Study of gait using weighted vests on balance with paraplegic patients

Hyuk-Jae Choi,Hyun-Joo Kang 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.3

The aims of this study were to identify static and dynamic balance with the addition of weighted vests for the rehabilitation of paraplegic pa-tients. The study was conducted using weighted vest exercises with applied optimal weight ratios. Ten paraplegic patients who use custom orthosis were enrolled for experiments including static standing and dynamic gait with a weighted vest. We set weight ratios as 0%, 10%, and 15% of the patients’ weight. A plantar pressure device was used for static balance tests for excursion and velocity of center of pressure and we identified dynamic balance through the tool of Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The results of static and dynamic balance in 0%, 10%, and 15% weight ratios did not have statistically significant differences, but we found an increasing tendency of sway excursion from nonweight (0%) to weight ratios (10%, 15%) in static balance when weight is ap-plied. Sway excursion in anteroposterior direction is greater than medi-olateral sway. In dynamic balance, the TUG results showed a more de-layed time when weight ratios were applied. In conclusion, we have to focus on balance training with anteroposterior direction to upgrade a patient’s balance and prevent falls. Exercises with weighed vests are more useful than nonweighted but there is no difference between 10% and 15% weight ratios. Weighted vest exercises may play a role in the rehabilitation of balance in those with paraplegia.

화면에서 이미지의 밸런스 성질에 대한 감상자의 선호도 분석

김종무(Jong Moo Kim),김성훈(Sung Hoon Kim) 한국디자인문화학회 2010 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.16 No.2

영상, 디자인 그리고 사진에서 이미지의 화면 위치 선정은 중요하다. 유사한 이미지라도 화면의 위치에 따라 감상자가 느끼는 무게감과 중요도는 다르며 이는 Rudolf Arnheim의 Art and Visual Perception과 Introduction to Photography and other Graphic Technique의 밸런스 성질에서도 언급하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 “화면에서 이미지의 위치 변화에 따른 사용자의 감성 변화”의 후속 연구로써, 화면에서 이미지의 밸런스 성질(Aspects of Balance)에 대한 감상자의 선호도를 의미분별법(Semantic Differential) 이론을 적용하여 무게감과 중요도 중심으로 설문을 실시한 실험 하였다. 이를 위해 Rudolf Arnheim의 Art and Visual Perception과 Introduction to Photography and other Graphic Technique에 서술한 5종류의 밸런스의 성질을 참조 수정하여 2개의 주 가설과 각 7개의 보조 가설을 설정하고 이를 바탕으로 5개의 이미지를 제작 한 후 실험자가 느끼는 무게감과 중요도 변화를 50명의 실험자를 대상으로 실험하였다. 실험에 앞서 연구자는 10대부터 50대 각 10명씩 그리고 남성 5명과 여성 5명을 임의로 선택 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 성별, 연령별로 무게감과 중요도에 대한 선호도 차이를 분석 하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 화면에서 5개의 이미지를 통해 느끼는 무게감에 대한 성별 선호도는 남,여 모두 ‘무겁다’의 선호도를 보였다. 둘째, 화면에서 5개의 이미지를 통해 느끼는 무게감에 대한 연령 선호도는 모든 연령에서 ‘무겁다’의 선호도를 보였다. 셋째, 화면에서 5개의 이미지를 통해 느끼는 중요도에 대한 성별 선호도는 남,여 모두 ‘중요한’의 선호도를 보였다. 넷째, 화면에서 5개의 이미지를 통해 느끼는 중요도에 대한 연령 선호도는 모든 연령에서 ‘중요한’의 선호도를 보였다. 다섯째, 모든 연령과 성별에서 무게감과 중요도에 대한 선호를 보였으나, 일정한 형태나 양식 또는 유형을 보이지는 않았다. 본 실험을 통해 유사한 이미지라도 화면의 위치에 따라 느끼는 무게감과 중요도에 대한 연령, 성별의 선호도가 다르게 나타난다는 결과를 도출하였다, 이를 바탕으로 영상, 사진에서 화면 위치와 연관된 이미지의 밸런스 성질을 이해하고 파악하는데 있어 본 연구가 기초 자료가 되었으면 한다. The position in the composition of a screen is important in images, design and photographs. An appreciator`s preference for sense of weight and status comes out differently depending on the location of the screen even in case of the similar image and the Rudolf Arnheim`s "Art and Visual Perception" and "Introduction to Photography and other Graphic Technique" were mentioned in the aspects of balance. For this purpose, this research is a follow-up one on "Change in User`s Sensibility Subsequent to the Change of Image Position on the Screen", and this research did an experiment through a questionnaire survey centering on a sense of weight and status by applying Semantic Differential theory to an appreciator`s preference for Aspects of Balance of an image on the screen. For this purpose, this research set up the two main hypotheses and their 7 subsidiary hypotheses respectively by referring to the 5 sorts of aspects of balance which were mentioned in Rudolf Arnheim`s "Art and Visual Perception" and "Introduction to Photography and other Graphic Technique", based on which this research made 5 images and did experiment on the change of a sense of weight and status using 50 experimental objects. Prior to doing the experiment, this researcher randomly selected 10 people from their 10s to 50s respectively, and 5 males and females respectively, too. On the basis of this, this research made an analysis of the preference for a sense of weight and status by sex distinction and age. The research results are as follows: First, as for the preference for a sense of weight felt through the 5 images on the screen by sex distinction, there appeared a unanimous preference for "being weighty." Second, as for the preference for a sense of weight felt through the 5 imaged on the screen by age, there appeared a preference for "being weighty" from all ages. Third, as for the preference for the status felt through the 5 images on the screen by sex distinction, both males and females showed the preference for "being important." Fourth, as for the preference for the status felt through the 5 images on the screen by age, all ages showed the preference for `being important.` Fifth, there appeared the preference for a sense of weight and status by all ages and sex distinction, but they hardly ever showed a certain form, mode or pattern. This experimental results showed the fact that an appreciator`s preference for sense of weight and status comes out differently depending on the location of the screen even in case of the similar image. On the basis of this fact, this research hopes this research could be basic data in understanding and grasping the aspects of balance of an image in connection with the screen location in videos and photographies.

