Anxiety attacks with or without life-threatening situations, major depressive disorder, and suicide attempt: a nationwide community sample of Korean adults

Kim, Hyewon,Choi, Kwan Woo,Na, Eun Jin,Hong, Jin Pyo,Fava, Maurizio,Mischoulon, David,Cho, Hana,Jeon, Hong Jin Elsevier 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.270 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Regardless of categorical diagnosis, many psychiatric patients suffer from sudden attack of fear or intense anxiety. In this study, we defined anxiety attacks to refer to these phenomena and investigated their association with depression and suicide attempts. A total of 12,532 adults randomly selected population through the one-person-per-household method completed a face-to-face interview using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). A total of 5.88% reported to have experienced anxiety attacks. Among them, 46.5% reported to have experienced anxiety attacks without life-threatening situations. ‘Anxiety attacks’ group reported more suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts, which were even higher frequencies in ‘anxiety attacks without life-threatening situations’ group than ‘anxiety attacks only with life-threatening situations’ group and showed stronger association with lifetime suicide attempts when it had comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) (AOR = 9.69, 95%CI 5.90–15.90), compared with ‘never’ group. There was no association between each symptom of patients with anxiety attacks and their lifetime suicide attempt. In conclusion, the finding suggests that there are as many individuals who experience anxiety attacks without life-threatening situations as those with life-threatening situations. And anxiety attacks appear to be relevant to an increased risk of suicide attempt, especially without life-threatening situations and with comorbid MDD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An anxiety attack means “a sudden attack of fear or intense anxiety”. </LI> <LI> Many people experienced anxiety attacks even without life-threatening situations. </LI> <LI> Anxiety attacks were relevant to an increased suicide risk, especially without life-threatening situations and with comorbid MDD. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Complexity of Speaking Anxiety in a Graduate EFL Classroom

Jeffrey Dawala Wilang,Thanh Duy Vo 아시아영어교육학회 2018 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.15 No.3

Anxiety among students in non-English speaking learning contexts remains a dynamic construct due to moment-by-moment fluctuations influenced by different variables – teacher, peers, task, among others. To understand the complexity of speaking anxiety, this study presents the results of case studies of two low, moderate, and high anxious graduate students chosen based on their anxiety selfreports. Data sources include a self-report anxiety questionnaire, heart rate monitor, idiodynamic selfrating, observation, and semi-structured individual interview. Each participant was asked to wear a heart rate monitor while speaking and being observed by the researcher. In addition, the participants were asked individually to rate their moment-by-moment anxiety by using the idiodynamic method. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded accordingly. The use of five data sources revealed findings that demonstrate the strength of considering specific short periods of time and individual level studies when investigating speaking anxiety. Methodological implications were generated to investigate the complex nature of anxiety in non-English speaking contexts.

Comparative analysis of the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase, cortisol levels, and athletes’ performance in archery competitions

( In-soo Lim ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.4

[Purpose] This study aimed to analyze the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), and salivary cortisol (sC) changes in athletes showing a high or low level performance in an actual archery competition. [Methods] The participants were female university athletes who participated in the individual 50 m archery competition at the 21st Korean National Archery Team Trials, in July 2018. Based on their game record in the competition, 9 athletes were allocated to the high-performance group (HPG) and another 9 to the low-performance group (LPG). Anxiety caused by the competition was rated on a 1-10 point Likert scale at 30 min before competition (pre-30), 3 min before competition (pre-3), and 30 min after competition (post-30). This assessment method directly measured their cognitive anxiety. Saliva samples were collected in a tube by having the athletes chew on an absorber swab. For data analysis, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed and Pearson’s correlation method was applied to correlate the variables. [Results] In the actual competition, significant difference between the game records of the HPG (mean score 339.5±4.1) and the LPG (mean score 323.3±3.4) was observed. Competitive anxiety showed a significant decrease in the HPG compared to the LPG. Due to the competition, sAA and sC were significantly decreased in the HPG compared to the LPG. Analysis of correlations between competition scores, anxiety, sAA, and sC, revealed that lower anxiety was associated with higher scores in the HPG. Pre-3 anxiety positively correlated with pre-3 sAA and sC. In the LPG, lower scores were associated with persistent anxiety until the completion of the competition. Positive correlations were observed for pre-3 anxiety with post-30 sC, pre-3 sAA with post-30 sAA and sC, and pre-3 cortisol with post-30 sAA. [Conclusion] Increased anxiety in the actual archery competition was associated with significant increase in sAA and sC. Elevated sAA and sC from prior-competition to post-competition stage were associated with reduced performance. Significant correlations between the measured variables (game records, anxiety, sAA, and sC) were associated with worse performance.

