R32 냉매를 사용하는 히트 펌프의 전자식 팽창 밸브 질량유량 상관식 평가

김민규,정지환 대한설비공학회 2022 설비공학 논문집 Vol.34 No.7

The internal flow of an electronic expansion valve is complex. Many researchers have proposed mass flow correlations in various ways to predict the mass flow through an electronic expansion valve. However, the evaluation of the correlation equation was insufficient, and in this paper, data of the R32 heat pump system was acquired to evaluate correlations. The orifices of the electronic expansion valve used in the experiment were 2.40 mm and 1.65 mm, respectively. The acquired data were inputted into the existing correlation and compared. The correlational MAPE evaluated from the data of the electronic expansion valve with an orifice diameter of 2.40 mm was from 9.07% to 334.52%, SD showed from 4.34% to 206.37%. Correlated MAPE evaluated from the data of the electronic expansion valve with orifice diameter of 1.65 mm was from 24.07% to 160.82%, SD was from 6.00% to 177.11%. As a cause analysis, there is a difference in the geometric shape and size of the electronic expansion valve. Also, the change in physical properties depending on the refrigerant was one of the causes of the error. 지난 기간 동안 연구자들은 다양한 운전조건과 냉매에 대한 전자식 팽창 밸브 유량 상관식을 개발해왔다. 각자 다른 방식을 통하여 새로운 유량 상관식을 제시하였지만, 이에 대한 평가는 여전히 부족했다. 본 논문은 이러한 유량 상관식의 평가를 위해서 R32 냉매를 사용하는 히트펌프를 사용하여 넓은 운전조건과 내부 오리피스 지름이 다른 EEV를 사용하여 데이터를 취득하였다. 이 데이터를 이용하여 제시된 상관식에 적용하고 결과를 분석하였다. 현재까지 개발된 냉매 유량 상관식은 실험 데이터에 의존하기 때문에 제한된 운전 조건과 냉매, 전자식 팽창 밸브의 기하학적 조건에 영향을 받는다. 전자식 팽창 밸브의 내부 오리피스의 지름이 서로 다른 2개의 EEV에 대해서 실험한 데이터를 통해 비교한 결과 EEV #1(D: 2.40 mm)의 비교 결과는 Park et al.(10)의 상관식 평가결과가 MAPE 9.07%, SD 10.01%를 나타내어 가장 실험값과 유사하게 예측하였다. EEV #2(D: 1.65 mm)의 비교 결과는 Tian et al.(13)의 상관식 평가결과는 MAPE 24.07%, SD 10.21%를 나타내어 가장 실험값과 유사하게 예측하였다. 분석 결과 전자식 팽창 밸브의 기하학적 형상 및 수치의 차이와 냉매에 차이에 따른 운전조건 및 물성치의 차이로 인해 오차가 발생할 수 있다.

에어컨용 팽창밸브 개발에 관한 연구

윤소남(S. N. Yun),함덕용(D. Y. Ham),한유리(Y. Han),정병홍(B. H. Jeong) 유공압건설기계학회 2008 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

An air conditioner(air conditioning system) is a cooling equipment that has a the process of the one-cooling cycle such as compression, condensation, expansion and evaporation. Expansion process is operated by expansion valve that is a kind of mass flow control component. The characteristics of a expansion valve design parameters such as linearity, repeatability and hysteresis are very important because these parameters affect the variation of the COP(Coefficient of Performance). This paper presents the static and dynamic characteristics of a bellows type expansion valve. The static and dynamic analysis by experiments and the structure analysis by FEM tool were accomplished for development of the new structure of expansion valve. The torque characteristics of the stepping motor and the displacement variation of the poppet valve were also analyzed through the experimental setup. In this study, the new structure of the expansion valve through the theoretical analysis and experiment was suggested. And it was confirmed that the suggested model is proper to apply in the air conditioning system.

온도식팽창밸브의 전자식팽창밸브로의 대체 가능성에 관한 연구

한도영(Doyoung Han),정성욱(Seongwoock Jeong) 대한설비공학회 2006 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.6

전자팽창밸브 작동특성에 대한 실험적 연구

윤소남 (Y. S. Nam),함덕용 (D. Y. Ham),한유리 (Y. Han),이근우 (K. W. Lee),정병홍 (B. H. Jeong) 한국동력기계공학회 2009 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.6

This study presents the possibility of the refrigerant control using electronic expansion valve which is operated by stepping motor. The electronic expansion valve is a type of flow control equipment that is a combination of a poppet, a positioner, three reduction gears and a stepping motor. The poppet modulates orifice its opening to maintain the controlled refrigerant flow. So, pitch control of the positioner and pulse control of the three reduction gears are very important design parameters for performance improvement of this study object valve. In this paper, the effects of the nonlinearity, the hysteresis on the performance and flow rate characteristics of electronic expansion valve were investigated. The input pulse of stepping motor, displacement characteristics and flow rate characteristics of this valve were analyzed through the experimental setup.

