금주행위 변화단계별 변화과정, 의사결정 균형 및 자기효능감의 관계

황춘옥,최봉실 알코올과 건강행동학회 2020 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.21 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationships between processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy by stages of change in abstinence behavior among users of community addiction management centers in Korea. Based on the findings, it also aimed to provide basic data to develop effective recovery support programs for community addiction management centers and establish addiction prevention policies. Methods: The subjects of this study are 141 users aged 20 or older who are registered under the Community Addiction Management Center of S-gu in G City. Data were collected using self-report surveys on stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy for alcohol abstinence. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: In terms of the distribution of stages of change in abstinence, 57.5% fell under the maintenance stage, and the processes of change by stages of change showed that those in the maintenance stage had higher scores than those in the precontemplation stage. The scores of cognitive processes were higher at the beginning stages, and the scores of behavioral processes were higher at later stages. The decisional balance of alcohol abstinence showed high levels of awareness of the damages from drinking, and there were significant differences in abstinence self-efficacy by stages of change. Positive correlations were found between stages of change and self-efficacy. For processes of change of alcohol abstinence, the cognitive processes showed positive correlations with the behavioral processes and the decisional balance loss factor, and the behavioral processes had positive correlations with the decisional balance loss factor. In terms of the decisional balance, the benefit factor had negative correlations with self-efficacy. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish strategies on processes of change by considering stages of change in abstinence by users, and develop local community-based alcoholic intervention programs that emphasize the harmfulness of drinking and reinforce self-efficacy. Furthermore, there should be political support to develop such programs and strategies.

노인운동의 변화단계에 따른 변화과정에 관한 연구

전영자 ( Chun Young Ja ),김소인 ( Kim So In ),이평숙 ( Lee Pyoung Sook ),김순용 ( Kim Soon Yong ),이숙자 ( Lee Sook Ja ),박은숙 ( Park Eun Sook ),장성옥 ( Chang Sung Ok ) 한국간호과학회 2000 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that change exercise behave. This study will also classify and identify the characteristics of excercise stages to which the elderly belong Also, to identify the processes of change which influence on the changes in exercise performed by the elderly. Methods: Convenient samples of 198 subjects over the age 60 in Seoul Korea(mean age=70) were selected from elderly communities and were all mentally conpetant older adults. The data were collected from April 1,1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instruments were measured the change in exercise (Marcus et al., 1992b), such as Stage of Change measure(Marcus et al,1992a). The data were analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to the measure of change without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed each stage of change for exercise: 50 subjects (26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects (27.2%), 4 subjects (2%), and 78 (40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage, the preparation stage, the action stage and the maintenace stage. 2. According to the factor analysis, 6 factors of change were identified as appropriate processes of change and were named by the researchers. The names were; 'Supportive helping relationship', 'Self cognitive determination', 'Environmental reinforcement', Consciousness raising', Reinforcement of negative condition and 'Conversion of negative condition'. 3. According to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the 'Supportive helping relationship (F=22.04, p=.0001)', 'Self cognitive determination (F=50.87, p=.0001)', 'Reinforcement of negative condition (F=7.84, p=.0006)'. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that Self cognitive determination is the most influential variable as one of the processes of change which can discrimiate the three stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Also the next significant variable was Reinforcement of negative condition. Conclusion: The process of the dey change is one of concepts of The transtheoretical model known as strategies and the techniques people use as they go through the different stages of change. Even though this study is cross-sectional not longitudinal study, the finding of this study gives useful information for exercise intervention, by using this strategy of exercise for elderly in different stages of change in exercise.