편마비 환자에서 발의 위치가 기립균형에 미치는 영향

박제상(Park Je-sang),최흥식(Choi Houng-sik),김택훈(Kim Tack-hoon),노정석(Roh Jung-suk) 한국전문물리치료학회 2001 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the standing balance could be influenced by the different foot positions. Seventeen patients with hemiplegia were tested for the static and dynamic balance under the different foot positions. In the balance test, subject stood by bearing weight on one foot, and the other foot was positioned in three different positions (symmetric, 45°anterolateral, and anterior position). This study used the Kinesthetic ability trainer (KAT2000) to measure the standing balance. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in the static standing balance in different foot positions with both weight-bearing on the paretic limb and on the nonparetic limb (p<.05). 2) There were also significant differences in the dynamic standing balance in different foot positions with both weight-bearing on the paretic limb and on the nonparetic limb (p<.05). 3) There was a significant difference when the paretic weight-bearing and the nonparetic weight-bearing were compared (p<.01). 4) when the paretic weight-bearing and the nonparetic weight-bearing were compared, anterior foot position showed a significant difference in the dynamic standing balance (p<.05), but 45°anterolateral foot position did not show a significant difference (p>.05). In this study, the standing balance showed a significant difference according to different foot positions in hemiparetic patients, and standing balance was better when they stood by bearing weight on the nonparetic limb. These results indicate that it is a necessary to consider both weight-bearing limb and foot position not only in the rehabilitation program but also in achieving the stability in the independent life.

기능적 전기자극시 비 마비측에 탄력밴드를 적용한 체중지지훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행과 균형에 미치는 영향

정채민,우영근,원종임,김수진 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2022 PNF and Movement Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of weight-bearing training with an elastic band during functional electrical stimulation (FES) on walking and balance functions in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were divided into an experimental group assigned to weight-bearing training with an elastic band during functional electrical stimulation (FES; n=10) and a control group assigned to weight-bearing training alone during FES (n=10). The patients in both groups attended physical therapy sessions five times a week for four consecutive weeks. The experimental group underwent weight-bearing training with an elastic band during FES five times a week for four weeks. The control group underwent weight-bearing training during FES. Balance parameters were measured before and after the intervention using the Balancia program. Moreover, all patients were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Time Up and Go Test (TUGT), and the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) before and after each intervention. Results: The results showed that weight-bearing training with elastic bands during FES and weight-bearing training during FES had a significant effect on the affected side’s weight-bearing ratio, BBS, TUGT, and WGS in both groups (p <0.05). Additionally, the results showed that the changes observed in the two groups indicate significant differences in path length, average speed, BBS score, TUGT time, and WGS score between the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with stroke, weight-bearing training with an elastic band during FES affected on walking and balance. Therefore, it is an optional intervention for the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

