A Meta-Analysis for the Impact of Transgenic Crop Adoption on Corn and Soybean Yield

Lee, Sang-Hoon,Lee, Gyeong-Bo,Hwang, Seon-Woong,Kim, Hye-Jin,Chung, Doug-Young Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Although there is a broad dispute over genetically modified foods on safety, the worldwide adoption of transgenic crops is rapidly increasing. The objectives of this study were to identify trends in the effects of transgenic on crop yields and examine the effect of agricultural variables including crop type, biotech trait, tillage system, and yield environment on corn and soybean yield. A meta-analysis from the 34 peer-reviewed scientific literatures was conducted to compare the crop yield between transgenic crops and conventional varieties. Results showed that the yield of transgenic corn and soybean was strongly dependent on growing conditions. Transgenic hybrids had higher yield potential in the low crop yield environments such as high weeds and/or insect infestation, low soil water, and cool temperature conditions, while transgenic crops did not have yield advantages in high yield environments. The results from this study suggest that producers should consider the potential yield environmental conditions and possible yield reductions when producers choose crop hybrids in their fields.

A Meta-Analysis for the Impact of Transgenic Crop Adoption on Corn and Soybean Yield

Sang-Hoon Lee,Gyeong-Bo Lee,Seon-Woong Hwang,Hye-Jin Kim,Doug-Young Chung 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Although there is a broad dispute over genetically modified foods on safety, the worldwide adoption of transgenic crops is rapidly increasing. The objectives of this study were to identify trends in the effects of transgenic on crop yields and examine the effect of agricultural variables including crop type, biotech trait, tillage system, and yield environment on corn and soybean yield. A meta-analysis from the 34 peer-reviewed scientific literatures was conducted to compare the crop yield between transgenic crops and conventional varieties. Results showed that the yield of transgenic corn and soybean was strongly dependent on growing conditions. Transgenic hybrids had higher yield potential in the low crop yield environments such as high weeds and/or insect infestation, low soil water, and cool temperature conditions, while transgenic crops did not have yield advantages in high yield environments. The results from this study suggest that producers should consider the potential yield environmental conditions and possible yield reductions when producers choose crop hybrids in their fields.

A Meta-Analysis for the Impact of Transgenic Crop Adoption on Corn and Soybean Yield

이상훈,이경보,황선웅,김혜진,정덕영 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Although there is a broad dispute over genetically modified foods on safety, the worldwide adoption of transgenic crops is rapidly increasing. The objectives of this study were to identify trends in the effects of transgenic on crop yields and examine the effect of agricultural variables including crop type, biotech trait,tillage system, and yield environment on corn and soybean yield. A meta-analysis from the 34 peer-reviewed scientific literatures was conducted to compare the crop yield between transgenic crops and conventional varieties. Results showed that the yield of transgenic corn and soybean was strongly dependent on growing conditions. Transgenic hybrids had higher yield potential in the low crop yield environments such as high weeds and/or insect infestation, low soil water, and cool temperature conditions, while transgenic crops did not have yield advantages in high yield environments. The results from this study suggest that producers should consider the potential yield environmental conditions and possible yield reductions when producers choose crop hybrids in their fields.

Automatic Yield Mapping of Chinese Cabbage and White Radish using Crop Identification Algorithm with UAV RGB Images

( Dong-wook Kim ),( Gyujin Jang ),( Hak-jin Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2