전자식 팽창밸브를 적용한 3RT급 히트펌프 시스템의 냉방 성능 특성

손창효,윤정인,최광환,하수정,전민주,박성현,이상봉 한국동력기계공학회 2017 동력시스템공학회지 Vol.21 No.6

히트펌프 시스템은 소량의 에너지를 이용하여 많은 에너지를 공급하는 고효율, 친환경적 장치이다. 하지만, 전자 팽창 밸브 및 히트펌프에 관한 많은 연구가 있지만, 각 영향에 대한 상세한 데이터 분석은 불충분하다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 압축기에 연결된 인버터의 주파수, 증발기로 유입되는 냉수의 입구 온도, 응축기로 유입되는 냉각수의 유입 온도에 따른 히트 펌프 시스템의 응축 압력, 증발 압력, 압축 일량, 질량 유량, 냉방 능력, 성능 계수에 대해서 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다 : (1)냉방 능력을 증가시키기 위해서는 인버터의 주파수와 증발기 측 냉수 입구 온도는 증가시키는 반면에 응축기 측 냉각수 입구 온도는 감소시켜야 할 것으로 판단된다. (2) COP를 증가시키기 위해서는 증발기 측 냉수 입구 온도를 증가시키고, 인버터의 주파수와 응축기 측 냉각수 입구 온도를 감소시키는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

CO2용 전자팽창밸브 개발에 관한 연구

안국찬,김봉환 한국기계기술학회 2014 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.16 No.5

This study was developed the electronic expansion valve using CO2 refrigerant. The electronic expansion valve consist of bellows, stepping motor, 3-stage reduction gear, poppet and orifice. Structural and flow analysis of electronic expansion valve are carried out using commercial code ANSYS and CFX version 14. Structural analysis was conducted for three type bellows(basic, rib and straight type). Asresults, value of maximum equivalent stress showed that basic type was smaller than rib and straight type.

전기자동차 히트펌프 시스템용 냉매 제어 밸브 개발

김준호(Junho Kim),기정진(Jungjin Ki),김기목(Kimok Kim),홍태호(Taeho Hong) 한국자동차공학회 2023 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.5

The thermal management system of electric vehicles is very different from that of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Improving the efficiency in cooling and heating of the air conditioning system of an electric vehicle driven only with the electric energy of a battery has become a very important issue. In particular, the heat pump system to deal with the problem of reducing driving range due to excessive power consumption during heating has become a basic technology for most electric vehicles. As the number of refrigerant components in a heat pump system increase and the complexity of a circuit increases, it is required to apply several refrigerant control valves, including electronic expansion valve. In this study, electronic expansions valve which has a disk type expansion mechanism were developed, 3way and 4way functions were implemented to respond to various circuits, and flow control characteristics were optimized. And it was applied to the heat pump system to evaluate the controllability, and the heating performance was confirmed under various operating mode.

전자팽창밸브 제어성능 모사용 증발기 동특성 모델링

신영기(Younggy Shin),조수(Soo Cho),태춘섭(Choon-Seob Tae),장철용(Cheol-Yong Jang) 대한설비공학회 2007 설비공학 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

Controlling superheat of indoor units associated with a multi-type heat pump is one of difficult tasks to be addressed. This study suggests a dynamic model of an evaporator based on heat and mass balance. Thermodynamic properties are calculated by a commercial software, Refprop, The model is programmed in MFC Visual C++ for controller interface in real-time mode. The simulation results shows that PI control works for a narrow range of superheat. Beyond the range, the temperature behavior of the refrigerant is quite nonlinear mainly due to phase change. Thus, it is concluded that PI control of superheat has to be supplemented by nonlinear control ideas to avoid saturation and excessive superheat.

해수제빙장치의 팽창밸브 개도에 따른 성능 특성

주우진(W. J. Joo),변종영(J. Y. Byun ),정태영 (T. Y. Jeong ),정석권 (S. K. Jeong ) 한국동력기계공학회 2009 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.6

This paper investigates optimum operating conditions to develop automatic system with high energy efficiency of a seawater ice machine which has rotating drum installed an evaporator inside it. The coefficient of performance(COP) was used as an index to evaluate energy efficiency of the machine and it was calculated by two different manners. The opening angle(OA) of electronic expansion valve(EEV)/controlvariable,wasadjustedwithin 50-100% range to estimate the energy efficiency of the machine. At first, we checked COP and superheat according to the variation of OA of the EEV and rpm of the drum. Then we analyzed that how the variation of OA and rpm of the drum have influence on the COP and superheat. Finally, we confirmed that optimum OA of EEV was 85~90% range and the rpm variation of the drum did not have influence on the COP and superheat.

캠구동식 전자팽창밸브의 구조/유동 해석평가

임동현(Donghyun Lim),신윤혁(Yoonhyuk Shin),박현호(Hyun-Ho Park),고성로(Sung-Ro Go),김성철(Sung Chul Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2015 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

In this study, the electronic expansion valve was developed for air conditioning system of vehicles. The electronic expansion valve exploit cam driving structure for low manufacturing cost and high productivity. The pressure-resistant and flow rate performances was evaluated using numerical analysis. In the results of mechanical analysis, maximum, stresses of the valve model are about 98 MPa and 223 MPa respectively on maximum operation condition and burst pressure condition. Also, The flow rates of CO₂ and R134a according to orifice opening are measurement using flow simulation. The flow rates of the refrigerants were increased by valve opening rate. The maximum flow rates of CO₂ and R134a were about 550 kg/h and 386 kg/h respectively.