Correlation between Abdominal Fat Distribution and Abdominal Temperature in Korean Premenopausal Obese Women

Song, Eun-Mo,Kim, Eun-Joo,Kim, Koh-Woon,Cho, Jae-Heung,Song, Mi-Yeon The Society of Korean Medicine 2013 대한한의학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Objectives: Considering that homeothermy is a major component of metabolic rate, body temperature might play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and abdominal temperature in Korean, premenopausal, obese women. Methods: Weight and height were measured in 26 premenopausal, obese women to calculate body mass index (BMI). Obesity was defined as a $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$. Waist circumference (WC) was also measured as well as abdominal fat by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal temperature by digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI). Results: Visceral abdominal fat area was found to have a significant negative correlation with the temperature of Guanyuan (CV4, lower abdomen acupoint). We also found the visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio had a significant negative correlation with the temperature of CV4 and Right Tianshu (RST25, lateral navel acupoint). Only visceral fat and its ratio to subcutaneous fat had a significant correlation with abdominal temperature. Subcutaneous fat area and total fat area were not correlated with abdominal temperature. Conclusions: This study suggests that abdominal visceral fat has a significant negative correlation with abdominal temperature. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and temperature regulation in obese individuals and to define the role of body temperature in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Correlation between Abdominal Fat Distribution and Abdominal Temperature in Korean Premenopausal Obese Women

Eun-Mo Song,Eun-Joo Kim,Koh-Woon Kim,Jae-Heung Cho,Mi-Yeon Song 대한한의학회 2013 대한한의학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Correlation between Abdominal Fat Distribution and Abdominal Temperature in Korean Premenopausal Obese Women

송은모,김은주,김고운,조재흥,송미연 대한한의학회 2013 대한한의학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Objectives: Considering that homeothermy is a major component of metabolic rate, body temperature might play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and abdominal temperature in Korean, premenopausal, obese women. Methods: Weight and height were measured in 26 premenopausal, obese women to calculate body mass index (BMI). Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25kg/m2. Waist circumference (WC) was also measured as well as abdominal fat by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal temperature by digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI). Results: Visceral abdominal fat area was found to have a significant negative correlation with the temperature of Guanyuan (CV4, lower abdomen acupoint). We also found the visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio had a significant negative correlation with the temperature of CV4 and Right Tianshu (RST25, lateral navel acupoint). Only visceral fat and its ratio to subcutaneous fat had a significant correlation with abdominal temperature. Subcutaneous fat area and total fat area were not correlated with abdominal temperature. Conclusions: This study suggests that abdominal visceral fat has a significant negative correlation with abdominal temperature. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and temperature regulation in obese individuals and to define the role of body temperature in the pathogenesis of obesity.

복부 지방율과 하복부 온도와의 관계

최은미,조정훈,장준복,이경섭,Choi, Eun-Mi,Cho, Jung-Hoon,Jang, Jun-Bock,Lee, Kyung-Sub 대한한방체열의학회 2003 대한한방체열의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Objectives : We intented to know the relations between Waist-to-Hip Ratio(WHR) and the abdominal temperature. Methods : Among the patients who visited the oriental gynecological department in Conmaul oriental medical hospital from 2002. 10. 10 to 2002. 11. 9. 130 women were selected for this study. We measured the abdominal temperature by D.I.T.I and Waist-to-Hip Ratio(WHR) by Inbody. Results and Conclusions 1. As WHR was higher, the abdominal temperature became lower. But there was no significant difference between WHR and the abdominal temperature of the abdominal obesity group and the non-abdominal obesity group in the each state. 2. There was significant difference in the abdominal temperature related with the abdominal obesity The abdominal temperature of the non-abdominal obesity group was higer than that of abdominal obesity group. 3. There was significant difference in the WHR according to the age, but no significant difference in the abdominal temperature according to the age. 4. This study showed that the abdominal temperature became lower among the 30-39 year-old women, as WHR was higher.

