when driving a car, humans move their foot from the accelerator to the brake with a fixed heel. Therefore, we examined the experiment to measure angular foot movement time in reciprocal foot tapping task and compared to conventional foot Fitts" law predicting time. And, we developed the angular foot Fitts" law. Method: In this study, we compared the angular foot movement time in foot tapping task and the predicted time of four conventional linear foot Fitts" law models - Drury"s foot Fitts" law, Drury"s ballistic, Hoffmann"s ballistic, Hoffmann"s visually-controlled. 11 subjects participated in this experiment to get a movement time and three target degrees of 20, 40, and 60 were used. And, conventional models were calculated for the prediction time. To analyze the movement time, linear and arc distance between targets were used for variables of model. Finally, the angular foot Fitts" law was developed from experimental data. Results: The average movement times for each experiment were 412.2ms, 474.9ms, and 526.6ms for the 89mm, 172mm, and 253mm linear distance conditions. The results also showed significant differences in performance time between different angle level. However, all of conventional linear foot Fitts" laws ranged 135.6ms to 401.2ms. On the other hand, the angular foot Fitts" law predicted the angular movement time well. Conclusion: Conventional linear foot Fitts" laws were underestimated and have a limitation to predict the foot movement time in the real task related angular foot movement. Application: This study is useful when considering the human behavior of angular foot movement such as driving or foot input device.

문화(文化) : 중국 근대의 전족폐지론과 국가주의 -신체담론과 관련한 여성 교육을 중심으로-

박은희 ( Eun Hee Park ),윤미영 ( Mi Young Yoon ) 퇴계학부산연구원 2014 퇴계학논총 Vol.23 No.-

중국인의 신체에 대한 구속으로 가장 심각한 것이 바로 여성의 발을 묶어서 작게 만드는 전족이다. 전족은 통상 6살 때 시행하는데 그때의 고통이란 형언할 수 없는 지경이라고 한다. 이런 고통을 거쳐 여성의 발은 10cm도 채 안 되는 크기로 자리 잡게 된다. 처음에는 지배계층의 일부에서 시작되었지만 시간이 흐를수록 광범위하게 확산되어 후대가 되면 일반 농민층에까지 파급된다. 그러나 전족의 성행에 따라 문제점이 드러나게 된 청말에 들어오면 전족폐지론이 점점 기세를 떨치게 된다. 청말의 폐지론이 힘을 얻게 된 것도 서구 충격과도 긴밀한 관계가 있었다. 중국에 들어온 서구인의 눈에 전족은 야만적인 관행으로 비난의 대상이 되었고 개혁을 추구하는 과정에서 중국 안에서도 타파해야 할 악습으로 지목되었기 때문이다. 19세기 말에서 20세기 초에 걸쳐 전개된 전족에 관한 분석과 비판은 중국 여성의 해방에 대한 인식과 이해를 깊게 해주고 완전히 남녀평등을 이룰 수 있도록 하는데 기여하였다고 본다. 서양 선교사들이 『만국공보』를 통해 중국 여성의 지위를 개선하고자 여론을 조성하고 천족회를 설립하여 부전족운동을 전개한 것, 그리고 여기에 각성된 유신파 인사들의 노력이 결합이 되어 중국 여성들의 정신적 · 육체적 해방에 영향을 주었다고 볼 수 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 전족은 이전에 한족의 민족적 정수로 민족적 정체성의 표지로 간주된 반면에, 이제 ‘야만’의 기표이자 민족적 수치의 표식으로 바뀌었다. 이렇게 중국의 부전족운동은 서구의 새로운 사조가 유입되면서 시작되었고 20세기 초반에 서서히 막을 내리게 된다. The most serious thing as body restriction is foot-binding to make feet of women small from binding the feet. Foot-binding was executed when girls were usually 6 years old, and it was said that the pain was really indescribable. After passing this pain, feet of women became the size less than 10 cm. It was started from some of the ruling class at first. But, it had expanded widely as time goes by. In later generations, it had spread into the general peasantry class. However, as foot-binding became popular, at the end of the Qing Dynasty period when problems appeared more, foot-binding abolition movement aroused its force gradually. The reason why the abolition movement at the end of Qing acquired the power was closely related with Western shocks. It was because foot-binding to the eyes of westerners who came in China became a target of criticism as a barbarous custom and was appointed as a bad convention to break through even in China in the course of pursuing reform. The analysis and criticism against foot-binding which were spread out from the late 19th to the early 20th century made awareness and understanding deepened about the liberation of Chinese women and contributed to achieving gender equality. Western missionaries formed public opinions in order to improve the social status of Chinese women and developed the ant-foot-binding movement by establishing the natural feet society through "Wanguogongbao". Plus, by the combination of the effort of waken people of the reform group to these actions, it can be stated that they all influenced psychological and physical liberation of Chinese women. Therefore, foot-binding was considered as signs of ethnic essence and identity of Han Chinese before; on the other hand, it has changed into a symbol of “savagism” and a mark of ethnic disgrace. Like these, the anti-foot-binding movement started as Occidental new trends had flown into China and was slowly over in the early 20th century.

