측두엽간질에서의 interictal epileptiform discharge의 진단적 가치

남현우,이상건,박성호,이상복,명호진 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

순행적 유음화의 필수성과 변이

서윤정(Seo, YoonJeong) 한국음운론학회 2021 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.27 No.1

This study aimed to investigate the realization of Korean lateralization in /l-n/ sequences. In previous studies, progressive lateralization has been considered a compulsory phonological phenomenon in Korean, and has not attracted much attention. However, in actual speakers’ speech, non-assimilation patterns are observed in /l-n/ sequences. A reading task was conducted with 20 Korean speakers in their 20s in order to acquire the realization of /l-n/ sequences. The realization of progressive lateralization was shown to differ depending on individual speakers and experimental words/phrases. The greater the morphological boundary between /l/ and /n/, the less likely was lateralization. In addition, in principle, lateralization is realized even if a phonological phrase is located internal to an /l-n/ sequence, but more non-assimilation patterns have been observed in tokens where phonological boundaries occurred. Gender and speech rates also influence the realization of lateralization. Male speakers lateralize /l-n/ sequences more stably than female speakers. Moreover, the rate of lateralization increased when the speech was faster.

한국인 화자의 영어 발음 오류에 관한 음향적 분석

김미혜(Kim Mi-hye),강선미(Kang Sun-mi),김기호(Kim Kee-ho) 한국음성학회 2008 음성과학 Vol.15 No.3

This paper examined the acoustic differences in English speech production between English native speakers and Korean learners. Korean speakers seem to produce errors by over-applying the Korean phonological rules(nasalization and lateralization) to English speech under the conditions comparable to those of Korean which contain nasal+lateral or lateral+nasal sequences. Being based on this prediction, the experimental data is grouped into three sets, [n]+[l] sequence, [l]+[n]sequence, and [m]+[l] sequence. The result shows that, Korean speakers usually nasalize or lateralize the target words or phrases in every three categories while English natives don't. In set A([n]+[l] sequence), both nasalization and lateralization were found in [n]+[l] sequence, the same circumstances where both nasalization and lateralization can be placed as in Korean. In the case of set B([l]+[n] sequence), only lateralization is observed. It is because the nasalization never occurs in the sequence of l-n in Korean. There is no lateralization in set C([m]+[l] sequence), because only nasalization occurs in the sequence of m-l in Korean. This results reconfirmed that the nasalization and lateralization rules in Korean deeply influence on the English production data. Korean speakers need to be taught not to over-apply Korean phonological rule to English production for accurate pronunciation.

인지 기능 수행 시 BOLD 신호 크기에 기반 한 영역별 대뇌 편측화

정순철(Soon Cheol Chung),손진훈(Jin Hun Shon),김익현(Ik Hyeon Kim),이수열(Soo Yeol Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2005 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study compared cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation with that based on the intensity of neural activation. For this purpose, 8 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 23.5 years) and 10 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 25.1 years) participated respectively in researches on visuospatial and verbal task brain function. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The result of measuring cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation suggested that the right hemisphere is dominant in visuospatial tasks and the left one is in verbal tasks. However, the dominance is not sufficient to locate the exact part of the brain for these tasks. When cerebral lateralization index was computed based on the intensity of neural activation, it was derived that the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to visuospatial tasks is the superior parietal lobe, and the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to verbal tasks is the inferior and middle frontal lobes. Thus, cerebral lateralization index by area based on the intensity of neural activation as proposed by this study can determine the dominance of the cerebrum by area, so is helpful for accurate and quantitative determination of cerebral lateralization.

Production of Coronal Stop-Lateral Sequences by Korean Learners of English : A Constraint-Based Account

Park, In-kyu 한국중앙영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.50 No.1

This paper investigates how Korean learners of English produce coronal stop-lateral sequences in words like potluck and padlock, explores what factors can have an effect on their production, and gives a constraint-based account of L2 phonological variations. The main findings are that Korean learners of English transferred coronal stop lateralization, thus turning English coronal stop-lateral sequences to lateral-lateral ones. Vowel epenthesis also occurred. This is attributed to Korean phonological system in which a stop is assumed to appear syllable-initially if it is voiced. Voicing and gender played a role in coronal stop lateralization, and voicing and word boundary had significant effects on vowel epenthesis. These L2 variations could be accounted for by using Davis and Shin (1999)’s constraints and Park (2006)’s *V[-pal, -lab, -low], and by taking up the idea of floating constraints that produce the variable rankings apparent in L2 phonology.

Preliminary Study of Gender-Based Brain Lateralization Using Multi-Channel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Zephaniah Phillips V,김재관,Evgenii Kim 한국광학회 2015 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.19 No.3

It has been thought that males tend to use their brain hemispheres more laterally than females. However,recent fMRI studies have shown that there may be no difference in brain lateralization between genders. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents a unique opportunity to acquire real timemeasurements of blood oxygenation changes to observe neural activity specific to the brain’s left and righthemispheres. Using an in-house built multichannel fNIRS system, brain lateralization was observed fromseven males and four females according to specially designed tasks for left and right hemisphere activation. The Pearson correlation coefficient and a modified Lateralization Index metric for continuous wave fNIRSsystems were calculated to quantify brain lateralization. The preliminary results point to no significantdifference in lateral hemodynamic changes between the genders. However, the correlation of symmetricalchannel pairs decreased as the experiments progressed. To further develop this study, the subject’s performanceand the removal of global interference must be implemented for an improved study of brain lateralization