불안장애 집단에 있어서 불안민감성의 차이

안준범,김지혜,강은호,유범희 대한신경정신의학회 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.4

Objectives The present study aimed to compare anxiety sensitivity among anxiety disorder groups, and to examine the relationships between lower-order factors of anxiety sensitivity and each anxiety disorder. Methods Three hundred and twenty four normal control subjects and 212 patients with anxiety disorders were enrolled in this study. All subjects completed a psychometric assessment package including the Korean Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R) test. Statistical analysis of the two groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and comparison of anxiety sensitivity among the anxiety-disorder groups (panic disorder-PD, general anxiety disorder-GAD, social phobia- SP, obsessive-compulsive disorder-OCD) was investigated using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results All anxiety disorder groups showed higher total scores of the ASI-R than did the normal control group (Z=-13.724, p<.001), and the mean total score of the ASI-R in the panic disorder group was the highest among the anxiety disorder groups. The mean score of each lower-order factor of the ASI-R in each anxiety disorder group was higher than that of the normal control group and there were statistically significant differences in fear of cardiovascular symptoms (PD,GAD>SP,OCD), fear of respiratory symptoms (PD>GAD, SP,OCD), and fear of publicly observable anxiety reactions (SP>PD,OCD) among the anxiety disorder groups. ConclusionZZThese results suggest that anxiety sensitivity reflects vulnerability to anxiety disorders, and that lower-order factors of the ASI-R may help in the differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders. 본 연구는 정상 집단과 불안장애 집단을 대상으로 KASIR의 총점을 비교한 첫 번째 연구로, 불안민감성이 정상 집 단에 비해 불안장애 집단에서 모두 높게 나타난다는 사실 을 확인하였다. 또한 불안민감성이 불안장애 집단 내에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않는다는 사실을 확 인함으로써, 불안민감성이 넓은 의미에서 다양한 불안장애 에 대한 취약성을 반영한다는 가설을 지지하고 있다. 마지 막으로, 불안민감성의 하위 요인들과 각각의 불안장애 사이 의 관련성을 확인하였으며, 임상에서 KASI-R의 하위 요인 이 불안장애를 변별하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다. 이를 명확하게 하기 위해, 추후 연구에서는 임 상환자 집단을 대상으로 장기적, 종단적 연구가 필요할 것 으로 사료된다.

임상실습전 간호학생의 불안과 대응양상과의 관계

허혜경 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1997 원주의대논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia: reducing the items on state anxiety in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-form X

Koga, Sayo,Seto, Mika,Moriyama, Shigeaki,Kikuta, Toshihiro The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2017 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.17 No.3

Background: It is important to evaluate preoperative anxiety and prepare sedation when performing dental surgery under local anesthesia. Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is useful for predicting preoperative anxiety. State anxiety is defined as a subjective feeling of nervousness. Reduction in the number of the state anxiety items (questions) will be clinically important in allowing us to predict anxiety more easily. Method: We analyzed the STAI responses from 1,252 patients who visited our institution to undergo dental surgery under local anesthesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for 9 groups comprising anxiety level determinations using the STAI; we then developed a coefficient of determination and a regression formula. We searched for a group satisfying the largest number of requirements for regression expression while setting any necessary conditions for accurately predicting anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia. Results: The regression expression from the group determined as normal for preoperative state anxiety was deemed the most suitable for predicting preoperative anxiety. Conclusion: It was possible to reduce the number of items in the STAI by focusing on "Preoperative anxiety before dental surgery."

