들뢰즈의 기관 없는 신체론에 기반한 현대 패션일러스트레이션의 신체특성

이지현(Jee Hyun Lee) 한국복식학회 2011 服飾 Vol.61 No.9

This study focused on the body modification in fashion illustration based on ``Corps sans Organes` of Deleuze. An argument about the changes of ideal body to define the aesthetic consciousness of times has lasted for a long time. Therefore, analyzing body modification in fashion illustration to express the ideal beauty could be effective motives to understand the changes of ideal bodies related with socio-cultural meanings, and be helpful to understand the overall trends of modern fashion illustration. To classify the types of body modification, the concept of ``Corps sans Organes`` of Deleuze was used as an analyzing tool. As the final result, the characteristics of body modification could be divided into three groups; the fragmentation of bodies, the pastiche of bodies, and the abstraction of bodies. First, in the fragmentation of bodies, which is related with flexibility, pluralism, and subjective views on body, the bodies were separated as molecules. Second, the elements of pastiche of bodies could be subdivided into five sub-groups; sex, plants, animals, texts and figure, and machines. The pastiche of bodies was used to extend the limitation of human capabilities and to reinterpret the human identities. Last, the abstraction of bodies based on contingency, indeterminacy, and subjective associations could be related with the nomadic and indefinite body images. The body modification could be considered as the context of nomadism, indeterminacy, and virtuality of modern-times, and it would be the basic data to understand the body modification in fashion illustrations.

인체를 변형시키는 인체장식에 관한 연구

김지연(Kim, Jee Yeon) 한국디자인지식학회 2007 디자인지식저널 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 현대 패션에서 인체를 변형시키는 여러 현상을 살펴보고, 과도한 인체 손상을 예방하여 건전한 디자인 문화를 정착시키는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 연구방법으로 첫째, 인체 변형과 장식의 개념을 고찰하였고 둘째, 인체 변형을 주도하는 장식적인 방법을 고찰하였으며 셋째, 이러한 인체 변형 장식으로 나타날 수 있는 비건강적 요소와 이를 감안할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 결론은 피어싱, 문신은 영구적이 아닌 일시적인 방법으로, 네일 케어는 과도하지 않거나 일시적인 방법으로, 하이힐은 구두의 디자인이나 트렌드를 바꾸는 방향으로, 미용성형수술과 바디빌딩은 미에 대한 인식을 각 개인의 특징을 긍정적인 사고로 바라보는 인식의 전환으로 건강을 해치는 과도한 장식은 지양되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of the study is to find the way to healthy design culture by means of investigating diverse methods from modem fashions to modify human bodies and ways to prevent bodies from physical damages caused by over modification. 1990s is the research time period. This paper concludes as follows: Piercing causes body modification through punching an hole into the body and enlarging it gradually. Tatoo has undermined the general public, but it produces side effects by illegal operations. Nail care modifies through artificial nail treatment, regular removal of cuticle and trimming of nail forms. High heel shoes modifies the form of feet through the sharp head and high heels. Plastic surgery and body building modifies our body into uniformed beauty accompanying mental pressure.

Total Body Modification(TBM) 기법에 관한 고찰

신병철,우영민,Shin, Byung-Cheul,Woo, Young-Min 척추신경추나의학회 2006 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Objectives : To introduce Total Body Modification(TBM) technique system developed by Dr. Victor Frank DC, DO, ND through combining chiropractic manipulation with osteopathy, acupuncture meridian system, and naturopathy based on his long-time clinical experiences and insights. Methods : After investigating the art, philosophy and science of TBM thechnique, and applying TBM practice under private clinical situation, we compared It with Chuna Korean manual medicine and oriental medicine system. Results : This system deals with correcting human body's functional physiology to potentiate in a favorable manner. TBM uses a neuromuscular reflex test and body access meridian points to tap into the body's biocomputer and read functional programs. Corrections are usually made by means of special respiratory spinal adjustment, cranial, soft tissue, or specific joint manipulation. Conclusions : We found similarities between TBM and Chuna system in the view of Korean Traditional meridian concept. The special combinations and sequences of various alarm points and associated points have clinical effects on the treatment of chronic spinal subluxation pattern. This suggests TBM has significance In the point of the future evolution of Chuna manual medicine in Korea.