사티어 변형체계치료를 경험한 내담자의 변화과정 연구

고영수 한국가족치료학회 2015 가족과 가족치료 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: This study focuses on the change process of clients who have experienced the Satir transformational systemic therapy. The purpose of this study is to trace the clients' change process and to understand the content and structure of each stage of change with focus on intrapsychic change. Methods: The study used a qualitative methodology. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews on 12 clients who have experienced the Satir transformational systemic therapy. Collected data was qualitatively analyzed using the grounded theory. Results: The process of change is comprised of 7 stages: first, a stagnant state; second, reflection on “I”; third, recognition of “I” influenced by the past; fourth, reconciliation with “I”; fifth, restoration of “self”; sixth, expansion of “I”; and seventh, a new state of homeostasis. Such process of change normally moves in a cycle, repeats, and accumulates while progressing to a new state of homeostasis. In this process, negative emotions, perceptual system, and expectations all influence each other, ultimately fulfilling our desires. Then, there is a change in "self," i.e., a transformation. Third, the change in the participants is the experience of an entire iceberg and occurs systematically in all parts of the iceberg. Fourth, an individual change takes precedence over a change of system. In the individual change, intrapsycgic change occurs first and the behavior pattern on different situations change afterwards. Conclusions: The study is significant as it shows the clients' change process stage by stage and displays each stage's intrapsychic contents and their structures in detail, which would help family therpiasts in making professional interventions. 본 연구는 사티어 변형체계치료 방법론을 경험한 내담자의 변화과정에 대한 연구로서 심리내적 변화에 초점을 맞춘 과정연구이다. 이러한 과정을 탐색하기 위하여 본 연구는 질적연구 방법론을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 자료 수집을 위하여 사티어 변형체계치료를 경험한 12명의 내담자를 심층면접하여 원 자료를 생성하였다. 수집된 자료는 근거이론을 활용한 질적 분석과정을 거쳤다. 본 연구의 목적은 내담자들이 경험한 변화과정을 추적하고, 내담자의 총체적 변화과정 중 심리내적 변화에 초점을 맞추어 각 단계의 변화 내용과 구조를 알아보는 데에 있다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변화의 과정은 7단계로, 1. 정체 상태, 2. ‘나(I)’를 돌아보기, 3. 과거의 영향을 받고 있는 ‘나(I)’를 자각하기, 4 ‘나(I)’와 화해하기, 5. ‘자기(self)’를 회복하기, 6. ‘나(I)’를 확장하기, 7. 새로운 항상성 상태로 나눌 수 있다. 이 과정이 순환, 반복, 축적되면서 변화가 이루어진다. 둘째, 이러한 변화과정은 순환, 반복, 축적되면서 새로운 항상성으로 나아가는데 이 과정에서 부정적인 감정과 지각체계, 기대가 서로 영향을 주면서 변화하여 궁극적으로는 열망이 채워지고 ‘자기(self)’ 차원의 변화 즉 변형(transformation)이 일어남을 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 연구 참여자들의 변화는 빙산 전체의 경험으로서 빙산의 모든 부분에서 체계적으로 이루어진다. 넷째, 체계의 변화 이전에 개인의 변화가 우선되는데, 개인의 변화는 심리내면이 먼저 변화하고 이후 상황에 대한 행동방식이 변화됨을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 내담자의 변화과정을 단계별로 보여주고, 각 단계의 심리내적 내용과 구조를 보다 구체적으로 보여줌으로써 가족치료 임상가들의 전문적인 개입에 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

일부 근로자의 운동행위 변화단계에 영향을 미치는 요인

서기순(Gi-Soon Seo),이동배(Dong-Bae Lee) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2006 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objective: This study was performed to identify the related factors of change affecting the stage of change, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of workers. Method: The subjects of the study consisted of 138 workers of 10 workplaces located in Daejeon City, and data collected by using questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 11.5 program. Results: The subjects were distributed in the stage of exercise behavior change as follows: precontemplation stage(10.9%), contemplation stage(22.5%), preparation stage(41.3%), action stage(8.7%), and maintenance stage(16.7%). Of the process of change depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, the consciousness raising(F=I1.50, p=.00), dramatic relief(F=2.82, p=.02) showed significant difference in the cognitive process, and the counter conditioning(F=4.56, p=.00), reinforcement management(F=4.64, p=.00), self-liberation(F=9.46, p=.00), and stimulus control(F=13.28, p=.00) showed significant difference in the behavioral process. For decision-making depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, both the pros of decision-making(F=9.23, p=.00) and the cons of decision-making(F=2.45, p=.04) showed significant difference. Self-efficacy depending on the stage of exercise behavior change showed significant difference as F=11.50, p=.00. The related factors of change affecting the stage of exercise behavior change were the pros of decision-making, the cons of decision-making, and self-efficacy including 34.1% R-square. Conclusion: In order to change the exercise behavior of workers positively, they need to be stimulated to use the cognitive and behavioral process in the process of change properly, and to be induced to make a decision positively. And also exercise programs suitable to various characteristics of each worker as well as those of workplaces to enhance self-efficacy need to be applied after being devised. Through the further longitudinal research, it is necessary to analyze the various aspects, such as groups to select, to maintain, to stop or give up the exercise, and to avoid the change, and to study how the related factors of change affect diversity like the above.

