폐고속국도의 생태복원 방안 -영동선 192.4K(인천) 지점을 중심으로-

조동길 ( Dong Gil Cho ),최재용 ( Jae Yong Choi ),전용철 ( Young Chul Jeon ) 한국환경보건기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2010 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Expressways are often upgraded by widening the lanes and/or by reshaping the roads to be more linear for faster travel time. However, during the process of improving the route of the expressways, the areas where the old expressways used to be are often unused and abandoned. When these neglected sites are left alone, they often become dump sites causing pollution and impacting the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is important to restore the abandoned expressway sites to its full natural beauty. In this study, the abandoned expressway at the Soksa interchange in Pyungchang county, located in Kangwon province was studied for establishing the model of ecological restoration project. Considering the characteristics of the site, the target flora species was chosen to be Quercus species and the target fauna species as amphibians. After the target species were carefully chosen, each species` habitat requirements were studied in order to figure out the appropriate methods toward habitat restoration specifically for these species. In addition, to determine the most efficient method toward restoration of abandoned expressways, the study utilized the planting hole techniques, the crack techniques, and the colonization techniques. In terms of the spatial organization, public education program is incorporated at the main entrance area and the programs for experimenting, and developing vegetation and habitat restoration techniques are placed in the vicinity. In the master plan-to provide natural ecosystem at the site-ASCON (asphalt concrete) was removed first, then plans for restoration including species` habitat restoration were established. Furthermore, the project included plans for improving water quality polluted through non-point source considering the surrounding nearby road and farm lands. Finally, the study established a planning process that will experimentally apply to the abandoned expressway restoration method. In the future, there will be a continuous monitoring of the methods applied to verify if the restoration methods are effective. Also, new restoration techniques should be available according to a variety of abandoned expressways` characteristics.

동원 선생 기증품으로 본 과거 복원방법 조사와 제작기술 연구를 통한 과학기술적 재복원

황현성,나아영 한국고고미술연구소 2021 동원학술논문집 Vol.22 No.-

By focusing on White-glazed White Porcelain Figurine on a Flat Bed, a work donated by Lee Hong-kun, this paper compares the commercial restoration it underwent in the past with the restoration methods of today and examines its condition with the naked eye and through scientific instruments. Under ultraviolet light, the restored sections are revealed in blue. Such an unusual phenomenon occurs only in the gifts of Lee and Park Byeong-rae, and not in objects that have been restored using today’s techniques. Among these gifts, most of the ceramics that were restored by a commercial method before being donated by Lee to the National Museum of Korea, discolored into yellow significantly. Under ultraviolet light, most of the yellowed parts emitted a blue color. In order to scientifically determine the cause of the blue emission, White-glazed White Porcelain Figurine on a Flat Bed was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The analyses discovered that a white pigment containing zinc oxide was added to the coloring material to match the color of the clay and glaze for white porcelain. White-glazed White Porcelain Figurine on a Flat Bed was also analyzed utilizing X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to see the interior and reveal the production process. The analysis indicated that some parts of the figurine were restored poorly by distorting the original form during the previous restoration. By supplementing these faults, the figurine was restored it closer to the original state. Moreover, X-ray CT analysis revealed the production procedures of this figurine. First, to make the rectangular flat bed, two of four clay slabs were erected to form the front and back sides of the rectangle, and then the other two for the left and right sides were inserted. The four slabs were reinforced by adding clay onto the interior corners. Next, the figurine was modeled by completely filling the gap between the inner and outer molds with clay and attaching it to the bed. Before the figurine was affixed to the bed, a hole was pierced in the top side of the bed to allow air circulation inside the body of the figurine. The hands and arms were then separately attached. The vines on the back of the flat bed were created by cutting out the background of the vines from the clay slab with a bamboo knife. On the other hand, the vines were shaped with clay to form the armrests, which appear to be naturally connected to the vines on the back. Finally, some previously restored vines that distorted the original were restored closer to their original form during the recent restoration process. It is hoped that this study will assist with modern re-restoration through scientific research on previous commercial restoration and further facilitate scientific and systematic research on the production technology and processes of ancient figurative ceramics.

