MP3 스마트웨어 제품 상용화를 위한 디자인 프로토타입 개발 및 사용성 평가 연구

채행석 ( Heang Suk Chea ),홍지영 ( Ji Young Hong ),김준희 ( Jun Hee Kim ),김진형 ( Jin Hyung Kim ),한광희 ( Kwang Hee Han ),이주현 ( Joo Hyeon Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2007 감성과학 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구에서는 MP3 스마트웨어 상용화를 위한 디자인 프로토타입을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 MP3 스마트웨어는 MP3 플레이어, 리모컨 모듈, 이어폰이 하나의 키트(One-kit) 형태로 되어 있으며 조립과 분리가 용이하다. 개발된 의류는 재킷타입의 MP3-YSJ(Yonsei Smart Jacket)와 사파리타입의 MP3-YSS(Yonsei Smart Safari)의 2종류의 MP3 스마트웨어였다. 2종류의 스마트웨어를 대상으로 한 두 차례의 사용성 평가가 각각 모듈별 평가와 항목별 평가로 진행되었다. 모듈별 평가는 외관, 소재, 음악컨트롤러, 이어폰/스피커, 커넥터였고 항목별 평가는 사회적 수용성, 착용감, 유용성, 관리용이성, 안전성을 평가하였다. MP3-YSJ 1.0 과 MP3-YSS 1.0을 대상으로 한 1차 사용성 평가에서는 모듈별 평가는 전체적으로 긍정적인 결과를 보여주었다. 또한 항목별 평가에서는 MP3-YSJ 1.0와 MP3-YSS 1.0 모두 다른 항목에 비해 사회적 수용성이 약간 낮게 평가되었고, 커넥터의 관리 용이성과 음악컨트롤러의 사회적 수용성이 낮게 나타났다. 2차 사용성 평가는 1차 사용성 평가 결과를 반영하여 개발된 제품을 대상으로 실시하였다. MP3-YSJ 2.0은 음악 컨트롤러의 사회적 수용성과 관리용이성, 커넥터의 관리용이성이 개선이 필요한 항목으로 밝혀졌고,MP3-YSJ 2.0의 경우에는 음악컨트롤러로의 사회적 수용성, 커넥터의 사회적 수용성, 소재의 관리용이성이 개선이 필요한 항목으로 나타났다. 특히 사용자는 키패드의 배치 때문에 사회적 수용성 측면에서 불편을 느꼈다. 음악컨트롤러의 사회적 수용성 문제를 보완하기 위해서는 음악컨트롤러의 키패드 인터페이스에 대해 보다 구체적인 연구가 필요하다. This study focused on developing MP3 smart clothing products and usability evaluation. MP3 smart clothing which was developed in this study contains e-textile keypad and a kit. The kit consists of MP3 Player, remote controller module and ear phone, and are easy to assemble and dismantle. And usability evaluation about MP3 smart Clothing which was developed in this study contains e-textile keypad and a kit. For making the MP3 Smart clothing, e-textile signal line and keypad was developed and a metal connection ring also was manufactured to adhere closely e-textile signal line to keypad. The last products are two kinds of MP3 smart clothing, jacket style of MP3-YSJ(Yonsei Smart Jacket) and safari style of MP3-YSS(Yonsei Smart Safari). Then usability evaluation conducted two times about MP3 smart clothing developed. Usability evaluation is classified by a module evaluation and an item evaluation. The module evaluation measured external appearance, material, a music controller, an ear phone(or a mini speaker) and connector. The item evaluation measured social acceptance, feeling of wearing, utility, easiness of maintenance and safety. The module evaluation described totally positive results in the first usability evaluation about MP3-YSJ 1.0 and MP3-YSS 1.0. The item evaluation shows a lower score in the social acceptance, especially the easiness of connector maintenance and the social acceptance of music-controller in MP3-YSJ 1.0 and MP3-YSS 1.0. The second usability evaluation conducted with improved products by the first usability test results. Results from second item evaluation indicated needs to improve the easiness of connector & music-controller maintenance and the social acceptance of music-controller in MP3-YSJ 2.0. In MP3-YSS 2.0, the easiness of material management and the social acceptance of music controller & connector needed to improvement. In particular, users felt inconvenience in the social acceptance because of e-textile keypad arrangement. To outweigh this disadvantage, further study is needed about keypad interface of the music controller.