칠제향부환(七製香附丸)이 원발성(原發性) 월경통(月經痛) 환자(患者)의 복부(腹部) 및 수장부(手掌部) 온도(手掌部 溫度)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이창훈,조정훈,장준복,이경섭,윤영진,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Cho, Jung-Hoon,Jang, Jun-Bock,Lee, Kyung-Sub,Yoon, Young-Jin 대한한방체열의학회 2006 대한한방체열의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Purpose: We intended to observe the relations between Chiljehyangbuhwan and abdominal & palmar temperature according to primary dysmenorrhea severity. Methods: We selected the 100 primary dysmenorrhea patients by the screening tests (first screening test-inquiry, second screening test-clinical test. additionally WHR (Waist-to-Hip ratio) by Inbody 2.0). By the fixed blocked randomization and double blind method, Chiljehyangbuhwan or placebo was administered for 1 menstration period. Finally, 69 patients remainded. Before and after administration, we measured 4 points abdominal temperature (Chon-jung (CV17), Chung-wan(CV12), Kwan-won(CV4). Chung-guk(CV3)) by DITI(DOREX Inc., USA). And then we checked the difference of temperature $({\Delta}T)$ between CV17 and CV12/CV17 and CV4/CV17 and CV3/CV12 and CV4/CV12 and CV3. Also, we measured 2 points (palmar region, upper front of forearm) for the difference of palmar temperature $({\Delta}T)$. Then, we checked palmar temperature minus upper front of forearm temperature and took an average of right and left ${\Delta}T.$ After that. we compared ${\Delta}T$ with primary dysmenorrhea severity evaluated by VRS (verbal rating scale) and MVRS (multidimensional verbal rating scale). In dysmenorrhea severity. we standardized scale score and 3-group-severity by score (mild, moderate. severe). Besides, we compared palmar ${\Delta}T$ with abdominal ${\Delta}T$. For statistics, we used ANOVA and Spearman's rho correlations. SPSS 13.0 for windows. Results: In case of MVRS, though Chiljehyangbuhwan was correlated to abdominal ${\Delta}T$(CV12 and CV3/CV12 and CV4). it was not correlated to palmar ${\Delta}T$. In case of VRS, though Chiljehyangbuhwan was not correlated to abdominal ${\Delta}T$. it was correlated to palmar ${\Delta}T$. However. palmar ${\Delta}T$ was not correlated to abdominal ${\Delta}T$. Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05). Conclusion: The primary dysmenorrhea patients showed that severity by MVRS was connected with abdominal ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3/CV12 and CV4) and severity by VRS was connected with palmar ${\Delta}T$ after Chiljehyangbuhwan administration. So we can consider Chiljehyangbuhwan partially effects the abdominal & palmar temperature according primary dysmenorrhea severity. However, palmar temperature was not correlated to abdominal temperature. Therefore, we need further study.

The Relationships between Abdominal Temperature and Some Thermoregulatory Responses in Male Broiler Chickens

Zhou, W.T.,Fujita, M.,Ito, T.,Yamamoto, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between abdominal temperature (Tabd) and some thermoregulatory responses, such as heat production (HP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), temperature of external ear tract (Tee), comb surface temperature (Tcs) and shank skin temperature (Tss), for revealing the role of deep body temperature in the thermoregulation of broiler chickens. Tabd was divided into 5 zones of 40-41, 41-42, 42-43, 43-44 and $44-45^{\circ}C$, and maintained for 3 hours in each zone by varying environmental temperature from 11 to $33^{\circ}C$. HP and HR had a greater increase with Tabd above $42.5^{\circ}C$. RR increased markedly with Tabd above $41.5^{\circ}C$, and reached a maximum when Tabd was at $42.5^{\circ}C$, then began to decrease. In addition, HP and HR increased significantly with decrease RR during the decreasing phase of panting. Tcs and Tss changed rapidly with Tabd when Tabd was below $41.5^{\circ}C$, and increased more slowly above $41.5^{\circ}C$. Tee was lower than Tabd, and its increase was less than that of Tabd. These results suggest that changes in thermoregulatory responses are induced by an increase in abdominal temperature. Tabd increases to adjust the ratio of sensible and evaporative heat loss when Tabd is below $42.5^{\circ}C$, while the ability in body temperature regulation gradually disappears when abdominal temperature exceeds $42.5^{\circ}C$ and heat balance can not be maintained.

상복부 개복술 환자의 체온 변화에 관한 연구

김환덕,우수영,이병준,허철회,김문철,조강희 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1S

수술과 마취중 환자의 체온변화는 정도의 차이는 있으나 체온의 하강을 초래하는 것이 대부분이나 경우에 따라서는 체온상승으로 나타나기도 한다. 마취와 수술과정은 정상적인 환자의 항상성 온도조절기능을 변화시키고 커다란 온도적 스트레스를 환자에게 주게 된다. 수술 환자의 열 손실은 대류, 복사, 전도 등으로 일어날 수 있는데 특히 상복부수술시와 같이 체강의 개방으로 인한 체온의 손실이 심하다. 본 저자들은 상복부 개복술을 시행하는 위암 수술을 받는 환자를 대상으로 가열과 가습하지 않은 흡입가스를 사용한 마취와 수술 동안 식도체온계를 사용하여 시간에 따른 환자의 식도심부체온의 변화를 관찰한 결과 체온은 시간이 경과함에 따라 하강하기 시작하여 최저 평균 체온 35.3℃까지 0.9℃ 하강하였고 최저체온까지 평균 119분이 걸렸고 체온하강의 범위는 0.2∼2.8℃로 차이가 심하였다. 따라서 모든 환자가 시간이 경과하면서 체온이 수술과 마취중에는 떨어지며 저체온증을 나타낼수 있으므로 가능한 한 모든 방법을 사용하여 체온을 유지하도록 노력하여야 환자의 빠른 회복을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. It is well known that the body temperature changes during the operation and anesthesia and tend mostly to drop. During the operation, general anesthesia and surgery effect to several factors of the home ostatic thermoregulation that control the body temperature. To understand the body temperature change in the general anesthesia and operation, which exposure the abdominal cavity, authors followed up the esophageal core temperature of the patient. The esophageal core temperatures were measured in 50 patients undergoing total or subtotal gastrectomy for stomach cancer in Seoul Paik Hospital in 10 minutes interval. The esophageal core temperatures were dropped to the range of 35.3 ±0.9℃ (mean±SD), which took 119±47 minutes(mean±SD). There were individual varieties of temperature change(0.2∼2.8℃ ) and elapsed time(30∼190minutes) among patients. It is important for the anesthesiologist to preserve the body temperature during perioperative period of the patient, especially in prolonged operations and surgeries which opens body cavities like the abdominal cavity.