설측음화와 비음화의 음운ㆍ음성학적 분석

손일권(Il Gwon Sohn) 현대문법학회 2015 현대문법연구 Vol.85 No.-

In Korean, the onset constraints based on the sonority preference have the following hierarchy in the initial position of word : *ONS/RHO >> *ONS/LAT >> *ONS/NAS, and it offers a possible explanation for the prohibition on word-initial lateral. However, *med[ONS/NAS dominates *med[ONS/LAT (and *med[ONS/RHO) in the middle of word. Lateralization and nasalization in Korean are the phonological variation to equalize the sonority between the coda and its following onset according to *med[ONS/NAS >> *med[ONS/LAT without violating SYLLCON and IDENT-IO(cor/ant). However, this hierarchy cannot explain why both nasalization and lateralization are possible in case of /n.l/. To find out the reason, the phonetic experiment was conducted with the subjects who speak Daegue dialect, one of Kyeongsang dialect that is considered a pitch language. According to the precedent studies, neutralization does not occur at the strong position. In case of /n.l/, when subjects pronounce the syllable with /n/ using higher pitch than the following syllable with /l/, the syllable with /n/ becomes a phonetically strong position. Accordingly, /n/ can not be pronounced as /l/ by lateralization and instead, /l/ of the following syllable is pronounced as /n/ by nasalization. If subjects pronounce the syllable with /n/ and the following syllable with /l/ with the same pitch, lateralization occurs. The pronunciation of /n.l/ can be explained by phonetically strong position, not by constraints hierarchy.

Lateralization of music processing with noises in the auditory cortex: an fNIRS study

Santosa, Hendrik,Hong, Melissa Jiyoun,Hong, Keum-Shik Frontiers Media S.A. 2014 Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Vol.8 No.-

<P>The present study is to determine the effects of background noise on the hemispheric lateralization in music processing by exposing 14 subjects to four different auditory environments: music segments only, noise segments only, music + noise segments, and the entire music interfered by noise segments. The hemodynamic responses in both hemispheres caused by the perception of music in 10 different conditions were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. As a feature to distinguish stimulus-evoked hemodynamics, the difference between the mean and the minimum value of the hemodynamic response for a given stimulus was used. The right-hemispheric lateralization in music processing was about 75% (instead of continuous music, only music segments were heard). If the stimuli were only noises, the lateralization was about 65%. But, if the music was mixed with noises, the right-hemispheric lateralization has increased. Particularly, if the noise was a little bit lower than the music (i.e., music level 10~15%, noise level 10%), the entire subjects showed the right-hemispheric lateralization: This is due to the subjects' effort to hear the music in the presence of noises. However, too much noise has reduced the subjects' discerning efforts.</P>

시간 마스킹이 음상정위에 미치는 영향

이채봉,Lee, Chai-Bong 한국전자통신학회 2010 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.5 No.4

본 연구에서는 선행음과 후속음의 영향이 음상정위에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 실험을 하였다. 음원은 양귀간 시간차(Interaural Time Difference ; ITD)를 0.5ms로 한 기준음을 사용하였다. 이러한 기준음과 5종류의 레벨차를 가진 방해음(선행음 및 후속음) 및 기준음과 방해음의 시간차(Inter-Stimuli Interval ; ISI) 4종류를 조합하여 피실험자에게 제공하였다. 그리고 주파수에 대한 의존성을 알아보기 위해 기준음과 방해음을 2kHz, 4kHz, 백색 잡음을 이용하였다. 피실험자는 헤드폰을 사용하여 기준음이 좌우 어느 쪽에서 들리는지를 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과 음상정위에 미치는 영향은 후속음보다는 선행음이 크게 나타났다. 이것은 시간 마스킹과 같은 경향이라고 생각되어 진다. 음상정위에 있어서는 기준음과 방해음 사이의 주파수 의존성은 적게 나타났다. In this study, it is discussed how the directional property of the sound lateralization is influenced by proceeding or succeeding tone. The acoustic source applied here is a reference sound which has 0.5 msec interaural time difference(ITD). Based on this reference sound, interfering sounds with five levels of magnitude are applied to the subjects with four kinds of inter-stimuli time intervals(ISI). The interfering sounds are also added as two different types, proceeding tone and succeeding tone. Additionally, in order to investigate a frequency influence, the reference sound and the interfering sounds are generated by using 2kHz, 4 kHz and a white noise. As a result, the influence on lateralization by proceeding tone is lager than that by succeeding tone. It can consider this result as the effect of temporal masking on lateralization. Moreover, there are small differences of masking effect on lateralization by combinations of pure tone. This result shows that the dependency of frequency domain between reference sound and interfering sound is small on the sound lateralization.

중국인 학습자의 유음화 발음 오류 연구

정효주 ( Hyou Ju Jeong ),김영주 ( Young Joo Kim ) 한말연구학회 2012 한말연구 Vol.- No.31

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese learners` Korean lateralization errors. To meet the goal, Chinese learners of Korean participated the experiment with 20 novice group(less than 12 months) and the expert group(more than 48 months). The data were analyzed by means of listening test and experimental acoustic test. The results showed that the mean rate of error was 72.0% for the novice group and 51.0% for the expert group with significant difference. It indicated that lateralization could be improved as the period of learning gets longer. However, the pronunciation of simple liquid sounds /ㄹ/ also was improved with the significant difference between the groups, which latralization errors might be somewhat ascribed to the Chinese learners` poor pronunciation of /ㄹ/. Errors are classified largely into two aspects:the first was errors caused by their spelling-based pronunciation due to their mother tongue pronunciation. The second aspect of errors was the application of the nasalization of liquid sounds rather than lateralization by the lack of understanding of the environment of lateralization.