교합력, 교근과 두개안면골 형태의 관계 : 두부규격방사선사진과 초음파진단영상 분석

이미숙,최영철,최성철,김광철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

교합력과 교근의 두께 및 면적 그리고 두개안변골 형태 간의 연관성을 평가하고자 하였다. 성인 141명의 교합력 측정,측방 및 후전방 두부규격방사선사진 그리고 교근 표층의 초음파진단영상을 촬영한 후, 이들 간의 관계를 통계분석으로 비교,평가하였다. 교합력과 두개안면골의 형태간에는 남녀 모두 유의한 상관관계가 있으며,교합력과 교근 간에는 남녀 모두 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 그러나 교근은 남자의 두개안면골 형태에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였고, 특히 교근의 두께 및 면적이 증가할수록 상악너비가 유의하게 감소하게 나타났다. 이는 남자의 교합력은 심층 교근과 관계가 크고,여자의 교합력은 표층 교근과 관계가 큰 것이 원인으로 판단된다. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between bite force, masseter muscle and craniofacial morphology. 141 individuals were included. Bite forces were measured with a bite force transducer(SKT 2004). The facial morphology of the samples was evaluated on the Lateral and PA cephalometric radiographs(Asahi CX-90 SP). Ultrasonographic images were obtained for 36 individuals (Logiq 500). General status of the subjects were also measured for investigating possible relationships. Their relationships were analyzed by means of t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis, In conclusion, bite force of molar was significantly correlated with craniofacial morphology for males and females, but not to masseter muscles. The masseter muscle for males had a significant correlation with craniofacial morphology. The unexpected negative correlations between size of masseter muscle and maxillary width was revealed for males. One possible way to arrive at a plausible explanation for the correlation between masster muscle, bite force and craniofacial morphology of males were the deep layer of masseter muscle had a great influence on males and the superficial layer of masseter muscle had a great influence on females.

측모 두부 방사선 계측 사진에서 안면골의 예상 성장량과 실제 성장량의 비교

서진건,이희철 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

이 연구는 측모 추부 방사선 계측 사진을 이용하여 성장 중인 아동의 두개 안면 부위에서의 성장과 발육에 대하여 양과 방향을 예측할 수 있는 Ricketts의 방법에 따라서 예상한 값과 실측치를 비교하고 분석하여, 그 예측의 정확성을 확인하고자 시행하였다. 특이한 질환이 없는 정상 아동과 안면 부위의 골격적인 부조화나 치열의 부정교합이 있더라도 치료를 받은 적이 없는 6세에서 16세(평균 12.3세) 사이의 아동 54명(남자 25명, 여자 29명)을 대상으로 각각 측모 두부 방사선 계측사진을 촬영하였고, 계측하여 초기 계측치로 이용하였다. 9개월에서 48개월(평균 19.8개월) 후의 악안면 부위의 예상치를 Ricketts의 방법에 따라서 구했다. 각 대상에서 동일 기간이 경과한 후에 촬영한 두 번째 측모 두부 방사선 사진을 계측하였다. 이 실측치를 예상치와 비교하였다. 각 항목들을 전체적으로 비교하고, 성, 골격적인 특성, 연령, 예상 및 관찰 기간에 따른 군별로 각각 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연구 대상 전체에서 비교한 19개의 예측 항목 중에서 9개의 항목이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 일치하는 것으로 나타났고, 10개의 항목이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 일치하지 않은 10개 항목 중 5개 항목이 치아 및 치열에 관한 예측 항목이었다. 전반적으로 치아 및 치열에 관한 예측은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 2. 남자 군에서 13개의 항목, 여자 군에서 10개의 항목이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 남자 군에서 6개의 예측 항목, 여자군에서 9개의 항목이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 제1급 또는 제3급 부정 교합 군보다 상악이 상대적으로 과성장한다고 보여지는 제2급 부정 교합 군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 일치하는 항목이 많았다. 전반적으로 하악의 성장 양상을 나타낸다고 보여지는 항목에 비하여 상악의 성장 양상을 나타낸다고 보여지는 항목에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 일치하는 항목이 많았다. 4. 13세 이전의 연령 군보다 14세 이후의 연령 군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 일치하는 항목이 많았다. 5. 13개월에서 24개월까지의 예측 기간 군보다 12개월 이하의 예측 기간 군과 25개월 이상의 예측 기간 군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 일치하는 항목이 많았다. This study was intended to compare and analyze the predicted growth by Ricketts' method, which forecasts amount and directions of craniofacial development on the lateral cephalometrics, comparing with real growth in growing children. A group of 54 children (25 males and 29 feamles) with no orthodontic treatment or under normal growing, age from 6 to 16(mean 12.3) were randomly selected for this study. The first lateral cephalometrics were taken and analyzed. After the analysis of the first cephalometrics, using these resultant values, growth prediction of craniomaxillofacial region uras performed by Ricketts' method within 9 to 48 months(average 19 months) interval. After same interval, second lateral cephalometrics were taken and analyzed. The prediction values were compared with the results of second film analysis. The results were compared entirely and divided into sex. skeletal characteristics, age and prediction term groups. This study, the results were as follows : 1.All 19 measurements were compared, 9 measurements showed no statistical significant difference, but 10 measurements sowed statistical significant difference. The latter included 5 measurements concerning tooth and denture pattern. There was statistical significance to forecast tooth or denture pattern generally. 2.13 measurements in male group and 10 measurements in female group showed no statistical significant difference, but 6 measurements in male group and 9 measurements in female group showed statistical significant difference. 3.There was statistical significant difference in the class I and III malocclusion groups more than in the class II malocclusion group with tendency to overgrowth of maxilla. The gorwth pattern of mandible was statistical significant difference more than the growth pattern of maxilla. 4.There was statistical significant difference in aged under 13 group more than in aged over 14 group. 5.There was statistically significant difference in observation period between 13 and 24 months more than observation period under 12 months and over 25 months.