난온대 상록활엽수림 보전실태 및 복원 2 : 사례지의 식생복원계획

오구균,박석곤 한국환경생태학회 2003 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.17 No.1

난온대 지역인 완도난대수목원과 신지도, 장도 등을 사례연구 대상지를 선정하여, 기초환경 조사 및 훼손등급 사정 후, 산림기능과 복원목표식생 설정, 식생복원유형과 복원기법 등을 구상하여 사례지의 난온대 상록활엽수림 복원계획안을 제시하였다. 사회적 요구와 복원목표 등을 고려하여 산림기능은 생태계보존기능, 풍치보전기능, 임목생산기능으로 구분하였고, 복원목표식생은 붉가시나무림, 구실잣밤나무림, 후박나무림. 생달나무림, 황칠나무림 등으로 설정하였다. 식생복원유형은 보존형 복원형. 재현형, 조림형으로, 복원기법은 훼손등급에 따라 보존, 유도, 개량, 조성으로 세분하였다. To set out restoration plan of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests(EBLF), a case study was done at Wando arboretum, Sinjido and Jangdo(Island). Firstly, basic environmental survey was done and the degrade levels of EBLF was assessed. And the forest functions and restoration goal of vegetation have been established before considering and setting restoration types of vegetation and restoration techniques. Taking social demand and restoration goal etc. into consideration, the forest functions were classified into a ecosystem preservation, scenery conservation and timber production. Quercus acuta Forest, Castanopsis siebodii Forest, Persea thunbergii Forest, Cinnamomum japonicum Forest, Dendropanax morbifera Forest etc. were suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation. Restoration types of vegetation were classified into a preservation type, restoration type, reconstruction type and afforestation type. And restoration techniques were subdivided into a preservation, induction, improvement, and creation according to the degraded levels of EBLF

익산 입점리 고분 출토 금동식리 복원제작 연구

강민정(Kang Min jeong),이현상(Lee Hyun sang),정광용(Chung Kwang yong) 한국조형디자인협회 2017 조형디자인연구 Vol.20 No.1

백제시대 금동식리는 한성기 초반부터 웅진기에 걸쳐 주요한 위세품으로 제작당시의 사회상과 예술성, 그 시대의 공예기술 수준을 알 수 있는 귀중한 자료이다. 금동식리에는 단조기법, 투조기법, 조금기법, 타출기법, 도금기법 등 각종 금속공예기법이 포함되어 있다. 금동식리를 대상으로 한 선행연구는 투조, 조금, 영락 등 장식적 특징이 많은 금동식리가 주를 이루고 있으며, 익산 입점리 고분 출토 금동식리와 같이 타출기법으로만 제작된 식리의 기법연구는 미흡하다. 따라서 전면(全面)에 타출기법만으로 장식된 입점리 금동식리의 복원제작을 통해 백제시대 금동식리의 새로운 공예기법양상을 연구함으로써 그 가치를 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 제작에 앞서 유물실측을 바탕으로 복원도면을 제작하고 모델링 작업을 진행하였으며, 평면가공은 복원의 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 모의실험을 통한 기법 관찰을 실시하였다. 현재까지 출토된 백제시대의 금동식리는 일반적으로 바닥판과 양측판을 포함한 3장의 금속판으로 제작된다. 입점리 금동식리는 형태와 바닥판 스파이크 또한 완형에 가까운 형태를 유지하고 있다. 우측식리의 측면이 일부 훼손된 상태이나 좌측판과 비교를 통해 형태 추정이 가능하다. 입점리 금동식리의 복원제작은 크게 유물 실측, 도면 제작, 외형절단, 평면가공(문양타출), 입체가공(형태성형), 스파이크 제작, 아말감 도금, 결합 순서로 진행하여 복원품을 완성하였다. 입점리 고분 출토 금동식리는 이전시기에 제작된 금동식리와는 달리 표면장식기법이 타출(打出)기법으로만 제작되는 새로운 양상을 보였으며, 이는 변화하는 당시 식리문화의 단면을 볼수있는 중요한 유물이다. 본 연구를 통해 고대기술을 재현함으로써 제작기법 규명 및 문화재 복원제작의 진정성을 확보하고자 하였다. Baekje gilt-bronze shoes is the crucial relic to show the craft technique of Baekje dynasty. Gilt-bronze shoes is fabricated by a variety of the metal craft techniques which are forging, repousse, metal carving, plating etc. The gilt-bronze shoes excavated in the ancient tomb, ibjeom-ri, iksan, which decorated by repousse technique, can inform the newly generated craft technique trend. First of all, the restoration drawing was made, and then the process modeling was proceed through actual survey. And the simulation of the surface manufacturing have done to improve reliability of the restoration. The gilt-bronze shoes in ibjeom-ri, iksan is the one maintained well among the Baekje gilt-bronze shoes, The restoration of the gilt-bronze shoes excavated in the ancient tomb, ibjeom-ri, iksan is completed by actual survey, drawing, cutting, surface manufacturing, three-dimensional manufacturing, spike manufacturing, amalgam plating in sequence. Relic is the one that shows the life style of the ancient period exactly. This study can find manufacturing techniques and restoring production process of cultural heritage by analyzing repousse techniques and reproducing ancient technology

