재생에너지의 국제적 규제 및 관리체제

이재곤(Lee Jae Gon) 국제법평론회 2017 국제법평론 Vol.0 No.48

Humans now depend on energy for their survival, so the stable supply of energy is crucial. Also, it is important that the use of renewable energy replacing traditional fossil fuels which are fingered as the main cause of climate change be increased rapidly. As international society recognized the importance of renewable energy, the international regulation and management system of renewable energy has been developed to address problems that can arise from increased use of renewable energy. There are two kinds of international regulatory documents: soft law documents which were adopted by energy-related international organizations or international conferences and international hard laws such as United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Along with these normative frameworks, various forms of international organizations that manage the development and use of renewable energy have been established. This paper is 1) to figure out the present situation of international regulatory and management system of renewable energy that have been developed by the international community so far, 2) to determine if there are problems in the international regulatory framework and management systems for the efficient regulations and management of renewable energy, and 3) to examine whether there are appropriate response to the problems. The international regulatory framework and management system for renewable energy are in poor condition. Soft law documents adopted in the form of resolutions of international bodies or decisions of international conferences have yet to be crystallized sufficiently to confer a specific obligation on renewable energy to states. Nevertheless, they continuously emphasized the need to increase the share of renewable energy among total energy uses by increasing the use of renewable energy and to provide everyone with possible access to modern style of energy. Energy-related treaties do not include explicit regulations on renewable energy or deal with only traditional fossil fuels. International organizations have become too fragmented and existing traditional energy related international organizations did not adequately allocate their attention and budget to renewable energy because they focused on conventional fuels. Moreover, the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is tasked with focusing on renewable energy issues, had problems such as the lack of funding and cooperative relationship with other related international organizations. To deal with renewable energy issues efficiently and comprehensively, it would be ideal to establish an integrated energy apparatus called the International Energy Agency under a single energy convention. However, it is difficult to expect that the Organization come into presence in a short period of time in the era when the energy problem is considered to be one of the biggest problems facing the world. Thus, in the regulatory framework, at first, the World Renewable Energy Charter, which has not binding force but includes the terms and formats of the international legal norms and then concluded a separate protocol for renewable energy under the system of the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change. It seems practical approach that the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is currently the sole universal international organization in the area of renewable energy, is encouraged to play a more proactive and leading role in the management of renewable energy.

에너지자원의 환경관리전략 : 환경성을 고려한 재생에너지 자원관리의 발전전략

권영한,오진관,최상기,김태형 한국환경연구원 2015 사업보고서 Vol.2015 No.-

In preparation of a new climate regime of Post 2020, utilization of renewable energy has been expanded as an effort of green house gas(GHG) reduction internationally. IEA(International Energy Agency) prospected that provision of renewable energy will increase from 21% to 33% based on the WEO(World Energy Outlook) 2014 scenario and that according to the ETP(Energy Technology Perspectives) 2015 2DS(2℃ Scenario), the portion of renewable energy technology will be 30% among those of GHG emission reduction. The Korean government is pushing ahead with a strategy to expand supply and utilization of renewable energy based on the national energy basic plan and the national renewable energy policy, with which the government established a goal to supply 11% of renewable energy among primary energy source by 2035. Environmental issues ought to be considered in the policy of management of renewable energy sources in order to achieve the goal. This study had been carried out to suggest developmental strategies of the environmental-friendly management of renewable energy to consider in the national policy of renewable energy sources. In this report terminologies and pros and cons of renewable energy sources, and relevant laws and plans were covered in the chapter two, and environmental impacts, environmental management measures, and measures of review and preparation of environmental assessment in the chapter three. The chapter four deals with developmental ways in which environmental issues are incorporated to expand renewable energy resources. Improvement measures for renewable energy supply were prepared by expert workshops. Environmentally sound strategies for resource management of solar and wind power were prepared by reflecting opinions of experts. Strategies of resources management in terms of regional environmental issues and those of communication and public participation for policy making were prepared. This study is valuable because policies on resource development of renewable energy could be failed without considering environmental issues to affect entire ecosystem of national land in an initial stage of policy implementation. The developmental strategy in which environmental issues are included for solar and wind power which are core renewable resources would reduce construction areas of energy facilities through primarily diversification of siting, primarily utilizing unused or abandoned or damaged areas, water, and building, etc., and minimize areas of energy generating facilities through obtaining original technologies, consequently minimizing damage of natural environment. Especially, renewable energy policies established in the future should include the goal of renewable energy supply based on the estimation of resource potential which reflects the environmental factors that were analyzed. Higher level plans of energy policy, therefore, must be subjected to Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA). In addition those national plans should be established through combining regional basic energy plans considering local environmental characteristics to develop suitable renewable resources for provinces, which are also necessary to be subjected to the legal SEA system. In this study we investigated personal recognition of those who works on renewable energy. By the ``Q`` methodology we suggest a way to communicate among different groups who have different tendency toward renewable energy in order to make the policy decision of renewable energy in which environmental issues are considered. The result showed that types of recognition of those questioned were largely two groups, one as ``the future energy source`` and the other as ``one among energy sources`` based on the results of analysis of responses of questionnaires by the ``QUANL`` program as well as analysis of different tendency through a workshop of those questioned. Those who have different types of recognition need to communicate, especially the former should find a way to explain importance of renewable energy as a future energy source to the latter who generally plays a role of decision making. Thus, the former, such as researchers, ought to make an effort to interpret the technical results that they produced into a langage which people including NGO, opinion leaders, and residents, can understand easily to get justification on renewable energy so that they can provide and communicate to the decision makers with justification and symbolic issues on the renewable energy, eventually those issues can be led to policy making by the decision makers who usually do not listen or understand what researchers say.

