광양 폐금광산에서 생성되는 산성광산배수와 황갈색 철수산화물의 지화학적 성분에 대한 계절적 변화 특성

박천영,한오형,신대윤,홍영의 한국자원공학회 2009 한국자원공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

The object of this study was to investigate the seasonal characteristic variations of the geochemical components of acid mine drainage and the yellow-colored iron hydroxide formed in the abandoned GwangYang gold mine. Sampling of the acid mine drainage and the yellow-colored iron hydroxide were carried out over several months in the study area. The pH value of the acid mine drainage from the dump of the waste rock varied from 3.02 (July) to 3.96 (February). In the results of this study components such as SO4, Fe and As in acid mine drainage had the highest value in September when the average amount of rainfall recorded was the highest. In the Eh-pH diagram, most of the Fe ions from 12 samples of measurement had values to plot in the stability area of the ferrous iron, and these were also supersaturated with respect to goethite and hematite. The composition of the yellow-colored iron hydroxide consisted mainly of Fe2O3 (average=59.94 wt%), SiO2 (average=8.65 wt%) and S (average=2.58 wt%). The content of Fe2O3 ranged from 36.7 wt% (the lowest in September) to 68.64 wt% (the highest in December). The contents of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, K2O, TiO2, Ba, Cr, Ni, Sc, Sr and Zr in the yellow-colored iron hydroxide were measured to have the highest value in September but the content of Fe2O3 was recorded to have the lowest value in the same month. Goethite and quartz were identified in yellow-colored iron hydroxide by x-ray powder diffraction. Goethite peaks of the XRD in the yellow-colored hydroxide were well developed in the dry season, but quartz peaks were mainly found in rainy season. In the IR analysis, the OH-stretching vibration, the γ-OH bending vibration and the δ-OH-bending vibration of diagnostic absorption bands for goethite were well found in the yellow-colored iron hydroxide. In the SEM analysis, Thiobacillus species were identified in acid mine drainage of 3.02 pH value (July), those microbes were rod shaped, and their length ranged from 0.5 μm to 2.55 μm and were a Gram negative strain. 광양 폐 금광산에서 형성되는 산성광산배수와 황갈색 철수산화물에 대한 계절적 변화특성을 연구하고자 매월 산성광산배수와 황갈색 철수산화물을 채취하였다. 산성광산배수의 pH 변화는 3.02(7월)에서 3.96(2월)로 변화하였다. 산성광산배수 중에 함유되어 있는 SO4, Fe 및 As 성분들은 강우량이 가장 많은 9월에 가장 높게 나타났다. Eh-pH 관계도에서 Fe 이온 종(species)은 12개월 대부분 Fe+2 이온이 안정한 영역에 도시되고, 역시 침철석과 적철석에 대하여 대부분 과포화로 나타났다. 황갈색 철수산화물은 Fe2O3(평균=59.94 wt%), SiO2(평균=8.65 wt%), S(평균=2.58 wt%) 및 Al2O3(평균=1.67 wt%) 등으로 구성되어 있으며, Fe2O3 함량이 36.7 wt%(가장 낮은 값= 9월)에서 68.64 wt%(가장 높은 값= 12월) 범위로 나타났다. 황갈색 철수산화물에 함유되어 있는 SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, K2O, TiO2, Ba, Cr, Ni, Sc, Sr 및 Zr 등의 함량들은 월평균강우량이 가장 많은 9월에 가장 높게 나오지만 Fe 함량은 9월에 가장 낮게 나오고 있었다. 황갈색 철수산화물에 대한 XRD 분석결과 침철석과 석영이 관찰되었으며, 침철석에 해당되는 XRD peak들이 건기에 잘 발달되어 나타나지만, 우기에는 석영의 peak들이 관찰된다. 황갈색 철수산화물에 대한 IR분석에서 침철석을 판별하는 vOH, (δ-OH) 및 (γ-OH) 등의 흡수밴드들이 잘 관찰되었다. pH가 3.02(7월)인 산성광산배수에서 Thiobacillus 종(species)로 판단되는 미생물체들이 SEM 분석에서 관찰되었다. 이들 미생물체들은 막대 모습이고, 길이가 0.5 μm에서 2.55 μm이고 그리고 Gram 염색에서 음성으로 나타났다.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage by Adsorption and Coagulation using Fly Ash