고흥 길두리 안동고분 출토 백제 철제갑주의 복원제작

이현상(Lee Hyun sang),정광용(Chung Kwang yong) 한국조형디자인학회 2016 조형디자인연구 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 고흥 길두리 안동고분에서 출토된 갑주를 조사 연구하여 백제시대 당시의 원형으로 복원 제작한 결과를 정리하였다. 이러한 과정 속에서 보이는 제작기술을 한성시기 갑주의 특징 가운데 일부라고 추정하였다. 길두리 안동고분 출토 갑주는 차양주, 견갑, 횡장판혁철판갑, 이외 접합ㆍ복원되지 않은 다량의 철제 편으로 구성되었다. 이 중 3점의 유물을 대상으로 한 이유는 보존상태가 가장 양호하기 때문에 제작기법을 복원할 수 있었다. 갑주의 복원과정은 유물의 사진촬영, X-ray 조사, 실측, 제작기법 분석, 복원도면 제작, 모델링 제작 및 수정보완 등 각 과정별로 고증과 자문의견을 반영하여 복원품(철판절단, 단조, 표면가공, 리벳, 금태칠, 결합 등)을 제작하였다. 금공위세품 문화가 백제에서 가야, 백제에서 왜로 전해진 양상을 보았을 때 백제유적 출토 갑주 전체를 일본산으로 보는 견해는 문제가 있다. 백제의 경우 갑주류를 부장하기보다는 금속공예품을 중점적으로 부장하는 장례풍습이 존재하였기 때문에 갑주류의 출토 사례가 적을 수 있다고 본다. 문화재 복원제작은 단순히 외형을 비슷하게 만드는 것이 아니라 유물의 상세한 관찰, 관계 전문가의 고증, 제작에 필요한 기술의 복원, 현상의 실측, 도면의 복원, 과학적 분석 등 다양한 학제간 공동 연구를 통하여 가능하다고 판단된다. This study is a description of the restoring production of iron armor at Andong ancient tomb of Gildu-ri Goheung to the original form of Baekje. In this process, the production technology was assumed to be one of the features of armors at the Hanseong Period. Armor at Andong ancient tomb of Gildu-ri consists of Chayangju, Gyeongap, Hoingjangpanhyeokcheolpangap and other iron pieces without joint or restoration. Among them, 3 pieces were restored as they had good preservation status. The restoration process of armor included photograph of relics, X-ray review, actual measurement, analysis of manufacturing technique, restoration drawing manufacturing, modeling manufacturing, revision and complementation, reflection of advisory opinion, and production of restored products (metal cutting, forging, surface processing, rivet, lacquer a piece of metal and joint). As gold work culture was transferred from Baekje to Gaya and Gaya to Japan, there is a view that the whole excavated armor was from Japan. For Baekje, instead of buring armor, they used to bury metal crafts mainly, which may be the reason of the less excavation of armors. The restoring production of a cultural property is not to make similar appearance, but is made possible through interdisciplinary studies including the detail observation of relics, verification of experts, restoration of necessary technology for production, actual measurement of actual image, restoration of drawing and scientific analysis.