전후, 좌우 방향의 균형 제어에 대한 기저면의 면적과 체중의 영향

이옥진 한국체육과학회 2004 한국체육과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to verify differences in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral balance control between the obese and normal weight female adults during quiet standing on force platform(normal surface) and narrow beam(narrow surface) with two legs and left leg. The mean and the standard deviation of COP_y and COP_x displacement were calculated. Analyses of data revealed that 1) Anterior-posterior and medial-lateral balance decreased as the areas of support-surface is narrowing. 2) There were not significant differences in the mean and the standard deviation of COP_y between the obese and the normal weight. 3) The standard deviation of COP_x of the obese was significantly larger as compared that of the normal weight. The mean and the standard deviation of COP_y and COP_x represented anterior-posterior and medial-lateral balance control respectively. Therefore, these results suggested that the obese have poor ability of medial-lateral balance control.

태권도 선수의 반월상연골 부분 절제술 후 조기체중지지가 슬관절의 근기능과 균형감각에 미치는 영향

이용주 ( Yong Ju Lee ),신민영 ( Min Young Shin ) 국기원 2015 국기원태권도연구 Vol.6 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 태권도 선수들의 훈련도중 반월상 연골 손상으로 인한 반월상연골 내측부분 절제술 시행한 후 3일차부터 체중지지를 시작한 조기체중지지 그룹과 절제술 후 2주차에 체중지지를 시작한 비체중지지 그룹의 슬관절 근기능과 균형감각의 회복율을 비교하는 것이다. 실험 참가자들은 남자 태권도 선수 14명으로 조기체중지지 그룹 7명과 비체중지지 그룹 7명으로 나누었다. 모든 피검자는 수술 후 16주의 동일한 재활운동 프로그램을 실시하였으며 총 4회의 검사를 실시하였다. 종속변인의 검사내용은 Biodex System Ⅲ 를 이용하여 슬관절 기능검사에서 60DEG/SEC와 180DEG/SEC에서 체중당 최대근력(Peak Torque/Body Weight %)을 측정하였고 Biodex balance를 이용하여 균형능력을 측정하였다. 수집된 데이터 분석을 위해 일원변량 분석 반복측정(one way ANOVA repeated measure)을 적용하였다. 그 결과 Peak Torque Extension 60 DEG/SEC와 180 DEG/SEC 변화에서만 양 집단간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 태권도 선수의 반월상연골 절제술 이후 조기에 체중지지를 실시하며 재활운동프로그램을 적용 하는것이 슬관절의 신전근력의 회복속도와 안정성을 향상시켜 태권도 훈련 및 선수생활 복귀를 빠르게 하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study meniscus after partial meniscectomy who underwent medial meniscal damage caused during training of Taekowndo compare the knee joint strengthening and the recovery of balance between two groups: weight-bearing group, which started weight-bearing early on from the third day after partial meniscectomy, and non-weight-bearing group, which started weight-bearing on the second week after the exercise. Participants were divided into early man taekwondo weight support group, 7 group name bichejung support seven people with 14 people. All subjects were conducted 16 weeks after surgery the same rehabilitation program conducted a total of four tests. Check the contents of the dependent variables were measured using Ⅲ Biodex System was maximal strength per weight (Peak Torque / Body Weight%) in 60DEG / SEC and 180DEG / SEC in knee function tests measure the ability to balance by the Biodex balance. Way ANOVA analysis was applied to the collected data, the repeated measures (one way ANOVA repeated measure). The results showed a significant difference between the groups only in amounts Peak Torque Extension 60 DEG / SEC and 180 DEG / SEC changes. It carried the weight supported by the meniscal surgery since early taekwondo Taken together the above results and improve the recovery rate and the stability of the extensor strength of that knee to apply a rehabilitation program to speed up the taekwondo training and career comebackIt is expected to be helpful