( Patricia Jitta Abdulai ),( Soo-koo Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has emerged as one of the greatest environmental threats facing mining industry owing to its characteristic low pH, high acidity and elevated concentrations of metals and sulphate content. This study evaluates the efficiency of fly ash as a low cost material to remove heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb) from AMD. The effects of varying contact time, dosage and pH on adsorption were investigated using synthetically prepared AMD. The experiments was conducted in series of batches for adsorption using a mechanical shaker with 50mL AMD at various dosages of fly ash (0.1 - 0.8g/L) and coagulation using a standard jar tester of 1000mL AMD with chemical coagulant dosages (0.5 - 10g/L). Tests were also conducted with 50mL AMD without fly to evaluate the treatment efficiency of fly ash to chemicals. All tests were performed in duplicate for consistency and accuracy. The chemical composition of fly ash was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the result shows the fly ash is rich in calcium (CaO 54.9%). Leaching test of the fly ash was conducted using KLST and TCLP method to compare the results and evaluate the behavior of leaching ash in replenishing acidic media at low pH such as acid mine drainage. pH plays a significant role in heavy metal uptake in this study with increased in pH value the removal rate increased. The optimum dosage for Adsorption was found to be 0.4g/L with 60 min optimum contact time and coagulation 6mg/L with reduced metal concentrations much less than regulation standards for Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb. From all tests conducted fly ash proves more efficient with over 96% removal even at low dosages. The effectiveness of the treatment process will depend on the quality of the fly ash and the AMD. Therefore the use of fly ash for treatment of mine wastewater would represent a new market opportunity for this waste product. Recycling of fly ash will conserve the natural raw materials and abridge the disposal cost. It will also create new revenues and business opportunities while protecting the environment. Most significantly, the two waste products acid mine drainage and fly Ash could be neutralized and when reacted together to produce much cleaner water broadly compared to post process water derived from Lime treated AMD and sulfates removal rates were in the range of 90% in both experiments. Fly ash is more economical, sustainable.

일광광산 산성광산배수 처리를 위한 Zeolite-Slag 세라믹에 대한 기초연구

이영남 ( Yeong-nam Lee ),임수빈 ( Soo-bin Yim ) 한국수처리학회 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study investigated the characteristics of Zeolite-Slag ceramics (ZS ceramics) for the treatment of acid mine drainage from Il-kwang Mine(Il-kwang Mine drainage). The concentration of heavy metals in Il-kwang Mine drainage have been observed as elevated in spring and summer seasons with high precipitation. The batch test showed that a mixing ratio of zeolite to slag, a calcination temperature, a mixing concentration of wood flour could influence the removal of Il-kwang Mine drainage. Optimal conditions for the drainage treatment were found to be 1:1∼1:3 mixing ratio of zeolite to slag, 800℃ of calcination temperature, and a 10% of mixing ratio of wood flour. In kinetic test, the heavy metals Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn(except for Mn) were eliminated rapidly, most within five hours of reaction time. Moreover, the removal efficiency of heavy metals by ZS ceramics increased as the dose of ZS ceramics increased. When prepared in the optimal condition, the ZS ceramics showed very high removal efficiencies for heavy metals such as Al 99.9%, As 96.0%, Cd 99.9%, Cu 99.8%, Fe 99.7%, Pb 96.9% and Zn 98.2%. The Mn results were slightly less at 81.4%.