나주 신촌리 9호분 출토 금동신발의 원형복원 연구

강민정(Kang, Min-jeong),이현상(Lee, Hyun-sang),정광용(Chung, Kwang-yong) 한국조형디자인학회 2018 조형디자인연구 Vol.21 No.2

백제의 금속공예품 중 금동신발은 금동관과 함께 제작 당시의 문화와 기술의 수준을 잘 보여주는 대표적인 유물이다. 금속공예품은 제작당시의 사회상과 예술성, 실용성 등 그 시대의 문화와 기술 수준을 알 수 있는 귀중한 자료이며, 이러한 금속공예품을 만드는데 있어 다양한 제작기법이 존재한다. 하지만 ‘기법’이란 용도, 사용하는 도구, 장인에 따라 분류가 매우 다양하고, 일제강점기로 인한 문화의 단절과 함께 많은 전통공예기법이 사라진 안타까움이 있다. 신촌리 금동신발의 원형복원 과정을 통해 유물의 외형만 복원하는데 그치지 않고 고대 금속공예기술에 대한 연구를 병행하여 사라져가는 전통공예기법의 기초자료를 구축하고자 한다. 본 논고는 현재까지 발굴된 백제 금동신발의 고분형식, 공반유물, 출토현황, 제작기법을 분류하였고 이를 바탕으로 신촌리 금동신발의 형태학적 특징을 다른 금동신발들과 비교분석하였다. 형태학적으로 조금기법의 방향과 순서를 분석하여 원형복원 과정에 적용하였고 도금실험과정을 거쳐 복원품을 제작하였다. 신촌리 금동신발은 옹관묘에서 1500여년에 가까운 시간을 보내면서 산화되고 파손되어 그 원형을 알아보기 어려웠지만 이번 복원과정을 통해 금동신발이 제작된 당시의 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 원형복원에 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 신촌리 금동신발에 적용된 타출기법을 중심으로 모의시편을 제작하여 도금 횟수와 광쇠질의 사용여부에 따른 금의 밀착력과 두께를 알아보기 위한 모의실험을 진행하여 그 결과를 원형복원과정에 적용하였다. Gilt-bronze shoes is a crucial relic which mirrors level of art and science technology of those days it was made With Gilt-bronze crown, among metal craft works of Baekje. Metal craft techniques: forging, carving, and plating that observed from Gilt-bronze shoes excavated so far are being used as base data to categorize ancient metal craft techniques. However, at this point, precedent studies about Gilt-bronze shoes are mostly about the shoes with decorative, fancy characteristics while studies about analysis of manufacturing techniques are insufficient. This disquisition will restore the object: Gilt-bronze shoes excavated from the ancient tomb No. 9, Sinchon-ri, Naju and execute restoration experiment by natural scientific analysis in order to establish basic data of disappearing ancient metal craft techniques with more accurate basis.