19세기 말 중국 여성의식의 계몽 : 부전족운동(不纏足運動)

이영란 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구소 : 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2014 여성학논집 Vol.31 No.2

20세기는 중국 여성의 권리가 신장되었던 시기로, 19세기 말 즉 청(淸) 말 중국에서도 여성들을 가정으로부터 사회로 이끌어내고자 하는 움직임이 있었다. 이러한 움직임에 따라 여성들은 점차 변화하는 시대에 맞게 전통의 굴레에서 벗어나 새로운 세계를 향하고자 하는 갈망을 갖게 되었다. 유교사상이 지배적인 명청(明淸) 시기에 여성들은 가부장적 사회 안에서 생활해야 했다. 전족(纏足)은 명대에 이르러 성행하였고, 청대는 전족이 최고 성행을 이룬 시기이다. 높은 신분에서부터 농민층에 이르기까지 전족의 풍습은 확산되었다. 고통을 감수하며 행한 전족으로 여성 자신은 주체적 인격이 상실되고, 남성 중심 사회의 관상 내지 성적 종속물로 기록되었다. 이러한 전족에 대한 반대는 이미 북송말엽 차약수와 정이로부터 시작하였다. 개항 이 후 지식인층 사이에서 전족문제를 제기하였고, 선교사들은 전족의 비인간적 풍습을 규탄하였다. 전족을 하지 못하도록 실천적 운동으로 옮기기 시작한 것은 바로 태평천국시기이다. 태평천국 시기 광서지역 여성들 스스로가 여성들에게 전족을 풀 것을 권유하면서 중국 여성들에게 전족이라는 악습에 대해 생각하게 하는 단서를 마련하였다고 할 수 있다. 국민의 한 구성원으로서의 여성 의식을 갖게 하기 위해 변법지식인은 계몽활동을 하였다. 여전히 남성들이 중심이 된 조직체를 운영하였지만, 전족을 한 여성들과 가족들에게 전족이라는 악습의 폐지로 여성이 국가의 한 일원인 국민으로서 자각할 수 있는 기회를 마련하였다. 결국 그들은 학회 및 보간(報刊)을 통해 여학을 강조하였고 여성을 위한 교육시설을 설립하여 중국 여성의식의 확대를 위한 노력으로 국민국가를 이루고자 하였다. The twentieth century was a period when the rights of Chinese women were enhanced. At the end of the 19th century, which was the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a movement where women emerged out of their households and into the society. According to this movement, they had a desire to create a new world outside of traditional bridles in order to keep pace with changing times. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when Confucianism dominated the society, women had to stay within the framework of the family which limited the social activities of women. Foot binding prevailed during the Ming Dynasty and in particular, the Qing Dynasty experienced the peak in this foot binding custom. It had spread much farther from the upper classes to farmers in rural areas. Through painful foot binding, the subjective personalities of women were lost and they were regarded as objects of enjoyment or sexual subordinates in a male-oriented society. Opposition to foot binding began in Jiruoshui and Chengyi of the late Northern Sung. After the opening of ports to western forces, the issue of foot binding was presented by the intellectuals, and missionaries condemned the inhumane custom. It was during the Taiping Tien-kwoh period that the opposition to foot binding was developed into a practical movement. Women in Guangxi during the Taiping Tien-kwoh were recommended to release themselves from foot-binding, which was a chance for Chinese women to reconsider the evil custom of foot binding. Intellectuals in the Reform Movement led enlightenment activities to inspire women to become subjective women as members of the nation. Organizations involved with the women’s movement in that period were still centered on men, through which women with bound feet and their families could have the opportunity to understand the necessity for foot binding prohibition, and to become aware of themselves as members of their nation. Finally, women’s education was enhanced and welfare services were prepared through academies, newspapers, and magazines, which led to further development, and educational societies for women were established where the nation could make an effort to achieve and then enhance feminine awareness.