미술 속의 포스트휴먼 신체와 의학

전혜숙 미술사학연구회 2011 美術史學報 Vol.- No.37

This essay is on the relation of contemporary art with the medicine. Contemporary medical science has transformed our view of the body as never before, dislocating and fragmenting our sense of personal identity, of boundary, scale and time. There are many recent works that represent the reconsidered human body-identities and the ontological crisis of human being, in according to accept medicine, biology, and technology into bodies. These artworks have caught the strange and charmed landscape of human internal bodies through high-tech medical instruments like MRI, CT etc. They put the emphasis on the fact that medical and biological technologies for human enhancement have changed the comprehension and representation about human bodies and human identities. In this essay, I would focus on aspects and problems revealed in the meeting place of medical technology and body-discourses, with the human projects which investigate internal body, or determine the sequence of DNA and the mapping of genes of human genome, like VHP(Visible Human Project) and HGP(Human Genome Project). There are three kinds of ways that artists treat with the problems combined with medical technology, body, and art. First is the using of the visualized internal body images from the convergence of art and IT technology. In these cases, artists usually take strategies of shock from the fragmented and severed bodies in the context of postmodern meaning. Second is the work that artists perform art-scientific but critical-implicated performances with DNA as scientists usually do. Third is the case of treating with the ethical and philosophical issues about persistent changes of human identites. Since 1990s, artists have started to include references to and use of new technology in their works. As contemporary scientists reconfigure and recreate the body at delicate level, so contemporary artists who treat with human bodies are being the biological and scientific attitudes. Biology is similar to photography, video, and computers in that it can be successfully adapted by artists for use as an art medium. But unlike photography or video, biological equipment is not readily available outside research facilities. As a consequence, artists willing to explore the use of biology as an art medium still have to collaborate with scientific laboratories. In this perspective, I dealed with artists like Paul Vanouse, Marc Quinn, Louise Wilson, Marta de Menezes, Sterlac who have used flesh, blood, DNA, and medical body images as art media or materials. Some of their works may have posthuman features mediated by technology or biology, which can be argued in the context of bio-ethics. 미술가들은 어느 시대에나 조각과 회화 혹은 어느 매체로든 몸의 재현에 집중해왔고, 특히 1960년대 이후로 전개되어온 퍼포먼스들은 실존적이든 현상학적인 의미를 지닌 것이든, 아니면 포스트모던적인 파편화되고 정보화된 신체의미든 미술가의 몸 자체를 적극적으로 이용해왔다. 최근 미술에서 인간신체에 대한 관심은 종종 MRI나 CT 같은 단층촬영기술에 의해 가능하게 된 혁신적인 신체 영상기술과 신체엔지니어링에 의존하거나 생명기술이나 의학적 방식에 직접 참여하는 ‘실험과 연구’의 양상을 띠고 있으며, 더 나아가 포스트휴먼이라고 부를 수 있는 생물학적 신체의 변형으로 옮겨가는 경우도 볼 수 있다. 이러한 현상은 최근 20여년 동안 열린 몇 개의 전시들에서도 볼 수 있었다. ≪포스트휴먼(Post Human)≫전(1992)과, 휘트니미술관의 ≪낯선 신체(Foreign Body)≫전(1995), 호주 퍼스 현대미술연구소의 ≪미술, 의학 그리고 신체(The Art, Medicine and the Body)≫전(1996), 도쿄 모리미술관의 ≪의학과 미술: 생명과 사랑을 위해 미래를 상상하기(Medicine and Art: Imagining a Future for Life and Love)≫전(2010) 등은 프로스테시스(prosthesis)와 생명유전공학의 기술들에 의해 변형된 신체들을 전시함으로써 충격을 주었는데, 이러한 전시들의 공통된 특징은 한결같이 의학과 생물학 그리고 새로운 기술이 신체의 영역에 들어오게 되면서 재고된 인간신체의 정체성과, 그에 따라 인간이 마주하게 된 존재론적 위기를 강조했다는 점이다. 이 전시들에 참가한 미술가들은 질병의 진단과 치료, 그리고 생명연장에 사용하는 과학적 장비들을 이용해 이전에 결코 볼 수 없었던 매혹적이고 낯선 신체내부풍경을 포착할 뿐 아니라, 인체의 기능을 향상시키기 위한 기술들이 이제까지 인간이 신체를 이해하고 재현해온 방식에 변화를 주고 있으며 자아의 정체성과 개념의 변화에도 큰 영향력을 행사하고 있다는 점을 강조하였다. 이러한 상황에서 최근미술과 의학의 관계는 대체로 3가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 IT분야의 기술과 의학의 융합으로 구체화된 신체내부의 새로운 이미지를 미술표현의 일부로 이용하는 경우로, 이는 충격의 효과를 주고자 하는 전위적 현대미술의 문맥이 연장된 것이거나 포스트모던적인 신체의 절단 및 파편화와 연관된 것이기도 하다. 둘째는 과학자처럼 직접 DNA와 연관된 실험을 일종의 퍼포먼스로 제시하는 경우다. 세째는 신체가 과학기술과 결합되는 경우에 발생하는 인간정체성의 변화와 윤리 및 철학적 쟁점에 초점을 맞추는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 인체내부와 유전자 정보를 밝혀내기 위한 휴먼 프로젝트들인 VHP(Visible Human Project)와 HGP(Human Genome Project)를 중심으로, 의학기술이 신체문화 담론과 만나는 지점에서 발생하는 문제들을 살펴보고, 폴 버나우즈(Paul Vanouse), 모나 하툼(Mona Hatoum), 루이스 윌슨(Louis Wilson), 마크 퀸(Marc Quinn), 마르타 드 메네제스(Marta de Menezes) 등의 미술가들이 그러한 문제들을 이해하고 다루는 작업방식의 특징을 고찰하고 있다. 현대과학자들이 미술가들처럼 변화시키고 재창조하듯이, 미술가들도 과학자들처럼 실험을 통한 유사—과학적 중립성이나 객관성을 가져온다. 그동안 신체를 다루었던 이전의 미술가들이 신체를 재현하거나 신체를 이용한 퍼포먼스를 보여주는 미술주체였다면, 신체를 다루는 최근의 미술가들은 실험하는 ‘연구자—학자—미술가’의 태도를 갖 ...