A Study on Abdominal Temperature of Dysmenorrhea Patients

Cho, Jung-hoon,Lee, Kyung-sub INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE KYUNG-HEE UNIVERSIT 1998 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.3 No.1

Dysmenorrhea is one of the common gynecologic disorders of menstruation women. Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain without pelvic pathology, whereas secondary one is painful menstruation with underlying pathology. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is increased endometrial prostaglandin. The mechanisms underlying secondary dysmenorrhea are not elucidated. There are many blood vessels under the skin and they play a very important role in the thermal control of peripheral part. The control of blood circulatin is mainly controlled by autonomic nervous system and it is known that D.I.T.I. (digital infra-red thermographic imaging) is an objective method showing the body temperature. I observed the abdominal temperature of 49 patients complaining of dysmenorrhea who visited the gynecologic department of Pundang Oriental Medical Hospital during 1997. In order to rule out thermal abnormality due to obesity, the cases whose obesity index were above I. were excluded in this study. The mean temperature of lower abdomen of the dysmenorrhea group was 35.22±1.33℃ and control group was 36.01±0.74℃.

궁마사지가 여대생의 월경전증후군 및 월경통에 미치는 영향

김성자(Sung Ja Kim),김주연(Ju Yeon Kim),한채정(Chae Jeong Han) 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The aim of this study was performed to compare the effect of hypertermic therapy, abdominal massage and Gung massage on improvement of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and body temperature. The study subjects were 30 college women with age 20’s who agreed to participated in this study during 8-week period. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the 10 hyperthermic dome group (HD group), 10 abdominal massage group (AM group) and 10 Gung massage group (GM group). The HD group (20 minutes hyperthermic dome), AM group (20 minutes abdominal massage) and GM group (20 minutes Gung therapy) were treated once a week for total 8 times. We measured menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ), visual analogue scale (VAS) and body temperature. After 8 weeks, response of autonomic nervous system was significantly improved (P〈0.05), and body temperature in navel, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, right abdomen and left abdomen were significantly increased (P〈0.05) in HD group. In AM group, pain, response of autonomic nervous system and change of skin were significantly decreased (P〈0.05). In GM group, negative emotion, behavior change, concentration, pain, response of autonomic nervous system, water retention and change of skin were significantly improved (P〈0.05). We observed a increase in body temperature of navel, lumbar region and caucal region in AM group, and all point in GM group (P〈0.05). In both group, VAS was significantly decreased after 8 weeks (P〈0.05). Among three groups, the MDQ on change of skin, and the changes of body temperature in navel, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, right abdomen, lumbar region, caucal region and right hip, and were significantly improved in the GM group than other groups (P〈0.05). Also, the change in VAS differed, with the GM group having the largest decrease than HD and AM group (P〈0.001).

A Study on Abdominal Temperature of Dysmenorrhea Patients

Kim,Yong-suk,Cho,Jung-hoon,Lee,Kyung-sub INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE KYUNG-HEE UNIVERSIT 1999 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.4 No.1

Dysmenorrhea is one of the common gynecologic disorders of menstruating women. Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain without pelvic pathology, whereas secondary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation with underlying pathology. The cause of primary is increased endometrial prostaglandin. The mechanisms underlying secondary dysmenorrhea are not elucidated. There are many blood vessels under the skin and they play a very important role on the thermal control of peripheral part. The control of blood circulation is mainly controlled by autonomic nervous system and it is known that D.I.T.I.(Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging) is an objective method showing the body temperature. In Oriental medicine, the causes of dysmenorrhea have been recognized as something not to be circulated such as qi, blood, and pathologic factors. These conditions can inhibit the circulation of Chong and Ren meridians. We observed the 49 patients complaining of dysmenorrhea who visited our hospital during 1997. In order to rule out the thermal abnormality due to obesity, we used obesity index and excluded the cases were above 1.0. Thermographic observations for this study were made using the Dorex D.I.T.I. on two different abdominal areas. The mean temperature of Square A in dysmenorrhea group was 35.22±1.33℃ and in control group was 36.01±0.74℃. D.I.T.I. revealed the significant hypothermia(p<0.05) on the dysmenorrhea group compared with the control group.