중국 신재생에너지법제의 현황과 문제점

강효백(Hyo Baik Kang) 중앙법학회 2011 中央法學 Vol.13 No.2

China ranks 1st in energy consumption and relies entirely on energy importation therefore it is important for China to secure an optimum sized energy source in order to maintain its 8-9% of annual economic growth. Since fossil fuels or nuclear energy cause serious environmental problems or have the potential to cause such problems, it is difficult for China to opt these fields as their long term energy measure. Accordingly, China has pushed ahead with legislating policies supportive of developing sustainable renewable energy as their future energy source in order to further develop their economy and enhance the lives of their people, and in 2005 the Renewable Energy Law was legislated and enforced. The main purpose of the Renewable Energy Law is for the central government to provide economic incentives for renewable energy. In order to accelerate the development of and market formation for renewable energy, this law has constructed 5 big institutional strategies: total amount target policy, a policy that requires all electricity produced to be purchased obligatorily, feed in tariff, cost sharing policy and a policy for securing capital for specialized items. This law requires more renewable energy to be consumed, no allocation of renewable energy supply, support for construction and access of transmission networks, tax breaks (value added tax, corporate tax and etc.) to be given, support for research and development and boost self-reliance in terms of technology and facilities. The Chinese government revised this law in 2009, gave preferred dividends to transmission network companies, actualized the policy guaranteeing the purchase of all renewable energy generated and defined the funds for renewable energy generation. However, Chinese legislation on renewable energy is exposed to many problems such as being generally inadequate, mutually paradoxical and repetitive between regulations of equivalent importance and regulations superior and inferior to one another, standardized regulations unsuitable to the differing characteristics of the different types of renewable energy, regional regulation inertia depending on the regional characteristics, lack of connectivity with other related regulations and more. However the Chinese central government has set enhancing the share of renewable energy in the mid long-term as a major task for the country and is spurring changes in renewable energy legislation. Such attempts are worth referring to for Korea`s renewable energy policies and legislation.

초등학교 교과서의 신ㆍ재생 에너지 교육 내용 분석 및 교재 개발

천은주(Eun-Ju Chun),최돈형(Don-Hyung Choi) 한국환경교육학회 2008 환경교육 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of new & renewable energy education in elementary school textbooks and to develop workbook related new & renewable energy education for elementary school students. The results of this study are as follows. First, in the result of contents analysis energy education and new & renewable energy education through textbooks on 7th elementary school curriculum, subjects including contents related energy are Disciplined Life, Intelligent Life, Moral Education, Social Studies, Science, and Practical Arts. Contents related new & renewable energy are taught 4~6th grades but the quantity and quality of contents are very poor. Second, this study developed workbook related new & renew-able energy education for 5th and 6th grades. The workbook is organized with 5 themes that are the need of new & renewable energy, the definition and kinds of new & renewable energy, strengths and weakness of new & renewable energy development, a case of new & renewable energy, and the application of new & renewable energy to practical life. Third, to improve workbook developed, it was applied to 6th grade and then more appropriately modified. Based on the results, it suggests the following for new & renewable energy education. Energy education in elementary school must equally be taught through the all scope of energy education. To solve the energy problem, the content related new & renewable energy education should be included much more both quantity and quality. New & renewable energy education workbook developed in this study is expected to reinforce current text-books that is being taught a little content of new & renewable energy education.