‘몸 새김(tattoo)’에 관한 종교학적 소고(小考)

최정화(Jeong Hwa Choi) 한국종교학회 2020 宗敎硏究 Vol.80 No.3

Upon observing ‘the engraving of the body’ as a rapidly spreading phenomenon, this article approaches the practice of tattooing comprehensively from a comparative, cross-cultural point of view. Hereby an attempt is made at analyzing the alteration of perspectives and of the various competing discourses on ‘the engraving of the body’ and at tracing the most significant changes in the values and the specific individual practices of our time as they are communicated through the medium of the ‘social body.’ My objective is to grasp the various meanings attached to the human skin, providing a theoretical framework for the understanding of the cultural practice of tattooing from a religious studies perspective. By examining materials dealing with Korean tattooing practices from the early 20th century down to the present day, I am dealing with the task of detecting a new configuration in Korean society’s views on the ‘engraving of the body.’ Unlike traditional Korean society, in which bearing tattoos was understood as a sign of punishment and of being ‘uncivilized,’ in the present having tattoos is becoming a method of expressing and sharing through the body the most important things in the life of an individual. The ‘engraving of the body’ has passed through a time when it unambiguously signified ‘deviance’ and is currently becoming a way of exploring one’s own possibilities, while its meaning is shifting towards freedom of expressing one’s difference and uniqueness.