건축문화유산 보존과 관련된 전통기술 논의 고찰 : 숭례문 복구에 있어서의 전통기술 적용 논란을 중심으로

강 현 국립문화재연구원 2014 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.47 No.3

Since the recent restoration of the Sungnyemun gate (South gate of Seoul) which was burnt down in 2008, there were dispute about the application of traditional technique for the conservation of cultural heritage. In this research, the definition of traditional technique for cultural heritage conservation is thought and mentioned. In general, the understanding of traditional technique is based on the idea of ‘tradition’. Tradition is not defined as a ‘eternal doctrine existence’, but a ‘development of succession’ and a ‘living existence’. Thus ‘traditional performance and craft as intangible cultural heritage’ is defined as ‘intangible’ which also makes it difficult to define the ‘original form/state’ from ‘the conservation of the original form’ which is a major principle of cultural heritage. In case of Korea, if the ‘traditional technique as intangible cultural heritage’ is put into application to cultural heritage conservation, the unclear definition will cause many problems in the restoration/conservation site. This is because the site will apply this technique without any discussion of the range and limitation of ‘traditional technique’. This means there will be the lack of discussion for the conservation of the cultural heritage which will not have a strict criteria for the allowable range of usage for the ‘traditional material’ using the vaguely defined ‘traditional technique’. In this study, these application issues of the traditional technique were also considerecl, comparing the development of international wnservation principles. As a result, the conservation of ‘traditional technique as intangible cultural heritage’ is important, but the ‘technique left inside the tangible cultural heritage’ which is the ‘material which is carrying the technique when it was firstly built’ has more importance to preserve and need to be in the major considerations. 최근 2008년 화재로 소실되었다가 복구된 숭례문(崇禮門)의 단청 문제가 제기되면서 문화재 보존에 있어서의 전통기술 적용 문제가 논쟁거리가 되었다. 본고에서는 문화재 보존에 있어서의 전통기술의 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 일반적으로 전통기술에 대한 이해는 기본적으로 ‘전통’에 대한 관념에 기초하고 있다. 전통은 ‘고정불변하는 존재’가 아니라 ‘계승 발전하는 존재’로 보아 ‘살아있는 존재’로 규정되며, 그에 따라 ‘무형문화재로서의 전통연행, 전통공예 등’은 ‘고정된 실체를 가지고 있지 않는 것’으로 규정하고 있으며, 그에 따라 문화재 보존의 기본원칙인 ‘원형 보존’에서 ‘원형’이라는 것이 무엇인지를 정확히 규정하기 어려운 존재로 보고 있다. 한국의 경우 이렇게 원형을 규정하기 어려운 ‘무형문화재로서의 전통기술’이 유형문화재의 보존현장에 적용될 때 그 개념이 명확히 하지 않음으로 인해 보존 현장에서 여러가지 문제를 야기하고 있다. ‘전통기술’의 적용 범위와 한계에 대한 논의 없이 현장에 적용되기 때문이다. 즉 ‘전통재료’를 사용하여 ‘전통기술’로 수복을 하는 것이 허용되는 것은 어디까지이며 문화재의 보존에서 이것이 어떠한 의미를 갖는가에 대한 논의가 결여되어 있기 때문이다. 본고에서는 이러한 전통기술의 적응문제를 국제적인 보존원칙 변화 과정의 검토와 함께 고찰해 보았다. 이러한 고찰 결과 ‘무형문화재로서의 전통기술’의 보존도 중요하지만 ‘유형문화재에 남아 있는 기술’, 더 나아가 ‘제작 당시의 기술을 담고 있는 원래의 재료 보존’이 더욱 중요한 문제라는 점이 고려되어야 한다는 점을 강조하고자 한다.

폐도로 생태복원을 위한 시험시공지 평가 연구 - 경부선 영동군 황간지역 시험시공지에 대한 시공 후 7년 시점의 추적조사 -

전기성 ( Jeon Gi-seong ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2016 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.19 No.5