발 푸시버튼의 배치와 작업 효율성

홍승권 ( Seung Kweon Hong ),채준성 ( Jun Seong Chae ) 대한설비관리학회 2013 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The layout of switch button was addressed in the many previous studies. The most of them was related with the switch buttons controlled by human hands or fingers. This study addressed the layout of switch button that is controlled by the human foot. Human performance (e.g. movement time and error rate) was measured according to the number of button and the layout pattern. The human performance was decreased with increase of the number of button. The number of button which can be recommended was less than 4buttons in this study. On the other hand, it has been reported that foot movement rotating foot ankle is more efficient than foot movement straightly moving foot itself. However, the button layout leading rotating foot ankle was not significantly superior to the other button layouts in this study.

Comparison of Abductor Hallucis Contractility between Regular and Flat Feet during SFE with SLSKB Test

문동철,정주현 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2022 PNF and Movement Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the contractility of the abductor hallucis (AbdH), an intrinsic foot muscle, between flat feet and normal feet during a movement control test (single-leg small knee band test) using ultrasonography. Methods: A total of 23 subjects with (n = 11) and without (n = 12) flatfoot were included in the study. Each subject performed the short foot exercises (SFE) with a single-leg small knee bend (SLSKB) test, which is a functional movement. An ultrasound device was used to collect data regarding the changes in the contractility of the AbdH. Results: Intergroup comparison showed that dorsoplantar thickness was significantly reduced at baseline and during the SFE with SLSKB in the flatfoot group (p < 0.05). Intragroup comparison showed that the cross-sectional area significantly improved when the SFE was performed with SLSKB in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the AbdH had inadequate contractility during the SLSKB test in subjects with flatfoot; therefore, it is important to train the contraction of the AbdH via functional movements during clinicalinterventions for subjects with flatfoot.

골반동작을 이용한 체간조절이 편마비 환자의 족저압에 미치는 영향

김지혜,황병용,오태영,Kim, Ji-Hye,Hwang, Byong-Yong,Oh, Tae-Young 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of trunk control using pelvic movements upon the foot pressure in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: Twelve males with hemiplegia were the procedure executed turnk control using pelvic movements. The foot pressure were measured using Parotec-system. Results: The data were analysed with paired t-test. First, there was a significant increase in external and internal sensors of dynamic foot pressure change of the hindfoot before and after therapy. Also there was significant increase in hallux (p<0.05). Second, there was a significant increase of affected side in support phase(p<0.05) and decreased of affected side in overlapping phase(p<0.05). Third, there was a significant increase in foot floor contact time and impulse pressure rate between affected and non affected side(p<0.05). Conclusion: The trunk control with pelvic movement had an significant effect on the legs by increase activities of hip flexors and abductors. Also had an effect on ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexor by biomechanical movement.