강원도내 갱내 산성폐수의 수질 특성

박영구 ( Young Goo Park ),박준석 ( Joon Seok Park ),김승호 ( Seung Ho Kim ) 한국유화학회 2004 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.21 No.3

N/A This study was performed to evaluate characteristic of acid mine drainages (AMD) from abandoned mines in Kangwon-Do. Youngdong abandoned mine, and Soo and Hambaek abandoned mines in Hamtae were selected for this study. Average pHs of the mine drainages were 3-6.5, and those of Youngdong and Hambaek drainages were very acidic as 3-4. SO₄^(2-) of Youngdong and Hambaek drainages were over 1,600 ㎎/L, which higher than average value (845 ㎎/L) of acid mine drainages in nationwide. Cu, Mn, and As concentrations of the drainages were lower than `Pollutant Discharge Permission`. Fe concentrations of Youngdong and Hambaek drainages were approximately 96 ㎎/L, which were two times higher than average value in nationwide. From correlation analysis using SPSS, significant correlation was not discovered between `contaminants` analyzed in three acid mine drainages.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage by Adsorption and Coagulation using Fly Ash

Patricia Jitta Abdulai,Soo-Koo Lee 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has emerged as one of the greatest environmental threats facing mining industry owing to its characteristic low pH, high acidity and elevated concentrations of metals and sulphate content. This study evaluates the efficiency of fly ash as a low cost material to remove heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb) from AMD. The effects of varying contact time, dosage and pH on adsorption were investigated using synthetically prepared AMD. The experiments was conducted in series of batches for adsorption using a mechanical shaker with 50mL AMD at various dosages of fly ash (0.1 - 0.8g/L) and coagulation using a standard jar tester of 1000mL AMD with chemical coagulant dosages (0.5 - 10g/L). Tests were also conducted with 50mL AMD without fly to evaluate the treatment efficiency of fly ash to chemicals. All tests were performed in duplicate for consistency and accuracy. The chemical composition of fly ash was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the result shows the fly ash is rich in calcium (CaO 54.9%). Leaching test of the fly ash was conducted using KLST and TCLP method to compare the results and evaluate the behavior of leaching ash in replenishing acidic media at low pH such as acid mine drainage. pH plays a significant role in heavy metal uptake in this study with increased in pH value the removal rate increased. The optimum dosage for Adsorption was found to be 0.4g/L with 60 min optimum contact time and coagulation 6mg/L with reduced metal concentrations much less than regulation standards for Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb. From all tests conducted fly ash proves more efficient with over 96% removal even at low dosages. The effectiveness of the treatment process will depend on the quality of the fly ash and the AMD. Therefore the use of fly ash for treatment of mine wastewater would represent a new market opportunity for this waste product. Recycling of fly ash will conserve the natural raw materials and abridge the disposal cost. It will also create new revenues and business opportunities while protecting the environment. Most significantly, the two waste products acid mine drainage and fly Ash could be neutralized and when reacted together to produce much cleaner water broadly compared to post process water derived from Lime treated AMD and sulfates removal rates were in the range of 90% in both experiments. Fly ash is more economical, sustainable.

A feasibility study on CO2 sequestration using the neutralization process of acid mine drainage

Hyun-Cheol Lee,Kyoung-Won Min,Eui-Young Seo 한국자원공학회 2016 Geosystem engineering Vol.19 No.6

Among various technologies for capturing and storing CO2, mineral carbonation technology stores CO2 by reacting natural minerals and industrial by-products containing a lot of Ca or Mg with CO2, and resultantly forming carbonate minerals. Mineral carbonation is one of the safest methods for the sequestration of CO2 as thermodynamically stable carbonate minerals. As a method for CO2 sequestration, this study utilized the neutralization process of mine drainage using hydrated lime. This method captures CO2 through CO2 injection into the neutralization process, resultantly forming calcium carbonate. The carbonation treatment was conducted using mine drainage collected from abandoned coal mines. The carbonation treatment of the neutralized mine drainage samples from three mine areas resulted in forming calcite precipitates of different amounts, and no additional environmental problems occurred through CO2 injection into the mine drainage. The estimated capacity of CO2 sequestration through the carbonation treatment of mine drainage from one mine area was of a considerable level (0.54 g CO2/kg mine drainage). Additionally, for CO2 immobilization efficiency, it is necessary to estimate the optimum volume of CO2 injection through thorough preliminary tests. Conclusively, CO2 sequestration using the neutralization process of mine drainage can be evaluated as a positive technique in terms of sustainable development.