Usability Evaluation Criteria and Methods of Road Safety Facilities - A Literature Review

( Jinsil Lee ),( Park Min Ju ),( Lee Jong Ho ),( Sun Hee Cho ),( Min-sun Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2017 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2017 No.-

This review aims to identify measures suitable for evaluation of usability for road safety facilities. A review of literature included articles that evaluated a road safety facilities for usability. Electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources were used. A total of 7 articles of usability evaluation of road safety facilities were retrieved through a search for an electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources, and evaluation criteria and evaluation methods were summarized. Quantitative evaluation criteria included ‘Error Rate’, ‘Completion Time’, ‘Visibility’, ‘Psychological Pressure’, ‘Visual Confusion’, ‘Eye Fatigue’, and ‘Satisfaction’. All of them were measured by the questionnaire method. And Qualitative evaluation criteria were ‘the Reason for Cognitive Error’ and ‘the Risk’ measured by interview method. There are limits of 7 articles that do not constitute a real environment or a virtual environment or experiment that tests real users to ensure usability in actual environment. In order to systematically evaluate the usability of road safety facilities in the future, it is necessary to categorize the evaluation criteria according to the purpose of evaluation, to derive appropriate evaluation methods for each category, and to construct a real environment or a virtual environment and to develop scenarios for the validity about evaluation.

서비스디자인 플랫폼을 위한 사용성 평가지표 연구

정회준(Jung, Hoe Jun),김광명(Kim, Kwang Myung),조선(Jo, Sun),고영준(Ko, Young Jun) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2015 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.20 No.-

서비스디자인 플랫폼(Service Design Platform)은 지식경제부에서 시행하고 있는 ‘서비스 융합형 디자인컨설팅 지원기술 개발사업’의 일환으로 서비스디자인 기업들이 온라인에서 서비스디자인 과제를 원활하게 할 수 있도록 하기 위한 목적으로 개발되었다. 서비스디자인 플랫폼 개발과정에서 플랫폼의 사용성을 검증하고 개선시키기 위해서는 사용자의 참여에 의한 사용성 테스트(Usability Test)와 더불어 전문가에 의한 휴리스틱 평가(Heuristic Evaluation)가 요구된다. 본 연구는 전문가에 의한 휴리스틱 평가를 실시하기에 앞서 평가대상에 적합한 평가영역과 세부 평가항목을 도출하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 연구를 위해서 내부 연구자들이 사용성 영역과 평가대상인 서비스디자인 플랫폼의 특징요소, 설계요소, 커뮤니티 요소 등을 설정하였고, 이를 세부항목에 반영해서 평가지표를 분류하고 도출하였다. 이어서 평가지표에 대한 타당성과 신뢰성 검증을 위해 전문가를 대상으로 델파이 조사를 실시해서 4개의 평가영역과 44개의 세부항목으로 구성된 평가지표를 도출하였다. 도출된 평가지표는 체크리스트로 활용해서 향후 전문가에 의한 휴리스틱 평가 시 활용될 계획이다. Service Design Platform which has been developing under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy is aimed at facilitating service design consultancy to carry out service design projects smoothly online. In the development process in order to verify and improve the usability of the platform, heuristic evaluations by usability experts along with usability test done by user participation are required. This study was conducted for the purpose of deriving appropriate evaluation areas and detailed evaluation indices prior to carrying out the heuristic evaluation. For the study, first, the concept of the service design platform was identified and the features of its component were analyzed. Second, based on literature study of standards which are related to usability evaluation indices, usability evaluation areas and indices were analyzed. Third, in order to establish and verify evaluation areas and indices which are appropriate for the evaluation, Delphi survey was conducted and its validity was verified. Through this study, evaluation indices with 4 evaluation areas and 45 detailed items were derived. Derived evaluation indices was made in the form of checklist and will be utilized for heuristic evaluation by usability experts.