체중 이동훈련이 만성뇌졸중 환자의 균형에 미치는 영향

민동기 대한치료과학회 2014 대한치료과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects from weight-shifting training using a conventional instrument or the Aero-Step on stroke patients' balance ability weight-shifting postures on the affected side, which are known to reduce balance ability. Method: This study assigned 28 hemiplegic stroke patients to a weight-shifting training group using a conventional instrument and existing exercise therapy (n=9), a weight-shifting training group using the Aero-Step and existing exercise therapy(n=9), and a control group which received only existing exercise therapy (n=10). Each type of training was performed for a six-week period, 3 times a week for 20 minutes each time. The stroke patients' A-P sway speed, M-L sway speed, and Berg Balance Scale scores were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Sway speed was decreased in all groups compared in each group with A-P sway speed and M-L sway speed. weight shifting trainning group with 3-DBT11 and Aero-step were statistically significant differences (p<.05). berg balance scale was increased in all groups compared in each group, statistically significant differences (p<.05). Conclusion: This study found that weight-shifting training for stroke patients' affected side had positive effects on their balance ability.

마비측에 적용한 외측 쐐기 깔창이 뇌졸증 환자의 체중부하율과 균형, 보행에 미치는 영향

김혜림,신원섭 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2013 PNF and Movement Vol.11 No.2

Purpose : The study was to evaluate the weight distribution, balance and gait function of stroke patients wearing lateral wedged insole to the shoe of the affected side. Methods : 27 patients with stroke (15 men, 12 women) participated in this study. Participants performed weight distribution, dynamic balance and gait ability with or without wedged insole on affected side in a random order. The balancia was used to evaluate the weight distribution. Deviation from the center line was analyzed by Dartfish during sit to stand to evaluate dynamic balance. The functional walk ability evaluated by 10 m walking velocity. Results : The asymmetry index of weight bearing improved significantly with wedged insole of affected side(p<.05). During sit to stand, center of gravity significantly moved from non-affected side to more mid line of body(p<.05). Improvement were shown in walking speed after wearing the wedged insole(p<.05). Conclusion : Wedged insole applied on affected side have a beneficial effect on weight distribution, dynamic balance and walking speed with stroke. .

레이저 선 프로젝터와 USB 카메라를 이용한 자동차용 철 밸런스 웨이트의 결합상태 검사

최경진,박세제,임호,박종국 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2013 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.12 No.1

In this paper, sensor system and inspection algorithm in order to inspect steel balance weight for automobile is described. Steel balance weight is composed of clip and weight, which is joined by press process. The defective one has a gap between clip and weight. To detect whether there is a gap, sensor system is simply configured with laser line projector and USB camera, which make it possible to measure the height difference of clip and weight area. Laser line pattern which is made on the surface of a balance weight is captured by USB camera. In case that USB camera is used in machine vision, barrel distortion caused by wide angle lens makes the captured image distorted. Image warping function is applied to correct the distortion. Simple image processing algorithm is applied to extract the laser line information and whether it is good or not is judged through the extracted information.

Effect on the Limit of Stability of the Lowered Center of Mass With a Weight Belt

Jimmy Phan,Kaylen Wakumoto,Jeffrey Chen,최우철 한국전문물리치료학회 2020 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background: The consequences of falls are often debilitating, and prevention is important. In theory, the lower the center of mass (COM), the greater postural stability during standing, and a weight belt at the waist level may help to lower the COM and improve the standing balance. Objects: We examined how the limit of stability (LOS) was affected by the lowered center of mass with the weight belt. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals participated in the LOS test. After calculating each participant’s COM, a weight belt was fastened ten centimeters below the COM. Trials were acquired with five weight belt conditions: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of body weight. Out-come measures included reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion, and directional control in 4 cardinal moving directions.Results: None of our outcome variables were associated with a weight belt (p > 0.075), but all of them were associated with moving direction (p < 0.01). On average, movement velocity of the COM and maximum excursion were 31% and 18% greater, respectively, in mediolateral than anteroposterior direction (5.4°/s vs. 4.1°/s; 97.5% vs. 82.6%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that postural stability was not affected by the weight-induced lowered COM, informing the development and improvement of balance training strategies.