Comparison of cephalometric norms between Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles

Ji-Hwan Kim(김지환),Odontuya Gansukh,Bazar Amarsaikhan,Shin-Jae Lee(이신재),Tae-Woo Kim(김태우) 대한치과교정학회 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.1

현재까지 몽골인의 측모두부계측방사선학적 기준치가 문헌 상으로 보고된 바가 없었던 바, 본 연구의 목적은 정상교합과 조화로운 측모를 가진 몽골인을 선별하여 측모두부계 측방사선학적 기준치를 제시하고, 이를 같은 기준으로 선별한 한국인의 기준치와 비교하는 것이다. 조화로운 측모를 가진 74명의 몽골인(남자 35명, 여자 39명)과 95명의 한국인(남자 52명, 여자 43명) 성인 정상교합자들의 측모두부계측 방사선 사진을 채득하였다. 이들은 해당 민족과 국적의 교정 의사들의 평가로 선별되었다. 40개의 계측치에 대하여 민족별, 성별 평균 및 표준편차를 산출한 후, 그 차이를 ananlysis of covariance (ANCOVA)로 검정하였다. 조화로운 측모를 가진 몽골인과 한국인 남녀 성인 정상교합자의 측모두부 방사선학적 기준치를 얻었다. 골격성 선 계측치와 수직적 골격 관계에서 성별 간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 몽골인은 한국인에 비하여 짧은 전안면 고경, 돌출된 이부, 설측경사된 상악 전치를 나타내었으나, 대부분의 계측치 간 평균 차이가 적어 임상적 의미는 적었다. 몽골인과 한국인 성인 환자의 교정치료를 위한 진단과 치료계획 시에 유사한 기준을 적용할 수 있을 것이라고 생각되었다. Objective: The purposes of this study were to establish cephalometric norms of Mongolian adults, which have not previously been reported in orthodontic journals, and to compare them with cephalometric norms of Korean adults. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 74 Mongolian adults (35 men, 39 women) and 95 Korean adults (52 men, 43 women) with normal occlusions and well-balanced lateral profiles were obtained. The subjects were chosen by orthodontists of the same ethnic background. Forty craniofacial variables were measured, and groups were compared by analysis of covariance. Results: The cephalometric norms for male and female Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced lateral profiles were established. Sexual dimorphism was found in linear skeletal measurements and vertical skeletal relationships. Compared with Korean adults, Mongolian adults had shorter anterior facial height, more prominent chins, and more upright upper incisors. There were few differences in soft tissue measurements. The differences were statistically significant, but their clinical importance may be limited. Conclusions: Cephalometric differences can be considered, but little difference may exist in the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning of Mongolian and Korean adults. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(1):42-50)

New three-dimensional cephalometric analyses among adults with a skeletal Class I pattern and normal occlusion

