In vitro Anti-fungal Activity of Various Hydroxylated Fatty Acids Bioconverted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3

Bajpai Vivek K.,Kim, Hak-Ryul,Kang, Sun-Chul The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2006 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.49 No.4

The in vitro anti-fungal activity of hydroxylated fatty acids obtained from microbial conversion by Psuedomonas aeruginosa PR3 using ricinoleic acid(RA), eicosadienoic acid(EDA) and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) as substrates, was investigated. Bioconverted hydroxylated fatty acids showed different anti-fungal activities potentials against the range of phytopathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotonia sclerotiorum, Colletotricum capsici, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora capsici. RA and EDA showed up to 50% fungal mycelial inhibition at the concentration of $5{\mu}l\;ml^{-1}$. RA, EDA and CLA also exhibited anti-fungal activities with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), ranging from 500 to $1000{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Screening was also carried out using varied concentrations of bioconverted RA and EDA for determining the anti-fungal effect on the spore germination of different fungi. Bioconverted RA and EDA showed a considerable degree of spore germination inhibition.

Anti-fungal action of bioconverted eicosapentaenoic acid (bEPA) against plant pathogens

Bajpai, V.K.,Shin, S.Y.,Kim, H.R.,Kang, S.C. Elsevier 2008 Industrial crops and products Vol.27 No.1

Bioconverted eicosapentaenoic acid (bEPA), obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, was assessed for its in vitro and in vivo anti-fungal potential. Mycelial growth inhibition of the tested plant pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phyptophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Colletotrichum capsici) was measured in vitro. bEPA at the concentration of 5μl/ml inhibited 52-60% fungal mycelial growth for all of the plant pathogens in vitro except S. sclerotiorum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of bEPA were found in the range of 250-500μg/ml. Also, bEPA had a detrimental effect on spore germination for all the tested plant pathogens. Three plant pathogenic fungi (F. oxysporum, P. capsici and C. capsici) were subjected to an in vivo anti-fungal screening. bEPA at the initial concentration of 3000μg/ml had a 100% anti-fungal effect against all of the tested plant pathogens. Concentrations of bEPA corresponding to 1500, 500 and 300μg/ml were applied to the plants and revealed promising anti-fungal effects, supporting bEPA as a potential anti-fungal agent.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Certain 3,4-Disubstituted-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles and Their Hydrazino Derivatives

R. H. Udupi*,Sudheendra,Bheemachari,N. Srinivasulu,Rajesh Varnekar,Puranik Purushottamachar 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.12

3-Aryloxy methyl-4-(N-pyrazin-2yl carboxamido)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (3a1-a14) were prepared starting from potassium dithio carbazinates (2a1-a14). These triazoles were then employed in the synthesis of 3-aryloxy methyl-4-(N-pyrazin-2yl carboxamido)-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazoles (4a1-a14). All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical, IR, NMR spectral studies. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Most of the compounds have shown significant antifungal activity while few have shown excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. An attempt is made to study the structure activity relationship (SAR).

Rahnella aquatilis AY2000균 유래의 항 효모물질의 작용양상

박혜지,강민정,이종환,김광현,Park, Hae-Ji,Kang, Min-Jung,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Kwang-Hyeon 한국미생물학회 2011 미생물학회지 Vol.47 No.2

항 진균제의 인체에 대한 부작용을 완화시키는 방법은 부작용이 적은 새로운 항 진균제 개발이나 기존 항 진균제와 혼용하여 상승효과를 나타내는 물질이 필요하다. 이를 위해 Rahnella aquatilis AY2000가 생산하는 항 효모물질은 일종의 단백질성 고분자 물질이란 점에서 기존 항 진균제와 차이가 있다. 이 항 효모물질은 유도기나 대수증식 기에 있는 효모 생육을 억제시켰으며, cell cycle 분석에서 sub-G1기에 속하는 세포수의 증가 없이 세포를 arrest시켰다. 따라서 항 효모물질은 Candida albicans에 정균작용을 나타내었다. 또한 in vitro 실험에서 이 항 효모물질과 itraconazole이나 fluconazole을 병용한 후 fractional inhibitory concentration index 분석을 행한 결과 항 효모활성이 더욱 상승되었다. 결론적으로 이 항 효모물질은 정균 작용을 가질 뿐만 아니라 azole계의 항 진균제와 혼용하면 상승효과를 가짐으로 부작용이 적은 새로운 개념의 항 진균제로 개발할 가치가 있을 것이라고 생각된다. For reduction of side effects by anti-fungal agents, a less toxic anti-fungal substance or a synergistic substance with a new mechanism is needed. The anti-yeast substance (AYS) originated from Rahnella aquatilis strain AY2000 is like to be a heterogeneous protein. The AYS inhibited the growth of Candida albicans in culture broth, and AYS-treated cells were arrested in each phase during cell cycle. Among AYS-treated cells, the population of the cells belonging to sub-G1 phase was not increased during cell cycle. Therefore, AYS has rather yeaststatic than yeastcidal effect to C. albicans. Moreover, with combination of itraconazole or fluconazole, AYS had a synergistic anti-yeast activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on the analysis of fractional inhibitory concentration index.