경기도 지역에너지 사업 평가 및 개선방안

구자건(Jakon Koo),제진수,윤전우,이승지,이유진,이종택,고재경(Jaekyung Koh) 경기연구원 2008 위탁연구 Vol.2008 No.3

As more people show interests on renewable energy and the demand of the renewable energy has increased because of climate change and energy crisis especially at a regional level, more governments try to raise the energy independency through the renewable energy. The projects on the local supply of the renewable energy are one of the regional energy policies to promote the local governments’ participation on the models of the renewable energy. This research purports to evaluate the projects on the local supply of the renewable energy through the field works and the interviews with responsible persons in Gyeonggi-Do, and draws the alternative policies for the improvement. Ultimately, it attempts to address policy suggestions to activate the local energy through the alternatives. The outcome of the field research into the projects on the local supply of the renewable energy indicates the followings. Firstly, the goals were not accomplished by a lack of fact finding researches on the feasibility and the resources of the projects at a planning stage. Secondly, the inconveniences and complaints of the users have often occurred due to the poor management of the construction business. Thirdly, the absence of the integrated monitoring system among the facility user organizations, the construction business, the Korea Energy Management Corporation (referred to as KEMCO) fails the post-management of the facilities for the renewable energy. Fourthly, a lack of staffs and budgets leads to the difficulties of the post-management for the projects. Fifthly, the passive involvement of the actors with the public awareness on the projects lowers the utilization of the projects. In contrast, the actively engaging institutions gain direct benefits from the lower costs of the facility maintenance and the lower CO₂ emissions. It is expected that the current soaring oil price would make the engagement of the projects economically positive. To sum up, the alternative measures to the problems of the projects on the local supply of the renewable energy could be suggested accordingly. Firstly, an institutional framework should be set up to implement the entire processes of the projects on the local supply of the renewable energy in a more systematic and efficient way. Secondly, the integrated operational networks of the project such as related management networks, information sharing networks of local governments on the projects are needed for Gyeonggi-Do. Thirdly, the budgets, work forces and positions at responsible departments need to be secured stably by the local governments in charge of the projects. Fourthly, the projects need to be activated as a counter-scheme of the climate change. Fifthly, the education and public relations programmes should be worked out through the projects in a way to raise the public awareness on the renewable energy. Sixthly, the responsible authority - the Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO) should intensify the supporting system beyond the support of the project budget. Lastly, local governance is needed among Gyeonggi-Do, local governments and civil society etc. based on the projects so as to extend the horizon of the discussions on the local energy engagement. Therefore, the suggestions stated above would be a critical foundation for the industrialization of the renewable energy and the activation of the local energy in Gyeonggi-Do.

신・재생에너지 관련 주요국의 입법동향과 시사점

이준서 한국법제연구원 2011 법제연구 Vol.- No.40

There are two main reasons for changing into the renewable energy system: Securing the Energy Autonomy and reducing the Green House Gases. Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. The advantages of renewable energy are so clear and so overwhelming that resistance to them needs diagnosis – which Scheer also provides, showing why and how entrenched interests oppose the transition and what must be done to overcome these obstacles. While interest in renewable energy is growing around the world, the actual efforts to implement a major and sustained development have been limited to a very few countries. The steps necessary to realize the fullest potential for renewable energy ar not being taken, because of the faulty perception, even on the part of many renewable proponents, that substantial reliance on renewable energy is not feasible. Key Words : New and Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Policy Act(USA), German Renewable Energy Sources Act(Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz), RPS Act(Japan)Korea needs proper measures for the development of various energy resources, the stable energy supply, and the change into renewable energy policy against the depletion of fossil energy resources and the defects of nuclear energy. Also, as the amount for the importation of energy resources is larger than the amount for the exportation of automobiles and semiconductors, the development of renewable energy resources will be a very important factor for the economy of Korea. 오늘날 신・재생에너지 관련 정책의 고려요소가 되는 양대 축은 에너지 안보와 온실가스의 저감이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 신・재생에너지로의 전환을 위해서는 기존 화석에너지에 대한 우리의 물리적・심리적 의존성으로부터 탈피하는 것이 가장 현실적이면서도 중요한 선결과제일 것이다. 다양한 지원수단의 활용(미국) 선도적인 정책과 법제의 도입과 실질적인 이행을 위한 노력(독일), 위기의식을 수용하고 이를 보완하기 위한 시책의 발굴(일본)과 같은 사례에서 알 수 있다시피, 신・재생에너지의 도입과 지원정책에 있어서 지역, 국가, 경제력, 화석연료자원이나 원자력의 유무, 정치 환경, 에너지나 전력시장의 자유화 정도에 따라 여러 가지 대응방안이 있고, 모든 상황에 통용되는 최선의 정책은 없다고 볼 수 있다. 국제적으로 신・재생에너지의 경우에 대부분 발전분야에서 다양한 혜택을 부여함으로써 신・재생에너지의 이용과 보급 촉진을 위한 정책적 방안을 모색하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 측면을 고려할 때에 우리도 신에너지와 재생에너지를 각각 구별하는 정책으로 방향을 맞출 것인지, 신에너지에 대한 기술적 지원을 어떻게 할 것인지, 우리 상황에 맞는 재생에너지를 어떻게 선정하고 특화할 것인지, 신・재생에너지 산업을 육성하기 위하여 어떠한 지원책을 활용할 것인지, 이상의 사항들을 어떻게 입법화할 것인지에 대한 보다 심도 깊은 고민을 해야 할 때이다.