사용자의 신체적 부하 정도를 고려한 의료기기의 사용적합성 평가

김우겸(Woo Kyum Kim),김성민(Sung Min Kim),권지연(Ji Yean Kwon) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to incorporate appropriate ergonomic evaluation factors to reduce the physical load that can be imposed on the way of usability evaluation procedure. Background: It has been required to prove that the usability aspect of the product is considered in the product development process for approval of the medical device approval. Accordingly, the usability evaluation report performed during the product development process is required. However, musculoskeletal diseases caused by the use of medical devices are occurring to medical staffs who use the developed product to evaluate the usability test. It is considered that the human factors such as the physical load that can be applied to the user in the process of considering the usability of the user are not sufficiently, actually there is no evaluation method that requires checking the degree of physical load. Method: To compare the amount of physical load that can be applied to the user, the evaluation was carried out according to four procedures. First, prototype designs were selected for the evaluation process, Next, the evaluation items for the evaluation of the degree of physical load were developed, and the intended users were recruited and performed usability evaluation. Finally, the results of the survey were analyzed and some improvements were made. Results: Analysis of the evaluation data showed that it was possible to select the most useful design among the prototype designs that were evaluated, We could derive the improvement direction through the evaluation results of other designs about the items with relatively low satisfaction score among the evaluation item of the selected design. In addition, experienced experts in development equipment have been able to develop the final model considering the requirements of the actual clinical environment. Conclusion: Through this study, it was confirmed that the improvement requirements which can be considered the user’s physical load degree are derived.

Usability 평가기법을 활용한 웹 기반 물류정보시스템 개발

장경열(Kyoung-Yeol Jang),변상규(Sang-Kyu Byun),유우식(Woo-Sik Yoo) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2006 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.29 No.4

  Presented in this paper was to evaluate and improve the usability of a web-based logistics information system. The system was developed for the domestic company to track and monitor its own transportation vehicles and for the customers to check the current location of their packages by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Short Massage Service (SMS). Since the initial system was developed under a tight schedule set by the company, the system designers and programmers did not focus on the usability of the system but on the functionality. Consequently, some usability problems of the system were discovered during the heuristic usability evaluation. This study was required to solve these usability issues. Usability problems of the initial system were identified and analyzed, and the user’s requirements for the system were re-evaluated to meet the company’s expectation. Several alternative designs were developed by fitted guidelines and then a updated system was developed.<BR>  The updated system had an empirical usability test to find how much the initial system was improved from the heuristic evaluation. Two kinds of data were gathered during the tests: objective (completion time and number of errors) and subjects’ preference. Data showed the updated system is better than the initial system in terms of usability. Presented in this paper includes introduction of the Usability evaluation, usability engineering process applied in this research, alternative design of GUI, usability test and results.

An Improved Usability Evaluation Model for Point-of-Sale Systems

Md Alamgir Kabir,Bo Han 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.7

Point-of-sale (POS) systems are popular in developing countries because they provide fast and convenient ways of transactions for business. These systems contain vital tasks such as online transactions, ecommerce facilities, security, taxes, various management reports and others. Thereby, it is important to ensure their software quality and grantee the effective usages of business functions. Among multiple software quality attributes, usability is highlighted for POS software since the user interfaces are directly linked to cashiers’ behaviors, customers’ satisfactions and market profits. However, the usability evaluation of POS systems is not easy since they are generally featured with multi-functions, multiple configurations and complex interfaces. Many available quality models have failed to evaluate the usability of POS systems because any of them just cover partial view of usability. In this paper, we investigated ten well-known quality models and extracted the usability related factors from each of these models. By integrating these factors together, we proposed an improved usability evaluation model with a comprehensive view of usability for POS systems. Following the model, we designed usability scenarios for each factor and thus provided the corresponding questionnaires. A case study of evaluating a POS system in Bangladesh has demonstrated that the proposed model can provide a comprehensive evaluation of POS from 12 usability factors. Also, different demands from different type of customers are also be revealed by the model.