인간형성의 조건으로서의 불안

임병덕(Byung-Duk Lim) 한국도덕교육학회 2021 道德敎育硏究 Vol.33 No.4

불안은 인간의 존재 그 자체에서 비롯되는 정서이다. 그것은 자유 또는 정신의 정서적 대응물로서, 무구에서 죄책을 거쳐 신앙에 이르는 인간형성의 조건으로 간주될 수있다. 인간형성은 절망 또는 죄에서 신앙으로의 이행이며, 이 이행은 ‘질적 도약’을 필수적 요소로 하는 과정이다. 불안은 질적 도약에 가장 가까운 그것의 ‘심리학적 근사치’ 에 해당하는 만큼, 그것에 대한 고찰은 인간형성의 해명에 결정적인 도움이 될 수 있다. 불안은 부정적인 정서로서 심각한 질병으로 간주되기도 하고, 심지어 ‘악마적인’ 양상을띠기도 하지만, 그것은 ‘자유의 가능성’으로서 ‘시간성과 영원성의 종합’으로서의 자아가‘그것이 있게 한 힘’으로서의 신과 관계를 맺도록 이끄는 안내자가 되기도 한다. 인간형성 과정에서 불안은 ‘신앙의 도움으로 개인을 섭리에 귀의하도록 교육하는’ 역할을 한다. ‘불안에 의한 교육’은 개인에게서 유한하고 사소한 것들에 대한 미련과 집착을 제거함으로써 ‘그가 가기를 원하는 곳’으로 이끈다. 키에르케고르는 그의 저작 전체가 그 자신의 자기교육을 위한 것이었음을 분명하게 밝혔으며, 이 점에서 그 저작들은 그 자신이 몸소 경험한 ‘불안에 의한 교육’을 기술한 것이라는 해석이 가능하다. 불안에 의하여안내되는 그의 저작활동은 신에 의한 교육을 지향하는 자기교육의 기록이라고 말할 수있다. 불안이 무엇인지를 배우는 것은 지고의 존재로부터 지고의 것을 배우는 것이다. In his monumental study on anxiety, The Concept of Anxiety, Kierkegaard approaches to anxiety in relation to the dogmatic issue of hereditary sin. He denies any qualitative difference between Adam and subsequent individuals, in that both of them sin by a ‘qualitative leap’ as an individual’s free act. The psychological approach to anxiety can contribute to understanding the qualitative leap which does not permit any rational explanation, for anxiety is the psychological state that precedes and follows sin. Though it cannot explain sin, ‘which breaks forth only in the qualitative leap’, can serve as “the closest psychological approximation.” Anxiety is rooted in the very being of man as a ‘synthesis of the psychical and the physical’ sustained by spirit as the third term. Spirit posits this synthesis along with the synthesis of the temporal and the eternal. Human becoming can be construed as spirit’s movement constituted by the relation’s(synthesis’) relating itself to “the Power that posited it.” Spirit express itself as anxiety in the process of human becoming. Anxiety leads the individual to ‘rest in providence.’ Kierkegaard opened the possibility of understanding anxiety as ‘a serving spirit’ that help the individual relate himself to God. When he is educated by anxiety, it leads him to faith. It means that anxiety get rid of everything finite and petty out of him and make him free. Kierkegaard’s works can be seen as documents to describe his own self-education by anxiety. His authorship as the true autodidact is also a theodidact. An individual who has learned to be anxious in the right way has learned ‘the ultimate.’

리더의 불안, 리더십 연구에서 어떻게 다룰 것인가? 문헌 검토와 연구 제언

김성준,이중학,임창현 리더십학회 2021 리더십연구 Vol.12 No.4

Main purpose of this study is to review studies on the anxiety of the leaders, to explore its application in leadership research, and to suggest future research directions. Under the rapidly changing environment, leaders are likely to feel anxiety especially after COVID-19 pandemic. Even if the anxiety is an important emotion these days, studies have yet to pay attention to it, especially about leader’s anxiety. It might be because there is a conceptual overlap of fear, neuroticism, and job stress, and at the same time, may studies have not been conducted due to the difficulty to observe leader’s emotion. Therefore, this study first looked at the history of anxiety research and clarified differences from other related concepts before reviewing researches at home and abroad. Then, we propose six research suggestions based on leader’s anxiety. In particular, it is suggested that studies about the sources of leader’s anxiety, the comparison between groups of leaders and employees, the negative and positive effects of anxiety, and the relevance of decision-making ability with leader’s anxiety need to be further investigated. This study presents a new emphasis on leadership research based on anxiety and has a theoretical contribution to making specific research suggestions. In addition, there is a practical contribution in terms of enhancing the understanding of anxiety of the leaders.