일광광산의 절리분포 특성과 광산배수 산성도의 관계

최재영 ( Jae Young Choi ),엄정기 ( Jeong Gi Um ),권현호 ( Hyun Ho Kwon ),심연식 ( Yon Sik Shim ) 대한지질공학회 2010 지질공학 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구는 부산광역시 기장군 일광면 일대의 일광광산 주변에 위치한 절리암반에 대하여 추계론적 해석기법을 적용하여 삼차원 절리연결구조를 구현하고 절리의 기하학적 특성에 따른 광산배수 산성도의 특성을 고찰하였다. 절리 분포특성을 규명하기 위하여 산성광산배수 발생 가능지역을 중심으로 지표 선형조사선 과 시추공영상촬영에 의한 절리조사를 실시하였다. 일광광산의 현장실험 암반에 대한 삼차원 절리연결구조 모델이 추계론적으로 구현되었다. 예측된 절리분포의 타당성을 검토한 결과 모사된 삼차원 절리연결구조는 현장암반의 절리 분포특성을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났으며 광산배수 유동에 대한 개관적인 개념을 제공할 수 있다. 현장에서 자연수 주입으로 산성배수를 유도하기 위한 주입공 1공 및 관측공 3공이 설치되었다. 총 29일 동안 주입공으로 투입된 자연수를 모니터링한 결과 절리연결구조에 따른 절리의 기하학적 모수와 산성광산배수 발생 간에 상관성이 있는 것으로 해석되었다. 절리주향의 상대빈도가 상대적으로 큰 방향으로의 관측공에서 높은 값의 pH를, 그리고 낮은 값의 SO4(2-) 농도가 측정되었다. 전반적인 추세는 절리주향의 상대빈도가 증가할수록 pH는 로그함수적인 증가를 보이며 SO4(2-) 농도는 로그함수적인 감소를 나타내며 높은 결정계수의 상관성을 갖는다. 절리밀도가 상대적으로 큰 방향으로의 관측공에서 낮은 값의 pH를, 그리고 높은 값의 SO4(2-) 농도가 측정되었다. 전반적인 추세는 1-D절리밀도가 증가할수록 pH는 음지수함수적인 감소를 보이며 SO4(2-) 농도는 지수함수적인 증가를 나타낸다. We established a stochastic 3-D fracture network system for fractured rock masses located in Il-Gwang Mine, Busan, to explore the relationship between the acidity of mine drainage and fracture geometry. A field scanline survey and borehole image processing were performed to estimate the best probability distributions of fracture geometry parameters. The stochastic 3-D fracture network system constructed for the rock masses was validated and deemed to be successful. The 3-D fracture network model was suitable for developing conceptual ideas on fluid flow in fractures at a field experimental site. An injection well and three observation wells were drilled at the field experimental site to monitor the acidity of mine drainage induced by the injection of fresh water. The field experiment, which was run for 29 days, yielded a significant relationship (with a high coefficient of determination) between the fracture geometry parameters and the acidity of mine drainage. The results show that pH increased with increasing relative frequency of fracture strike, and decreased with increasing fracture density. The concentration of SO4(2-) decreased with increasing relative frequency of fracture strike, and increased with increasing fracture density.