모바일 기반 현장체험학습 시스템 사용성 평가

강영옥,조나혜 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2016 교과교육학연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 모바일기반 현장체험학습 시스템에 대한 사용성 평가를 실시하여 실제 학교현장에서 활용 가능한 시스템 개발의 프레임워크를 도출하고자 한다. 사용성 평가 도구는 교육 분야에서 필요로 하는 사용성 평가항목을 기초로 하여 모바일기반 현장체험학습 시스템이라는 특성을 고려하여 설계하였다. 사용성 평가는 2차례에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며 사전조사에서 나타난 문제들에 대해 기능적인 부분을 대폭 보완하고 2차 사용성 평가를 수행하였다. 시스템 전반적으로 보면 2차 조사에서 교수 설계 영역이 95점, 기술적 특성 영역 85점, 사용자 인터페이스 영역 82점, 학습내용 영역 70점으로 나타났다. 특히 두번에 걸친 사용성 평가에서 학습내용영역의 점수가 소폭 상승한 반면 나머지 3영역에서는 평가점수가 대폭 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 내용적으로는 지도 기반의 탐구활동 기능, 학생들의 위치정보와 탐구활동 진행과정 확인 기능, 학생 활동에 대한 피드백 제공 기능 등이 유용한 것으로 평가되었다. 학습내용 영역과 관련하여 어떤 탐구활동 문제를 저작했을 때 사용자의 만족도가 높게 나타나는지에 대해서 문제 유형을 달리하여 지속적으로 모니터링을 할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구의 향후 과제로 현장체험학습 사후단계에서 수행하는 학습활동을 분석하고, 사후단계에서 요구되는 기능을 도출하여 시스템에 추가 보완하는 작업이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this research is to introduce a system development framework that can be utilized at school by evaluating the usability of the field experience learning system using mobile devices. A tool was designed for usability evaluation on the basis of usability evaluation items which are needed in education by considering the characteristics of the field experience learning system. In this study usability evaluation was performed twice. The 2nd usability evaluation was conducted after revising and complementing the system based on the results of the 1st usability evaluation. The results of the 2nd usability evaluation in four areas of evaluation are as follows: 95 points in instructional design, 85 points in technical characteristics, 82 points in user interface, and 70 points in learning contents, respectively. The evaluation points in the areas of instructional design, technical characteristics, and user interface have soared up while the point in the area of learning contents has increased slightly. As seen from the evaluation contents, it is evaluated that the items such as inquiry activity based on the map, location information of students and confirmation of progress of inquiry activity, and feedback of students activity are useful. In the area of learning contents, it is necessary to continuously monitor what types of inquiry activity problems could increase user satisfaction. In the future, it is necessary to complement the evaluation system by analysing learning activities in the post-stage of field experience learning and coming up with functions required in that stage.

휴리스틱 평가를 이용한 의료기기 디자인 사용적합성 평가연구

최찬진(Chan Jin Choi),박일호(Il Ho Park),김성민(Sung Min Kim),권지연(Ji Yean Kwon) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the results of usability test and the results of heuristic evaluation and to ensure that the heuristic evaluation is suitable for the early formative evaluation of the product development process. Background: Recently, the importance of use error of medical devices has been increasing. Accordingly, it is emphasized that the usability engineering process is conformed in the product design process in international standards. It is recommended that two formative evaluations are performed in the medical device design process. However, such a method requires a high cost and a lot of time. Therefore, the formative evaluation of heuristic evaluation is important because it can shorten the product development period. Method: The procedure for the heuristic evaluation is four steps. First, products and participants for evaluation were selected. Second, heuristic principles were defined. The defined heuristic principles were used to evaluate the selected medical device for evaluation. Third, tasks and user interfaces for the evaluation were selected. Finally, the evaluation was carried out in accordance with defined procedures. One of the important points is that participants who have fully understood the defined heuristic principles should perform the evaluation. Results: A total of 28 heuristic violations have been found as a result of the heuristic evaluation. The results of the usability test also appeared to be 62% similar. Conclusion: The heuristic evaluation is effective in identifying the use problem of user interfaces.