한국인의 신체관과 문신문화

김가현,하지수 한국패션디자인학회 2018 한국패션디자인학회지 Vol.18 No.1

한국은 역사적으로 자체적인 문신문화가 없는 국가이지만 현대사회에 들어서 젊은 세대를 중심으로 문신이 패션의 한 형태로 받아들여지고 있다. 그러나 국내에서 타투이스트와 같은 비의료인에 의한 문신 시술은 불법이며 문신을 한 사람에 대한 사회적 시선 또한 부정적인 경향이다. 이러한 사회적 제약의 배경에 대해 본 연구에서는 사회 전반적으로 퍼져있는 신체관에서 그 근거를 찾아보았다. 한국인의 신체관과 문신문화를 사적으로 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 한국의 문신은 고대부터 현대까지 전 시대 동안 모두 타국으로부터 받아들인 문화로 자국만의 깊이 있는 문신문화가 존재하지 않았다. 때문에, 문신을 하는 사회문화적 의미가 충분하지 않으며, 몸을 깨끗이 유지해야 한다는 전통적 신체관을 지닌 한국인에게 문신은 그저 신체를 훼손하는 부정적인 행위로 받아들여졌다. 둘째, 한국에서의 문신은 가리고 싶거나 가려야만 했던 것으로 나타났다. 그간 한국은 문신문화가 발달하지 않은 국가로, 문신의 심미성에 대한 이해가 역사적으로 없었다. 이에 기존의 ‘낙인’ 이라는 사회적 의미를 벗어나 하나의 패션으로 받아들여지는 중간과정이 부재하다. 셋째, 한국에서 문신의 유행과 잔존해있는 부정적인 인식의 대립은 내재된 신체관의 약화로 결론지을 수 있다. 과거에는 국가적 통제가 필요 없을 만큼 개인들의 유교적 신체관이 확고했기에 자의로 신체를 변형하는 현상이 적었지만 현재는 규제가 등장할 만큼 문신 인구가 늘고 있다. 이는 유교적 신체관이 강하게 남아있는 기성세대와 비교적 그 강도가 약한 신세대 간의 갈등으로 볼 수 있겠다. 따라서 이러한 배경을 지닌 한국 사회에서 문신을 패션으로 받아들이게 되는 단계까지는 오랜 시간이 걸릴 것으로 사료되며, 현재는 그 과도기라 할 수 있다. In the modern Korean society, tattoo is considered as a form of fashion or self-expression among the young generation, although Korea hasn’t had tattoo culture in the history. However, it is illegal to get a tattoo by non-medical personnel such as a tattooist, and the society tends to have prejudice toward tattooed people. This study found grounds for these social limitations from the body philosophy deep-rooted in society at large. The findings of the historical review on the Korean body philosophy and Korean culture of tattoo are as follows. First, in the Korean history, tattoo has been foreign culture all the time, and there is no indigenous tattoo culture. Thus, for Korean people with traditional body philosophy, sociocultural meaning of the practice is not sufficient, and only negative sense that tattoo is one of the acts mutilating the body remains. Second, tattoo has been considered as a secret that has to be covered or a mark that everyone wants to hide. So far, Korean tattoo has only had social meaning of ‘stigma’ and has never been understood as ‘art’; therefore, accepting it as ‘fashion’ all of a sudden has been difficult for Korean people. Third, conflict between today's tattoo fashion and remaining negative sense can be interpreted as weakening of inherited traditional philosophy on body. In the past, because of individuals’ firm traditional value, few people did body modification, so social control on tattooing didn’t exist. However, population with tattoo has been increasing insomuch that there are regulations nowadays. This phenomenon can be seen as a generation discord between the older generation with strong Confucian value on body and the new generation with rather fragile value. In such a society, it will take time to adopt tattoo as fashion, and the conflict can be interpreted as a transitional phenomenon.