광산배수 수질특성에 따른 SAPS 기질물질의 적용방안 개선 연구

박현성,김동관,오연수,지원현,박미정,이지수,이종운,고명수 한국자원공학회 2018 한국자원공학회지 Vol.55 No.5

Batch experiments were carried out to assess the influence of organic substrate in SAPS using five different mine drainages. The mine drainages types were divided into two groups according to their acidity. Mushroom compost was used in the mine drainage remediation experiments as a substrate materials. The pH, TOC, and cation concentrations rapidly increased in all batch experiments after reaction. The ORP values decreased at below -300 mV after the 14th day. The dissolved Fe and S had decreased by iron- and sulfate-reduction after 14 days. The dissolved Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn could be removed as precipitates of metal (hydro)oxides and sulfides at the experimental conditions. However, abundant sulfate remained in the SM mine drainage after remediation experiments. The SM mine was highly acidic and had high Fe3+ concentration, initially. Therefore, the results indicated that the conventional design of an organic substrate layer in SAPS would have to be modified depending on the acidity of the mine drainage. 광산배수의 지구화학적 특징에 따라 SAPS에 적용하는 기질물질이 정화효율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험에 사용한 광산배수는 총 5개로 각각의 산도에 따라 두 그룹으로 나누었다. 기질물질은 양송이 버섯 폐상퇴비를 사용하였다. 실험을 진행하는 동안 모든 모든광산배수의 pH가 7.0 이상으로 상승하였고, TOC 및 주요 양이온의 농도 가 증가하였다. 약 14일 경과 후 ORP는 -300 mV를 보여 환원환경이 조성된 것으로 판단되며 Fe와 S의 거동에서도 철 환원과 황환원 반응이 나타났다. 용존된 Fe, Al, Cu, Zn는 실험이 진행된 pH와 ORP조건에서 금속(수)산화물 또는 황 화물로 침전 및 제거 되었다. 그러나 산도가 높고 Fe3+의 농도가 높은 SM의 광산배수에서는 실험이 진행되는 동안 다 량의 황산염이 용존되어 나타났다. 본 결과를 바탕으로 SAPS 설계 시 일관된 기질물질 층을 적용하기 보다는 광산배 수의 지구화학적 특성을 고려하여 기질물질 층의 높이와 기능성 기질물질 층을 고려해야 한다.

Removal of heavy metals and neutralisation of acid mine drainage with un-activated attapulgite

Thabo Falayi,Freeman Ntuli 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Unactivated attapulgite was characterised and utilised as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal and neutralisation of acid mine drainage (AMD) from a gold mine. Adsorption experiments were carried out by agitation of a fixed amount of attapulgite with a fixed volume of AMD in a thermostatic shaker for varying times. Attapulgite showed that it can neutralise acid mine drainage as the pH after 4 h was 7.11. The results showed that metal ion removal after 4 h was 100% for Cu(II) and Fe(II), 93% for Co(II), 95% for Ni(II) and 66% for Mn(II) using a 10% (w/v) attapulgite loading. The experimental data best fit the Langmuir Isotherm with maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II) being 0.0053, 0.0044, 0.0019, 0.01, and 0.0053 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process fitted well the pseudo first order kinetics for Co(II) and Cu(II) and pseudo second order for Ni(II), Mn(II) and Fe(II). Thermodynamic data show that Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II) adsorption was thermodynamically spontaneous whilst Mn(II) was not thermodynamically spontaneous. The process is endothermic for Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II) and exothermic for Fe(II). Spent attapulgite (attapulgite that has already been used to remove metals) could be reused twice without regeneration.

Microbial Amelioration of Acid Mine Drainage Impaired Soil using the Bacterial Consortia of Klebsiella sp. and Raoultella sp.

박선영,이기원,김창균 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.1

Acid mine drainage (AMD) resulting from pyrite oxidation in mining areas, subsequently leads to soil acidificationaccompanied by lowering pH and high concentration of metals and metalloids in its surrounding environment. Regardingto this, the microbial amelioration has been considered as a promising option for a more cost-effective and eco-friendliercountermeasure, compared to the use of alkaline chemicals. This study was aimed to evaluate influencing factors inmicrobially-mediated amelioration of acidic soil spiked by simulated AMD. For this, microcosm experiments wereconducted by acid-neutralizing bacterial consortium (dominated by Klebsiella sp. and Raoultella sp.) under the variousconditions of AMD spikes (0-2,500 mg SO42/L), together with acidic mine soil (0-100 g) or sphagnum peat (0-5 g) in the200 mL of nutrient medium. The employed bacterial consortium, capable of resisting to high level of sulfate concentration(up to 1,500 mg SO42/L) in low pH, generated the ammonium while concomitantly reduced the sulfate, subsequentlycontributing to the effective soil stabilization with an evolution of soil pH up to neutral. Furthermore, it demonstrates thatsuitable condition has to be tuned for successful microbial metabolism to facilitate with neutralization during practicalapplication.