In the recent years, the incidence of abandoned concrete roads have been increasing rapidly due to road improvements and facilities route construction, these abandoned expressway and unused roads are scattered throughout the country but the management system is not clear, they does not be an effectively managed because there is no maintenance cost. In response to these social concern and expectation, the Korea Expressway Corporation that is management authority of the expressway is developing policy initiatives and various projects to restore the closed road to ecological for eco-friendly projects of the existing expressway. And as part of these projects, Hwanggan IC unmanaged abandoned concrete roads restoration project was done and it was conducting monitoring for ecological restoration that is not one-off but sustainable. After test construction over seven years at the time, test construction of four ways enforced but the boundaries have become blurred over time. And Pinus koraiensis, Callicarpa dichotoma and Sorbaria stellipilla var. typica planted in the site are dominating, else Amorpha fruticosa and Indigofera pseudotinctoria sowed are dominating. Invasive species is that Robinia pseudoacacia was growing in the colony. Over monitoring result time, the vegetation was taking root and the ecosystem was being restore. But the disturbance of vegetation happens due to planting of tree species that doesn`t fit in the restoration area and advent of ecosystem Disturbing Species. The study will be providing a basic data that identify change of plant environment by monitoring of the site and soil environment during June to November 2016 and secure an objective evaluation data by analyzing the effects of ecological restoration for revegetation test bed evaluation for ecological restoration of expressway in ecological restoration construction in later.

Development of a New Concept of Public Facility Recovery for Large-Scale Disasters

Gyu Eo,Chan Hee Lee,Ou Bae Sim 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.12

본 연구는 대규모 복합재해로 인한 피해 발생 시 근원적 피해원인 해소와 재피해 방지를 위해 공공시설에 대한 신개념 복구기법을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우리나라의 경우 공공시설에 대한 복구기법은 피해시설물, 피해지점 중심의 구조적 기능복원에 초점을 두고 있다. 이러한 한계와 국내 대규모 피해사례 원인분석, 선진국의 대규모 재해 복구기법 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 신개념 공공시설 복구기법 개발방향을 설정하였다. 이를 위해 국내 대규모 피해사례와 해외 대규모 복구사례를 집중적으로 분석하여 공공시설 복구기법을 도출하고, 확장성과 범용성을 확보하기 위해 복구기법을 표준화하였다. 이를 도시차원과 지역차원으로 유형화하고, 공간규모를 고려한 기법으로 계층화하여 토지이용과 시설(교통, 공간, 방재 등) 측면의 복구기법을 34개(도시차원 16개, 지역차원 18개) 도출하였다. 최종적으로 복구기법의 적용방안(절차, 방법 등)을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop anew concept technique of public facility restoration in order to prevent damage from large-scale complex disasters. In Korea, restoration techniques for public facilities have focused on restoration of structural functions centered on damaged facilities and damaged points. We set up the direction of the development based on anew concept of public facility restoration. We conducted an intensive review of large-scale damage cases in Korea and restoration cases from other countries and derived techniques of public facility restoration. We also standardized, typified and multi-layered 16 city-level and 18 region-level new concept techniquesof public facilities restoration in terms of land use and facility type. Finally, we demonstratedhow the techniques can be applied.

金元時代 以後 鍼灸補瀉理論 發展史에 關한 硏究

金圭滿(Kim Kyu Man),金基郁(Kim Ki Wook),朴炫局(Park Hyun Kook),李丙旭(Lee Byung Wook) 한국의사학회 2002 한국의사학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Acupuncture and moxibustion of theory had begun in the 『Nei-Jing』 and 『Nan-Jing』. But definite acupuncture needling techniques had been investigated after Jin and Yuan Dynasty. After Ming Dynasty, much more scholars had studied about definite acupuncture needling techniques. So various techniques and theorys about how to select and operate needling points appeared in print. 『Zi-Wu-Liu-Zhu-Zhen-Jing』、『Zhen-Jing-Zhi-Nan』、『Shen-Ying-Jing』、『Zhen-Jiu-Da-Quan』 and so forth are representative books. But these books include mutually different techniques, so then scholars would be thrown into confusion. So I have analysed acupuncture and moxibustion of theory into Ki(vital energy)-blood’s circulation、disease region、time、sex、restorative and restrictive techniques. As a result, I have known that every restorative and restrictive techniques and theories are connected with Ki(vital energy)-blood’s circulation and practical application methods are decided by sex、time、disease region、pathogenic energy.