Effects of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder

Rastogi, Sanjeev,Baiswar, Antriksha,Nischal, Anil,Srivastava, Prem Swarup,Nischal, Anuradha Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2016 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.6 No.4

Anxiety is a common clinical presentation. Primary anxiety poses a significant problem in its management. Many among the current treatment options of anxiety are habit forming causing significant withdrawal symptoms. There are dose dependent responses often associated with drug adversities. Day time sedation is an undesired effect of many drugs used for anxiety management limiting its usage. Ayurveda recommends a bio- physical procedure to manage anxiety. Shirodhara, a dripping procedure is utilized as a front line therapy for anxiety in Ayurveda. Seeing the limitations of conventional biomedical management of anxiety requiring an improvement upon the existing protocols of managements, and also seeing the use of shirodhara for anxiety management in ayurvedic clinics, a pragmatic study to evaluate the effect of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder was done. This was a pragmatic study consisting of shirodhara with ksheer bala oil as an intervention upon generalized anxiety disorder patients. The study was conducted upon 13 patients and observations were done for six weeks. The responses observed through the changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale were evaluated using paired t test to observe the pre-post significance.

키르케고르의 자유의 가능성으로서의 불안과 사이코드라마의 우주적 불안 - 철학적‧사이코드라마적 재조명을 통한 불안의 역설 -

손창선 동국대학교 동서사상연구소 2016 철학·사상·문화 Vol.0 No.22

This paper aims paradoxically the necessity of anxiety through the reilluminations of the philosophical(Kierkegaard) and psychodramatical(Moreno) meanings of anxiety. Kierkegaard asserts that only the spiritual being i.e., a human can experience anxiety. He sees anxiety as a psychological state that human as a free being experiences when he leaps qualitatively from one state to another state. The person who seeks stability without the true human spirit, that is, the person who is bound by unfreedom cannot experience anxiety. Only, through the infinite free spirit, a finite human can experience anxiety. That is, for Kierkegaard, anxiety is a person's psychological state facing the possibility of freedom. In psychotherapy area, anxiety is not always treated as something that needs to be removed. As a synthesis of psychotherapy, psychodrama relates anxiety to trying to return to a cosmic being. Human as a cosmic being is eager forr free transformation to the whole universe, and anxiety occurs in cosmic hunger to maintain cosmic identity. It is related with trying to reach a role reversal with the whole universe, attempting to have creative encounters with other beings. Anxiety is the state of hunger for this encounter. As indicated above, for Kierkegaard and psychodrama, anxiety is understood in the prospect freedom and encounter, and by fully suggesting the different view of value and necessity of anxiety, it provides the new power of starting a life from anxiety. 이 논문은 ‘불안’의 의미에 대한 임상철학적인 재조명을 통해 인간 삶에서의 불안의 가치, 불안의 필요성을 역설적으로 주장하려는 데에 목적이 있다. 키르케고르는 정신적인 존재인 인간만이 불안을 경험한다고 하였다. 그는 자유로운 존재인 인간이 어떤 한 상태에서 다른 상태로 질적비약을 할 때 경험하는 심리 상태를 불안으로 보고 있다. 진정한 인간 정신을 지니지 못한 채 안정을 추구하는 사람, 부자유에 얽매인 사람은 이런 불안을 경험하지 못한다. 오직 무한히 자유롭고자 하는 정신을 통해서만 유한한 인간이 불안을 경험할 수 있다. 즉, 키르케고르에게 불안은 곧 자유의 가능성 앞에 놓인 개인이 경험하는 심리 상태이다. 정신치료 영역에서도 불안이 제거해야 할 요소로만 취급되는 것은 아니다. 다양한 정신치료 방법들을 종합하며 등장한 사이코드라마는, 불안을 인간이 우주적인 존재로 돌아가려는 것과 연관 짓는다. 우주적 존재인 인간은 온 우주로의 자유로운 변환을 갈망하며, 온 우주와의 이 동일성을 유지하려는 우주적 갈증에 의해 야기되는 것이 바로 불안이다. 그것은 온 우주와 역할교대하려는 것, 다른 존재와 창조적 만남을 가지려는 갈망과 관련된다. 따라서 불안은 이런 만남을 갈망하는 상태에 다름 아니다. 이처럼 키르케고르와 사이코드라마의 불안은 자유와 만남이라는 지평에서 이해되는 것으로서, 불안한 인간에게 불안의 가치와 필요성에 관해 완전히 다른 관점을 제시하여 불안으로부터 삶을 시작하는 새로운 힘을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.