Bayome, Mohamed,Park, Jae Hyun,Kook, Yoon-Ah The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess new three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric variables, and to evaluate the relationships among skeletal and dentoalveolar variables through 3D cephalometric analysis. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired from 38 young adults (18 men and 20 women; $22.6{\pm}3.2$ years) with normal occlusion. Thirty-five landmarks were digitized on the 3D-rendered views. Several measurements were obtained for selected landmarks. Correlations among different variables were calculated by means of Pearson's correlation coefficient values. Results: The body of the mandible had a longer curve length in men ($102.3{\pm}4.4$ mm) than in women ($94.5{\pm}4.7$ mm) (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the maxillary basal curve length. Men had significantly larger facial dimensions, whereas women had a larger gonial angle ($117.0{\pm}4.0$ vs. $113.8{\pm}3.3$; p < 0.001). Strong-to-moderate correlation values were found among the vertical and transverse variables (r = 0.71 to 0.51). Conclusions: The normative values of new 3D cephalometric parameters, including the maxillary and mandibular curve length, were obtained. Strong-to-moderate correlation values were found among several vertical and transverse variables through 3D cephalometric analysis. This method of cephalometric analyses can be useful in diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with dentofacial deformities.

New three-dimensional cephalometric analyses among adults with a skeletal Class I pattern and normal occlusion

Mohamed Bayome,Jae Hyun Park,Yoon-Ah Kook 대한치과교정학회 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess new three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric variables, and to evaluate the relationships among skeletal and dentoalveolar variables through 3D cephalometric analysis. Methods: Conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired from 38 young adults (18 men and 20 women; 22.6 ± 3.2 years) with normal occlusion. Thirty-five landmarks were digitized on the 3D-rendered views. Several measurements were obtained for selected landmarks. Correlations among different variables were calculated by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient values. Results: The body of the mandible had a longer curve length in men (102.3 ± 4.4 mm) than in women (94.5 ± 4.7 mm) (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the maxillary basal curve length. Men had significantly larger facial dimensions, whereas women had a larger gonial angle (117.0 ± 4.0 vs. 113.8 ± 3.3; p < 0.001). Strong-to-moderate correlation values were found among the vertical and transverse variables (r = 0.71 to 0.51). Conclusions: The normative values of new 3D cephalometric parameters, including the maxillary and mandibular curve length, were obtained. Strong-to-moderate correlation values were found among several vertical and transverse variables through 3D cephalometric analysis. This method of cephalometric analyses can be useful in diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with dentofacial deformities.

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography cephalometric measurements using a midsagittal projection and conventional two-dimensional cephalometric measurements

Pil-Kyo Jung,Gung-Chol Lee,Cheol-Hyun Moon 대한치과교정학회 2015 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.45 No.6

Objective: This study investigated whether it is possible to use a twodimensional (2D) standard in three-dimensional (3D) analysis, by comparing the angles and lengths measured from a midsagittal projection in 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with those measured by 2D lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR). Methods: Fifty patients who underwent both LCR and CBCT were selected as subjects. CBCT was reoriented in 3 different methods and the measuring-points were projected onto the midsagittal plane. Twelve angle values and 8 length values were measured on both LCR and CBCT and compared. Results: Repeated measures analysis of the variance revealed statistically significant differences in 7 angular and 5 linear measurements among LCR and 3 types of CBCT (p < 0.05). Of these 12 measurements, multiple comparisons showed that 6 measurements (ANB, AB to FH, IMPA, FMA, Co-Gn, Go-Me) were not significantly different in pairwise comparisons. LCR was significantly different from 3 types of CBCT in 3 angular (SN to FH, interincisal angle, FMIA) and 2 linear (S-Go, Co-ANS) measurements. The CBCT method was similar for all measurements, except for 1 linear measurement, i.e., S-N. However, the disparity between the mean values for all parameters was within the range of clinical measurement error. Conclusions: 3D-CBCT analysis, using midsagittal projection, is a useful method in which the 2D-LCR normative values can be used. Although the measurements changed with reorientation, these changes were not clinically significant.