보문 : 신체이미지에 따른 성형욕구, 자아개념, 의복행동 -다중 측정도구를 사용하여-

송경자 ( Kyung Ja Song ),김재숙 ( Jae Sook Kim ) 한국의류학회 2005 한국의류학회지 Vol.29 No.3,4

디미트리스 파파이오아누 작품에 나타난 그로테스크 신체 조형성 연구

최영현 한국무용예술학회 2019 무용예술학연구 Vol.76 No.4

This study focus on the formativeness of the grotesque body in Dimitris Papaioannou's work and examines how the physical deformation and distortion, especially "embarrassing bizarre" that constantly appearing in his works develop in aesthetic categories. To this end, I examined his artistic perspective and analyzed four works in terms of randomly separating and combining body. Although the non-realistic body transformation in the works seems to represent the unreal world of fantasy, it is used as a means to make people through the shock of strangeness. It is being used as a device to expose conflicts arising from the current situation and to express doubts about the identity of contemporary people through contradictory contrast. This study was intended to serve as a stepping stone for the attention and theoretical discussion of the formativeness of grotesque body through the interpretation of Dimitris Papaioannou's works.

Silicone breast implant modification review: overcoming capsular contracture

Byung Ho Shin,김병휘,Su Jin Kim,이강원,최영빈,허찬영 한국생체재료학회 2018 생체재료학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Background: Silicone implants are biomaterials that are frequently used in the medical industry due to their physiological inertness and low toxicity. However, capsular contracture remains a concern in long-term transplantation. To date, several studies have been conducted to overcome this problem. This review summarizes and explores these trends. Main body: First, we examined the overall foreign body response from initial inflammation to fibrosis capsule formation in detail and introduced various studies to overcome capsular contracture. Secondly, we introduced that the main research approaches are to inhibit fibrosis with anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics, to control the topography of the surface of silicone implants, and to administer plasma treatment. Each study examined aspects of the various mechanisms by which capsular contracture could occur, and addressed the effects of inhibiting fibrosis. Conclusion: This review introduces various silicone surface modification methods to date and examines their limitations. This review will help identify new directions in inhibiting the fibrosis of silicone implants.

연구논문 : Walter Van Beirendonck 디자인에 나타난 미학

박소형 ( So Hyoung Park ),임은혁 ( Eun Hyuk Yim ) 한국의류학회 2015 한국의류학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Walter Van Beirendonck expresses a fairy tale world of perverted sexual desire of sadism and masochism, violence, and aggressiveness that breaks from a transient one-time concept as is an essential element of fashion. This study classifies the aesthetic characteristic shown on the design of Walter Van Beirendonck and analyzes the intent of his symbolism and meaning. The attempt has a meaning in exploring a new directionality of fashion by conveying a critical message to this end, contemporary fashion breaks down boundaries with artistic genre and connects a problematic consciousness that exists in life with fashion. The results of study on the aesthetic characteristics of Walter Van Beirendonck are as follows. First, Beirendonck emphasized an interpersonal image about body by giving a question through the deconstruction of image on a perfect body into race, age, and body based on body modification. Second, fetishism appeared as a consciousness that human identity and character can be changed by connecting a fetish element of sexual identity, and sadism and masochism with fashion``s imagination. Third, infantilism as an amusement expression of the form metaphorically satirized life of modern people. Fourth, makeup shown on performance or festival of an African tribe was used in the way of mixture or reuse for ethnography to obtain inspiration from ethnography. Fifth, pop art combined a popular culture code as amusement through mass production and mass media. Aesthetics of Beirendonck do not have norm and are bold in using form, color, pattern, print, and styling because Beirendonck reinterpreted critical attitudes about essential problems that human life entails into a motif of his symbolic meaning in amusement. In regards to his design aesthetics, Beirendonck expanded fashion to the scope of Gesamtkunstwerk in a consistent and continued theme combined with philosophical creativity and differentiated from other fashion designers.