선택적 안구운동 프로그램이 정상성인의 족저압과 균형에 미치는 영향

이건철 ( Geon Cheol Lee ),김지혁 ( Chi Hyok Kim ),김명진 ( Myung Jin Kim ),정고운 ( Go Woon Jung ),이재철 ( Jae Cheol Lee ),김지환 ( Ji Hwan Kim ),이미화,김지선 ( Ji Sun Kim ),배원식 ( Won Sik Bae ) 대한물리의학회 2011 대한물리의학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to identify static, dynamic balance performances and foot pressure after eye movement exercise in normal adults. Method:This study was performed on normal 18 males and 18 females subjects. They were divided into 3 groups using random sampling and executed saccadic eye movement, vestibuloocular eye movement, pursuit vergence eye movement exercise respectively. In order to compare the difference of balance and foot pressure, the subjects were measured before, middle and after eye movement. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. Foot pressure was examined using the gaitview AFA-50. Result:The result are as follows. 1. After first intervention, the difference of the FORM-EC item on MCTSIB variable in the vestibuloocular group was significantly decreased(p<.05) and after second intervention, the difference of the FIRM-EO(p<.05), FORM-EO(p<.01), FORM-EC(p<.01) items on MCTSIB variable in the saccadic group and FORM-EC(p<.05) item in the vestibuloocular group were significantly decreased respectively. 2. After first intervention, the difference of the EPE, MXE items in the saccadic group(p<.05) and RT(p<.05), EPE(p<.01) items in the pursuit vergence group were significantly decreased respectively after second intervention. 3. After first intervention, the difference of the Static A-P(p<.05), L-R(p<.01) and Dynamic A-P(p<.01), L-R (p<.01) items on foot pressure variable in the saccadic group, Dynamic A-P(p<.01) item in the vestibuloocular group and Static A-P(p<.01), Dynamic A-P(p<.05), L-R(p<.01) items in the pursuit vergence group were significantly decreased respectively. 4. After first intervention, the difference of the FORM-EO(p<.05), FORM-EC(p<.01) items and after second intervention, the difference of the FIRM-EO(p<.01) item on MCTSIB variable among three groups was significantly decreased respectively. Conclusion:Selective eye movement exercise program influences balance control ability and foot pressure of normal adults in positive ways.

중국 여성과 전족문화에 대한 一考察(일고찰)

윤미영 ( Yoon Mi-young ) 사단법인 퇴계학부산연구원 2019 퇴계학논총 Vol.33 No.-

중국에서 전족은 용모의 아름다움보다도 더 가치가 높은 여성미로 여겨졌다. 아름다움의 추구는 성인이 되어서 혹은 사물에 대한 판단력이 생긴 후에 본인의 자유의지에 의해 행해져야 한다. 하지만 전족은 여성 자신의 아름다움에 대한 추구가 아니라 남성에 의해 강제되어진 여성에 대한 남성의 심미적욕구인 것이다. 특히 이러한 전족문화는 남권 중심의 배우자의 선택 기준으로서 전족을 하지 않은 여성은 결혼마저 힘든 어처구니없는 문화를 낳았다. 전족은 어떠한 실제적인 효용가치가 없는데도 중국사회에서 천년동안 계속되면서 중국의 사회와 정치, 윤리규범, 전통습속에 적지 않은 영향을 끼쳤다. 결국 전족은 서구의 새로운 사상과 문화가 급속하게 유입되기 시작하면서 20세기초에 서서히 막을 내리게 된다. 전족에 대한 분석과 비판은 중국여성에 대한 이해를 깊이 해주는 동시에 중국 문화를 오롯이 이해하는데도 기여할 수 있을 것이다. In China, foot-binding was considered to be more feminine than the beauty of the face. The pursuit of beauty must be done by my free will after I become an adult and have a sense of things. However Foot-binding is not a pursuit of the beauty of women themselves, but a male aesthetic desire for women forced by men. In particular, this foot-binding culture is the standard of choice for spouses as seen from the male center. A woman who was not foot-binding formed anomalous culture that was difficult to marry. Foot-binding did not have any practical utility value, but had a considerable impact on Chinese society, politics, codes of ethics and traditions for a thousand years. In the end, foot-binding begins to slow down at the beginning of the 20th century as new ideas and cultures of the West begin to flow in rapidly. Such analysis and criticism of foot-binding culture can contribute to the understanding of Chinese women as well as to the understanding of Chinese culture.