노인들의 연령 및 운동변화단계에 따른 운동행동변화과정 분석

남궁완(Gung Wan Nam) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.41

This study is carried out to find out difference in process of change for exercise behavior according to the age and stages of exercise change for old people who are over 65 and subordinate factors of process of change for exercise behavior which are able to distinguish stages of exercise change most. To achieve these objects, we gathered 149 old people and carried out confirmatory factor analysis, verification of reliability, 1-way MANOVA discriminant analysis with standard. As a result, process of change for exercise behavior turned out as four one-dimensional models. We verified the difference in process of change for exercise behavior according to the age with this result as a standard, a group (from 71 to 75 year-old) showed better state in cognitive process as a , self-reevaluation as a one-dimensional variable, and dramatic relief in way of thinking than other groups. Also, two groups of Action stages showed better state in cognitive and behavioral process as a other groups when we verified the difference in process of change for exercise behavior according to stages of exercise change. A group which is in Action stages (around 6 months after starting exercise) and Preparation stage(starting in 1 month) shows better state in all four one-dimensional subordinate factors than other groups which is the lowest proportion in exercising (no plan or starting within 6 months). Lastly, Stimulus control (46%), Helping relationship(92%), and self-reevaluation (4%) are turned out in order as a cause that distinguishes stages of exercise change when we prove the subordinate factors of process of change for exercise behavior which distinguish stages of exercise change most.

장애인의 생활환경과 운동행동변화과정의 관계

오아라 ( Ah Ra Oh ) 한국특수체육학회 2014 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 장애인들을 대상으로 운동행동 변화단계 에 환경이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 장애인을 운동행동 참여단계별로 각 100명씩 총 500명을 목적표집 하였다. 설문조사는 일반적 특성, 생활환경, 운동행동 변화단계, 운동행동 변화과정을 묻는 문항으로 총 28문항을 조사하였다. 자료 분석은 측정도구의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 또한 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 Cronbach`s α를 검증하였다. 연구의 문제를 검증하기 위한 방법으로는 교차분석, 독립-t검증과 일원변량분석을 실시하였고 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 가설검증의 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 이에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애분류에 따른 운동행동 변화단계에서는 지체장애는 계획 전 단계, 시각장애는 준비단계, 청각장애는 행동 단계, 지적장애는 계획단계, 정서장애와 뇌병변은 유지단계, 기타장애는 계획 전 단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 생활환경에 따른 운동행동 변화단계 차이에서는 지인 영역에서 지인이 있는 집단에서는 유지단계, 지인이 없는 집단에서는 계획 전단계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 지도자 영역에서는 전문지도자와 일반지도자에 도움을 받는 집단은 유지단계, 지도자가 없는 경우에는 계획 전 단계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 시설 영역에서는 전용시설을 이용하는 집단은 유지단계, 통합시설을 이용하는 집단은 계획 전 단계, 근린 시설을 이용하는 집단은 준비단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 프로그램 영역에서는 장애인스포츠프로그램에 참여하는 집단에서는 유지단계, 통합스포츠 참여 집단은 계획단계, 프로그램에 참여하지 않고 혼자 운동하는 집단은 준비단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이동수단 영역에서는 도보로 운동하는 장소에 가는 집단은 준비단계, 자가용으로 이동하는 집단은 행동단계, 대중교통과 셔틀버스를 이용하는 집단은 유지단계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 가족 영역에서는 부모의 영향을 받는 집단은 계획단계, 형제의 영향을 받는 집단과 가족의 영향을 받지 않는 집단은 유지단계가 가장 많이 나타났다. 지원기관 영역에서는 복지관에게 지원을 받은 집단은 준비단계, 종목별체육회에서 지원을 받은 집단에서는 유지단계, 시·도체육회에서 지원을 받은 집단은 행동단계, 지원기관에서 지원을 받지 못한 집단에서는 계획 전 단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 생활환경에 따른 운동행동 변화과정차이 분석에서는 지인의 유무, 지도자 유형, 시설 유형, 프로그램유형, 이동수단 유형, 가족 유형, 지원기관 유형 모두는 운동행동 변화과정 하위요인 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 운동행동 변화단계에 따른 운동행동 변화과정의 관계에서는 운동행동 변화단계에 운동행동 변화과정의 모든 하위요인이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate into the environmental effects on Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior. Throughout all the physical activity stage, 500 people with a disability in total were divided in each 100 by purposive sampling. The questionnaire was composed of 28 questions with general characteristic, Life Environment, Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior and Exercise Behavior process of change. The followings were the results of this study in below. First of all, In each type of disability in the change stage, precontemplation was the biggest part within the people with physical disability & other type of disability. preparation was the biggest part within the people with visual impairment and the people with hearing impairment has action as the biggest part. In intellectual disability, contemplation was the biggest part and emotional disability & brain lesions have maintenance as the biggest part. In the change process of physical activity by life environment, the group having acquaintance showed maintenance with the biggest distribution and the group that did not have acquaintance showed precontemplation with the biggest distribution. In the instructor segment, the group having aids from both professional instructor & ordinary instructor had maintenance and the group, on the other hand, that did not have aids from the instructor had precontemplation. In the facility, the group using exclusive facility had maintenance in the biggest part, the group using inclusive facility had preparation in the biggest part and the group using community facility had preparation in the biggest part. In the programme, the group participating in the physical activity programme for people with a disability had maintenance in the biggest part, the group participating in the inclusive physical activity programme with people without a disability had contemplation in the biggest part, and the group did not participate in the physical activity programme had preparation in the biggest part, In the transportation, the group using walks to the place of the physical activity had preparation in the biggest part, the group using vehicles to the place of the physical activity had action in the biggest part, and the group using public transportation system to the place of the physical activity had maintenance in the biggest part. In the family, the group effected by the family had contemplation in the biggest part, the group effected by the siblings had maintenance in the biggest part, and the group that was not effected by family had maintenance in the biggest part. In the supporting organization, the group supported by the community relief had preparation in the biggest part, the group supported by the sports federations had maintenance in the biggest part, the group supported by the local sports community had action in the biggest part and the group that was not supported by any organization had precontemplation in the biggest part. In third as analysis on the difference of Exercise Behavior process of change by life environment of Exercise Behavior process of change. The last, Exercise Behavior process of change was effected by all the subordinate factors of Exercise Behavior process of change in the relation of Exercise Behavior process of change by the Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior.