Relationship between vertical components of maxillary molar and craniofacial frame in normal occlusion: Cephalometric calibration on the vertical axis of coordinates

Han, Ah-Reum,Kim, Jongtae,Yang, Il-Hyung The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2021 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the vertical position of maxillary first molar and vertical skeletal measurements in lateral cephalograms by using new linear measurements on the vertical axis of coordinates with calibration. Methods: The vertical position of maxillary first molar (U6-SN), and the conventionally used variables (ConV) and the newly derived linear variables (NwLin) for vertical skeletal patterns were measured in the lateral cephalograms of 103 Korean adults with normal occlusions. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with and without calibration using the anterior and posterior cranial base (ACB and PCB, respectively) lengths to identify variables related to U6-SN. Results: The PCB-calibrated statistics showed the best power of explanation. ConV indicating skeletal hyperdivergency was significantly correlated with U6-SN. Six NwLin regarding the position of palatal plane were positively correlated with U6-SN. Each multiple linear regression analysis generated a two-variable model: sella and nasion to palatal plane. Among the three models, the PCB-calibrated model yielded highest adjusted R2 value, 0.880. Conclusions: U6-SN could be determined by the vertical position of the maxilla, which could then be used to plan the amount of molar intrusion and estimate its clinical stability. Cephalometric calibration on the vertical axis of coordinates by using PCB for vertical linear measurements could strengthen the analysis itself.

成長에 따른 頭蓋顔面骨 變化에 대한 頭部放射線計測學的 硏究 分析

정전은,박승하 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.5

There is a change of the growth pattern an growth rate of human craniofacial bone with aging. The three dimensional growth of each bone is influenced by their growth center. By the same token, the gross morphology may change as the bony skeleton changes. In this study, we studied the cephalometric films of young Korean male with age range from 7 to 16 years. And then, the data were compared to those from the adult group. The results are as followings; 1. We are presenting the data of the height, depth, width, and cephalometric angles of the craniofacial skeleton in each age. 2. The facial bony growth is slower than the cranial bone growth in each direction. The growth rate of the facial bone by depth, width, and height is faster than that of cranial bone with aging. 3. The horizontal growth of the mandible is slower than that of the maxilla and the cranium. 4. The proportional ratio of the upper face to lower one is constant regardless of the age. The ratio was 43:57. 5. The SNA and SNB angles are slightly increased with aging, but ANB angle is reduced with aging. 6. As the SN-MP and Pal-MP angles are reduced with aging, so as the opening of the mandibular plane to the cranial bone. Although there is a increment of posterior mandibular height, the position of the mandibular symphysis is constant regardless of the age.

A scoping review of cephalometric normative data in children

Tuan Khang Nguyen,Akanksha Cambala,Manuela Hrit,Elizabeth A. Zimmermann 대한치과교정학회 2024 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.54 No.4

Objective: Understanding the orofacial characteristics and growth patterns in children is essential for both orthodontics and research on children with orofacial abnormalities. However, a concise resource of normative data on the size and relative position of these structures in different populations is not available. Our objective was to aggregate normative data to assess the growth of the orofacial skeletal structures in children with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on cephalometric measurement of skeletal tissues and a study population ≤ 18 years with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion. Key study parameters were extracted, and knowledge was synthesized. A quality appraisal was performed using a 10-point scale. Results: The final selection comprised of 12 longitudinal and 33 cross-sectional studies, the quality of which ranged from good to excellent. Our results showed that from childhood to adulthood, the length of the cranial base increased significantly while the cranial base angle remained constant; both the maxilla and mandible moved forward and downward. The profile becomes straighter with age. Conclusions: Growth patterns in children with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion follow accepted theories of growth.

Evaluation of cephalometric characteristics and skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist in girls with central precocious puberty

Sung-Tae Kang,최성환,김경호,황충주 대한치과교정학회 2020 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in cephalometric characteristics and skeletal maturation in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) via lateral and hand-wrist radiographs. We also aimed to identify the indicators that are most effective for determining skeletal maturity in these patients. Methods: The study included 70 Korean girls (mean age, 8.5 ± 0.5 years) diagnosed with CPP at the Department of Pediatrics, and 48 normal healthy age-matched girls who visited the Department of Orthodontics and had no history of hormone treatment or growth problems. Skeletal maturation was evaluated using lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs using cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) and skeletal maturity indicators (SMI). Results: The mean mandibular plane angle was smaller in the CPP group than in the control group (35.8o ± 4.9o vs. 39.0o ± 6.5o), resulting in greater posterior facial height (p = 0.003). SMI was significantly greater in the CPP group (3.5 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0) than in the control group (p = 0.001) and was significantly associated with CPP (r = 0.492; p = 0.001), whereas CVMI was not. Conclusions: In comparison with the control group, the CPP group exhibited a smaller mandibular plane angle, greater posterior facial height, and greater skeletal maturation. SMI may be more suitable than CVMI for determining skeletal maturation in CPP. Hand-wrist radiography is recommended in addition to lateral cephalogram for predicting growth in girls with CPP.