시니어 세대의 기능성 침대 디자인 속성 도출을 위한 사용성 평가사례 연구

조유석 ( Yooseok Cho ) 한국산업디자이너협회(한국인더스트리얼디자인학회) 2020 산업디자인학연구 Vol.14 No.3

연구배경 본 연구는 저출산과 고령화의 가속화에 따른 사회적 부담이 아닌 시니어 세대들의 연장된 삶으로 인한 사회적 변화에 초점을 맞추어 진행되었다. 따라서 시니어 소비자의 비중이 확대되면서 활성화된 시니어 비즈니스 분야 중 헬스케어 제품인 기능성 침대를 의료기기가 아닌 건강관리를 위한 가정용 기능성 침대로 개발하기 위하여 신규제품으로써 갖추어야 할 기본 속성을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법 사용자의 특징인 시니어 세대에 대한 이해를 시작으로 신체접촉을 통해 구동되는 제품의 속성에 따라 ‘사용성’을 우선하여 디자인 개발사례들을 수집하고, 비교 연구하여 제품 속성에 따른 디자인 가이드라인의 기초자료로써 사례분석 내용과 시사점을 제시하였다. 이를 위한 이론적 고찰로써 사용성과 사용성 평가의 개념과 정의에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 발전과정과 경향을 살펴보고 디자인 사용성 평가사례 비교를 통해 일반제품과 유사제품으로 나누어 사용성 평가항목을 구분하였다. 연구결과 기능성 침대의 사용목적과 환경에 따라 평가항목을 재분류 하였으며, 포괄적인 국제표준(ISO)에서 정의된 사용성 평가항목을 제품의 속성에 따라 평가요소인 유효성, 효율성, 만족도로 나뉘어 재정의 하였다. 또한, 기능성 침대 디자인 개발에 적절한 제품의 속성으로 6가지를 분류하고 설명하였다. 그 분류된 속성으로는 안전한 사용과 견고한 구조, 그리고 손쉬운 조작이며 나머지는 부가적인 속성으로 기능적 편의, 심미적 만족, 간편한 관리이다. 결론 향후 사용성 평가사례 연구를 통해 도출된 사용성 평가요소의 개념을 기초하여 기능성 침대(매트리스)와 리모컨으로 구분된 사용성 평가요소의 세부항목을 구성하고 직접적인 접촉으로 구동되는 제품의 속성에 따라 ‘안정성’을 강조한 디자인 가이드라인으로 발전시킬 수 있는 후속적 연구가 지속되길 기대한다. Background This study focused on the social changes caused by extended life of the senior generation, not the social burden caused by low birthrate and aging. therefore it intends to derive the attribute of functional bed, a health care product among the activated senior business fields by the proportion of senior consumers is increased, which changed from medical device to health care product. Methods Design cases around 'usability' were collected by product attributes that work by physical contact with an understanding of the senior gen., and case analysis and implication was proposed as basic data of design guidelines according to product attributes. As a theoretical consideration for this, the development process and trends are examined based on the understanding of the concept and definition of usability and usability evaluation. And the usability factors were divided into general products and similar products by comparing the design usability cases. Results Evaluation factors were reclassified according to the purpose and environment of the functional bed, the usability evaluation factors defined by ISO were redefined by dividing them into effectiveness, satisfaction, efficiency, which are evaluation factors by product attributes. In addition, six categories are described as attributes for design development of functional bed. The categorized attributes are safe use, solid structure, and easy operation, and the rest are additional attributes such as functional convenience, aesthetic satisfaction, and easy management. Conclusion In the future, hoping to continue a study on design guideline emphasizing 'stability' with details of usability factors separated by functional bed (mattress) and remote control based on the concept of usability evaluation factors derived from usability case studies.

디지털 교통안전표지판의 사용성평가 지표 개발 연구

배예나(Ye Na Bae) 한국디자인리서치학회 2023 한국디자인리서치 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 보행자보호구역을 통과하는 운전자와 보행자를 대상으로 지능형 차량과속경보시스템을 쉽게 인지하고 표출된 정보를 이해하는지, 능동적으로 속도를 줄이는데 도움을 주는지 등 사용자 편의에 영향을 주는 요인이 무엇인지를 분석하고자 사용성평가 지표를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 사용자 관점에서 실증적이고 과학적인 사용성평가를 위해 평가 항목 정의 및 13개의 평가 지표를 개발하고, 전문가 델파이 분석 및 세부 지표 평가를 통해 사용자 설문평가를 위한 조사 설문지를 설계하였다. 사용성평가 지표는 유용성(Usefulness)과 만족성(Satisfaction)으로 구분되어 각각 4개의 평가 영역으로 도출되었고, 세부 평가항목은 지각성(Perceptibility) 3문항, 기능성(Functionality) 5문항, 감성(Sensibility) 2문항, 신뢰성(Trust) 3문항 등으로 세분화하여 도출되었다. 이러한 지표 분석 및 개발 결과는 스마트 교통안전표지판의 사용성 평가를 위한 보편적인 평가 기준으로 유용하게 활용되고, 이를 기반으로 한 시스템인터페이스 개선을 통해 향후 시민들의 쾌적한 보행환경 지원 및 안전 운전 인식 확산에 기여 할 것으로 기대한다. The aim of this study is to develop usability evaluation indicators to analyze factors that affect user convenience, such as easily recognizing intelligent vehicle speed warning systems for drivers and pedestrians passing through the pedestrian safety zones, understanding expressed information, and actively reducing speed. For empirical and scientific usability evaluation from a user's point of view, this research defines evaluation items and establishs 13 evaluation indicators and a survey questionnaire was designed for user survey evaluation through the expert Delphi analysis and detailed indicator evaluation. The usability evaluation indicator was categorized into Usefulness and Satisfaction, each derived into four evaluation areas, and the detailed evaluation items were derived into 3 Perceptibility, 5 Functionality, 2 Sensibility, and 3 Trust. The outcomes of this indicator analysis and development are anticipated to be useful as a universal evaluation criterion for the usability evaluation of smart traffic safety signs, and by improving the system interface based on this, it is expected to contribute to supporting citizens' pleasant walking environment and spreading awareness of safe driving in the future.