운동행동단계와 변화의 과정 변인의 관련성

김영호 ( Kim Yeong Ho ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2003 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of the study was to identify the relationships between processes of change construct and adolescents` stages of exercise behavior. A total of 671 adolescents randomly selected from junior high and high schools in Seoul were surveyed. The revised Processes of Change questionnaire was used to predict the effect of processes of change construct on the stages of exercise behavior. Results indicated that significant differences were revealed in use of processes of change constructs through stages of exercise behavior. The use of cognitive and behavioral strategies increased from precontemplation through maintenance. The findings revealed that the processes of change constructs had the statistically significant relationships with stage of exercise behavior change. This study provides useful information about adolescents` exercise behavior and the processes of behavior change relating to it. Especially, the data obtained in this study provides some insights into the physical activity habits and the cognitive and behavioral components of increasing physical activity levels in the Korean adolescent populations.

Conceptual Understanding of the Influences by Climate Change on the Long-Term Evolution of the Surface Environment Components

Nak-Youl Ko,Kyung-Woo Park 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

It can take hundreds of thousands of years for decreasing radiological effects of high-level radioactive wastes to those of natural background radiation. Therefore, long-term time scale should be considered in order to demonstrate performance and safety of deep geological disposal of the radioactive wastes. The changes of surface environment for these long-term time scale can have influence on safety analysis by changing transport path of radionuclides from the radioactive wastes. Changes in climate is considered as one of main factors causing the long-term changes of the surface environment. The own effects and interactions of climate with other components of the geological disposal system are organized in features, events, and processes (FEPs). In this study, some natural processes occurred by changes of climate were suggested and the connectivity between each process is proposed based on the relation of the FEPs concerned with the changes of climate and surface environment. The processes were classified into global and regional/local scales and was analyzed, respectively. Then, the influences of the processes on shallow groundwater and surface water body environment, which might be transport path of radioactive nuclides in local/site scales, were expected. As the proposed connection demonstrate the order or hierarchical relations of the natural processes, it can shows that some output by a certain process may be input of other process connected the former process in numerical simulations for interpreting the processes. If the connection may be considered to be suitable to represent longterm changes of the surface environment, it can be evaluated that the expected scenarios based on the connection is also proper. In addition, it can be helpful in selecting factors to be studied more detailed in terms of climate change for expecting long-term changes in the surface environment by analysis on the input and output data. The results of this study can be used as basic approaches to represent the long-term changes in the surface environment caused by specific natural processes from changes of climate. It will be also helpful for formulating scenarios related to long-term evolution in the surface environment required for performance and safety assessments of the deep geological disposal.