On-site monitoring of crop growth throughout the growing season plays an important role in assessing overall crop conditions, determining when to irrigate, and forecasting potential yields. Conventional crop monitoring methods, involving manual sampling and laboratory analysis, are time consuming and labor-intensive, thereby requiring fast measurements with a high sampling intensity. In our previous studies, both mathematical modeling based on ExG-based vegetation fraction (VF) and SfM-estimated plant height (PH), and validation testing of the developed models were conducted as a means of measuring various biophysical properties of Chinese cabbage and white radish using UAV-RGB imagery. This study reports on automatic temporal and spatial yield mapping and kriging of the two different crops grown in a farmer’s field using crop automatic identification algorithms. Remotely sensed RGB images were collected on an approximately 1-week interval from September 2017 to November 2017 using an UAV platform flying at 2 m/s at 20 m AGL. In this study, an image preprocessing algorithm that could automatically perform yield mapping of the two crops was developed by applying a technique of identifying the center of each crop in RGB images. As a result, fresh weight maps and kriging of Chinese cabbage and white radish were automatically generated that effectively showed temporal and spatial variability in their growth status. Spatial yield mapping can be automatically performed on the desired date for all growth parameters. This indicates that yield maps generated using the UAV RGB images in conjunction with the developed prediction models could be used to evaluate the potential yields of the two crops prior to harvest.

Screen of Green Manure Crops for Cultivation on Agricultural Land with Spring Season in the Central Regions of Korea

Cho, Hyeon-Suk,Seo, Myung-Chul,Kim, Jun-Hwan,Sang, Wan-gyu,Shin, Pyeong,Lee, Geon Hwi 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have $5tonha^{-1}$ or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

남부지역 논에서 토양의 이화학적 특성 및 벼의 생산성과 미질 향상을 위한 이탈리안 라이그라스-벼 이모작 작부체계의 적용

오서영,오성환,서종호,최지수,Oh, Seo Young,Oh, Seong Hwan,Seo, Jong Ho,Choi, Jisu 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.8

The physicochemical properties of soil and the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sailmi) were assessed using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Kowinearly)-rice double cropping systems in the paddy fields at Goseong and Miryang in southern Korea. The average temperatures during the ripening period were approximately 1 ℃ higher than the optimal temperature for rice ripening and the sunshine duration was reduced by frequent rainfall. Consequently, it was slightly below the optimal conditions required for rice ripening. In the soil at Goseong, winter Italian ryegrass cropping increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen (T-N), available P₂O₅, K, Ca, and Mg than winter fallowing. Particularly, the contents of T-N and available P₂O₅increased significantly. In the soil at Miryang, Italian ryegrass slightly increased the electrical conductivity and the T-N, Mg, and Na contents. Therefore, winter Italian ryegrass cropping improved the physicochemical properties of paddy soils; however, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly reduced the culm length at both Goseong and Miryang, without markedly changing the panicle length or number compared to fallow-rice cropping. Furthermore, at Goseong, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly decreased the spikelet number and milled rice yield, and increased the ripened grain rate; however, at Miryang, contrasting results were observed. In addition, fallow-rice cropping revealed no differences in the head rice or opaque rice rates. The protein content was slightly increased in Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping, without significant changes in the amylose content or Toyo value, compared to that in fallow-rice cropping. The peak and breakdown viscosities were slightly decreased. These results indicate that winter Italian ryegrass cropping might alter rice taste but may not exhibit remarkable negative effects on rice cultivation. Therefore, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping system is recommended for paddy fields in southern Korea. Nevertheless, to increase the rice yield and quality, fertilization standards for rice cropping that consider the changes in the T-N and organic matter contents in paddy fields caused by winter Italian ryegrass cropping need to be established.

Screen of Green Manure Crops for Cultivation on Agricultural Land with Spring Season in the Central Regions of Korea

조현숙,서명철,김준환,상완규,신평,이건휘 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have 5 ton ha-1 or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

식량생산능력 향상을 위한 농작물 육종전략

김광호(Kim Gwang Ho),김석동(Kim Seok Dong),박문웅(Park Mun Ung),문헌팔(Mun Heon Pal) 한국작물학회 1999 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.-