Construction of a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain as an integrated control agent to control plant diseases and insect pests

Jong Yul Roh,Jae Young Choi,Yong Wang,Hee Jin Shim,Qin Liu,Hong Guang Xu,Jin-Cheol Kim,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

A new Bacillus subtilis isolate showed high anti-fungal activities (more than 80% control efficacy) against several plant diseases such as rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). We tried to confer an insecticidal activity to this B. subtilis isolate for constructing a recombinant strain which has dual functions, anti-fungal and insecticidal activity. The insecticidal cry1Ac gene of B. thuringiensis was constructed under its own promoter in a minimal E. coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pHT1K-1Ac). The plasmid, pHT1K-1Ac was introduced into B. subtilis isolate by electroporation and the transformant was confirmed by PCR with cry1Ac specific primers. B. subtilis transformant produced a parasporal inclusion in the cells as in B. thuringiensis and the size of that protein was appox. 130 kDa. The insecticidal activity of the transformant was checked against lepidopteran pest, Plutella xylostella. This result suggests that this recombinant B. subtilis strain shows the possibility of controlling harmful insect pests as well as plant fungal diseases simultaneously at one crop, and both culture broth and harvested cells of this strain can be used as individual biological control agents separately for integrated crop protection.

Effects of <i>Sparassis crispa</i> in Medical Therapeutics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Thi Nhu Ngoc, Le,Oh, You-Kwan,Lee, Young-Jong,Lee, Young-Chul MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.5

<P>In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and medical applications of <I>Sparassis crispa</I> (<I>S. crispa</I>) by conducting a systematic review of the existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. The original efficacy treatment of the mushroom extract is considered primarily and searched in electronic databases. A total of 623 articles were assessed, 33 randomized controlled experiments were included after the manual screening, and some papers, review articles, or editorials that did not contain data were excluded. A comparative standard means difference (SMD) and a funnel plot between control and <I>S. crispa</I> groups were used as parameters to demonstrate the beneficial effects of <I>S. crispa</I> for diabetes and cancer treatment, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and antioxidant activities. The meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.1 software. Although for therapeutic diabetes there was heterogeneity in the subgroup analysis (I<SUP>2</SUP> = 91.9%), the overall results showed statistically significant SMDs in major symptoms that decreased serum insulin levels (SMD = 1.92, 95% CI (1.10, 2.75), I<SUP>2</SUP> = 0%), wound rates (SMD = 3.55 (2.56, 4.54), I<SUP>2</SUP> = 40%) and contributions to an increase in nutrient intake content (SMD = 0.32 (−0.15, 0.78), I<SUP>2</SUP> = 0%). Simultaneously, the study confirmed the utility of <I>S. crispa</I> treatment in terms of not only anti-cancer activity (reduction of tumor activity and survival of cancer cells I<SUP>2</SUP> = 42 and 34%, respectively) but also anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and antioxidant activities (I<SUP>2</SUP> = 50, 44, and 10%, respectively). Our findings suggest that <I>S. crispa</I> extracts are useful for prevention and treatment of human diseases and might be the best candidates for future medicines.</P>

Antifungal Activity of Bee Venom and Sweet Bee Venom against Clinically Isolated Candida albicans

Lee, Seung-Bae KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of bee venom (BV) and sweet bee venom (SBV) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) clinical isolates. Methods: In this study, BV and SBV were examined for antifungal activities against the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) strain and 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans. The disk diffusion method was used to measure the antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed by using a broth microdilution method. Also, a killing curve assay was conducted to investigate the kinetics of the anti-fungal action. Results: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans that were cultured from blood and the vagina by using disk diffusion method. The MIC values obtained for clinical isolates by using the broth microdilution method varied from $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ to $125{\mu}g/mL$ for BV and from $15.63{\mu}g/mL$ to $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ for SBV. In the killing-curve assay, SBV behaved as amphotericin B, which was used as positive control, did. The antifungal efficacy of SBV was much higher than that of BV. Conclusion: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against C. albicans clinical strains that were isolated from blood and the vagina. Especially, SBV might be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans clinical isolates.

Antifungal Activity of Bee Venom and Sweet Bee Venom against Clinically Isolated Candida albicans

이승배 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of bee venom (BV) and sweet bee venom (SBV) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) clinical isolates. Methods: In this study, BV and SBV were examined for antifungal activities against the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) strain and 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans. The disk diffusion method was used to measure the antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed by using a broth microdilution method. Also, a killing curve assay was conducted to investigate the kinetics of the anti- fungal action. Results: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans that were cultured from blood and the vagina by using disk diffusion method. The MIC values obtained for clinical isolates by using the broth microdilution method varied from 62.5 μg/ mL to 125 μg/mL for BV and from 15.63 μg/mL to 62.5 μg/mL for SBV. In the killing-curve assay, SBV behaved as amphotericin B, which was used as positive control, did. The antifungal efficacy of SBV was much higher than that of BV. Conclusion: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against C. albicans clinical strains that were isolated from blood and the vagina. Especially, SBV might be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans clinical isolates.

Microbiology ; In vitro Anti-fungal Activity of Various Hydroxylated Fatty Acids Bioconverted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3

Vivek K. Bajpai,Hak Ryul Kim,Sun Chul Kang 한국응용생명화학회 2006 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.49 No.4

Natural Products,Organic Chemistry ; Anti-fungal Activity of Bioconverted Oil Extract of Linoleic Acid and Fractionated Dilutions against Phytopathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea

Vivek Bajpai,Seung Yong Shin,Min Jeong Kim,Hak Ryul Kim,Sun Chul Kang 한국응용생명화학회 2004 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.47 No.4