Change and Crisis: An Empirical Analysis of Effect of the Change of Local Government Leader on the Policy Process

Munseop Jeoung, Jae Eun Lee 위기관리 이론과 실천 2020 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the change of the local government leader affects the policy process. This research was performed based on empirical analysis through theoretical research and questionnaire survey. The main research results are as follows. First, the change of local government leaders has a profound effect on the policy process. Second, the more frequently the local government leader was changed, the more the government officials policy changes appeared. Third, the change in policy due to the change of the local government leader was felt stronger as the official level of the official was higher and the education level of the official was higher. Fourth, the more frequent the change of local government leaders, the more cases of major policy changes.

9×2 정책행위유형론을 활용한 정책과정 간 정책산출물의 정책변동 요인 분석: 의약분업정책을 중심으로

양승일 한국행정학회 2019 한국행정학보 Vol.53 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find factors and implications of change in policy output between policy processes using 9×2 policy behavioral type theory, focusing on the separation of the dispensary from medical practice policy. The analysis showed that policy output in the policy-making process derived from maintenance. And the influence factor of maintenance is M-II type. Enforcement policy output in the policy implementation process derived from revision. The influence factor of revision is I-IX type. Finally, the change in policy output between policy processes derived from maintenance-revision type. The 9×2 policy behavioral type theory, which is factors for this, is derived from the M-II type for the policy-making process and the I-IX type for the policy implementation process. These results provide various implications. First, there are greater dynamics in the policy implementation process than in the policy-making process. Second, the policy space is able to exert a greater influence on policy target actors than on policy subject actors. Third, there is a boundary order that clarifies complex policy change phenomena. Fourth, there is a duplicity in the actors, including the profit group. Fifth, policy typology can illuminate complex policy phenomena as logical identities. Sixth, there is has been expanded to range of policy change factor study, etc. 본 연구의 목적은 의약분업정책과정 간 정책산출물의 정책변동, 즉 7가지의 정책변동유형에 영향을 미치는 그 요인을 정책주체행위자와 정책대상행위자의 순응여부를 근거로 결합한 9×2 정책행위유형론을 통해 분석하고, 이를 통해 제 시사점을 조명하는데 있다. 분석결과, 정책결정과정의 정책산출물은 대체조제 허용, 주사제의약분업 포함, 기관분업 지향 등이었고, 정책산출물에 순응입장을 보인 김대중대통령 등의 강한 의지로 인해 산출물은 유지하게 된다. 이러한 요인은 정책산출물에 대해 김대중대통령 등을 위시해서 정책주체행위자가 강한 순응으로 일관했고, 정책대상행위자 역시 의료계가 불응의 입장을 나타냈으나 대학약사회는 순응의입장을 보여, M-II형으로 나타났기 때문이다. 이러한 정책산출물은 시행 정책산출물이 되는데, 대한의사협회를 중심으로 하는 의료계의 불응압박으로 인해 수정의 길에 들어서게 된다. 이러한 요인은 시행 정책산출물에대해 정책집행행위자가 처음에는 순응하였다가 의료계의 압박으로 인해 불응으로 선회하였고, 정책대상행위자의 대한약사회 역시 대세에 포함되는 모습을 보여, I-IX형을 보였기 때문이다. 결국, 정책과정 간 정책산출물의 정책변동은 유지-수정형으로 나타났고, 이에 대한 요인인 9×2 정책행위유형은 정책결정과정의 경우M-II형, 정책집행과정의 경우는 I-IX형으로 도출된 것이다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 한 시사점으로는 첫째, 정책결정과정보다 정책집행과정에서 더 높은 역동성이 나타날 수 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 정책공간은 정책주체행위자보다 정책대상행위자가 더 높은 영향력을 행사할 수 있다는 것이다. 셋째, 복잡한 정책변동현상도 명확하게 해주는 경계적 질서가 있다는 것이다. 넷째, 이익집단을 비롯한 적지 않은 행위자는 이중성을 지니고 있다는 것이다. 다섯째, 정책유형론은 복잡한 정책현상을 논리적 정체성으로 조명할 수 있다는 것이다. 여섯째, 정책변동의 요인연구에 있어서 그 범위를 일정부분 확대하였다는 것 등이다.