Self-sufficiency ratio of food crops in Korea is estimated under 20% in 2010 because total food consumption including feed will be increased. but food grain production will be decreased. It is necessary to maintain the optimum level of food self-sufficiency rate to secure national food demand/supply balance and non-trade and multiple function of agriculture in Korea. It will be possible to produce more food grains having the acceptable quality if the appropriate policy and cropping techniques are developed and practised in future. Breeding for high yielding varieties should be the first target to raise the production potential of food crops . Number of varieties developed during last 30 years is counted as 353 in food crops. New varieties developed in 1990s showed the higher yield potential and the improved agronomic characteristics compared with 1970s and 1980s varieties. But number of varieties planted on the farmer s field over 5% of national planting area is less than one third of total varieties developed Breeding efforts to maintain planting area of main food crops should be focussed on consumer s demand and farmer s need. They are the best quality variety in each field of crop utilization, the newly designed variety adapting to changes of natural, rural and cropping environment, and the higher yielding variety. It is also needed to develop new quality crop varieties for inducing more consumption of crop grain produced in Korea for direct food or processing. Development of barley varieties for animal feed. high income soybean varieties, high quality wheat variety. and super yielding rice and barley varieties are also needed to keep or maximize national food production potential. In order to establish the appropriate cropping technique for domestic food security, the strong and continuous interest and financial support on crop breeding are required, and the inter-disciplinary and inter-institutionary researches should be strengthened for successful crop breeding.

Screen of Green Manure Crops for Cultivation on Agricultural Land with Spring Season in the Central Regions of Korea

Hyeon-Suk Cho,Myung-Chul Seo,Jun-Hwan Kim,Wan-gyu Sang,Pyeong Shin,Geon Hwi Lee 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have 5 ton ha<SUP>-1</SUP> or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

남부지역에서 유기조사료 생산에 적합한 작부체계에 관한 연구

윤세형(Sei Hyung Yoon),김종근(Jong Geun Kim),정의수(Eui Soo Jeong),임영철(Young Cheol Lim) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 시험은 유기조사료 생산에 적합한 동ㆍ하계 사료작물을 선정하고, 이를 통한 지역별 유기조사료 생산을 위한 적정 작부체계를 선발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 관행재배 조건과 유기재배 조건에서의 사료작물별 생육특성의 차이는 하계사료작물에서 현저하게 나타났다. 즉 사료용 옥수수는 잡초 발생으로 생육이 억제되어 관행재배에 비해 현저한 수량감소를 나타낸 반면 수수×수단그라스 교잡종은 잡초 발생이 없어 관행 옥수수 대비 높은 수량을 나타내었다. 동계사료작물은 관행재배와 유기재배에 의한 차이는 크지 않았고, 호밀과 이탈리안 라이그라스 두 작물간 건물생산성 측면에서는 호밀이 약간 우세하였으나, 사료가치를 고려한 가소화영양소 총량에서는 이탈리안 라이그라스가 우수하였다. 그러나 그 차이는 크지 않아 남부지역에서는 호밀과 이탈리안 라이그라스 모두 유기조사료 생산에 적합한 동계사료작물로 판명되었다. 본 시험의 결과를 종합적으로 고려한 남부지역에서 유기조사료 생산을 위한 최적 작부체계는 수수×수단그라스 교잡종과 호밀 혹은 수수×수단그라스 교잡종과 이탈리안 라이그라스라 할 수 있다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the selection of regional double cropping system for production of organic forage in southern region of Korea. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were com, sorghum×sudangrass hybrid and japanese millet for summer crops and rye and Italian ryegrass for winter crops. In organic cultivation condition, sorghum×sudangrass hybrid showed higher DM(dry matter) and TDN(total digestible nutrient) yield than that of com. Dry matter yield of com which cultivated in organic condition decreased to about 35% that of control because of weed. In winter crops, DM and TDN yield of rye is similar to that of Italian ryegrass. We could not find out the difference of nutrient value between each treatments. It means that the amount of nutrient is affected by DM productivity of each crop. The result of this study indicated that sorghum×sudangrass hybrid (summer crop) and rye (winter crop), sorghum×sudangrass hybrid (summer crop) and Italian ryegrass (winter crop) cropping system could be recommended as producing high yield of organic forage in southern region of Korea.