탄소중립을 위한 기업의 재생에너지 생산 및 사용에 대한 세제지원

이예지,김진태 한국세무학회 2024 세무학 연구 Vol.41 No.2

최근 탄소배출 규제가 강화됨에 따라 기업의 재생에너지 생산과 사용이 중요해지고 있으나, 우리나라의 재생에너지 여건은 좋지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 논문은 기업의 재생에너지 사용 활성화를 위한 세제지원의 필요성과 합리적인 개선방안을 연구하고자 한다. 조세특례제한법상 모든 기업이 적용받을 수 있는 재생에너지 관련 세제지원방안은 통합투자세액공제와 연구 및 인력개발비 세액공제이다. 두 제도는 공통으로 세액공제율을 국가전략기술, 신성장·원천기술, 그 밖에 기술에 따라 다르게 적용하고 있으며, 신성장·원천기술의 일부 항목으로 신재생에너지가 열거되어 있다. 이에 신재생에너지는 국가전력기술과 비교할 때 낮은 공제율을 적용받고 있으며, 적용대상이 법에 열거되어 있는 문제점이 있다. 국제적 상황을 고려할 때, 재생에너지 이용 기업의 세계 경쟁력, 나아가 국가 경제에 중요한 영향을 미치므로 해당 세액공제 적용에 있어서 신재생에너지를 국가전력기술에 포함하는 방안을 검토할 필요가 있다. 신재생에너지의 중요성을 고려하여 이를 신성장·원천기술의 하부 항목이 아닌 국가전력기술, 신성장·원천기술과 대등하게 별도로 규정하는 방안을 또 다른 대안으로 검토할 수 있다. 이와 함께 신재생에너지법을 준용하여 해당 세액공제대상을 확대하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 투자에 따른 막대한 자금 등으로 인해 기업이 재생에너지 사용 수단으로 재생에너지 공급인증서구매 등 외부구매방식을 선호하는 점을 고려하여 인증된 재생에너지 구입비용에 대한 세액공제 도입을 입법적으로 고민할 필요가 있다. 무엇보다 이러한 논의에 있어서 보조금 등 세금 외의 다른 지원과의 중복 적용 배제, 다른 산업과의 형평성, 조세지출 증가에 따른 재정건전성 등이 함께 고려되어야 한다. Carbon emission regulations have been strengthened worldwide. However, it is difficult for Korean companies to implement renewable energy in a situation where the domestic renewable energy industry is weak. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the challenges of tax incentives for renewable energy and to suggest measures for improvement. The tax incentives that can be applied to all companies implementing renewable energy consist of two tax credits;integrated investment tax credit and R&D(research and human resources development) expenses tax credit. Tax credit rates are applied differently depending on the type of technology;national strategic technology, new growth engines and source technology, and many others. New and renewable energy is included in new growth engines and source technology. Thus, the tax credit rate for new and renewable energy is lower than that for national strategic technology. In addition, the applicability of tax credits is decided by the tax law. To promote implementing renewable energy, we suggest improvement measures of tax incentives for both renewable energy suppliers and buyers. Given that implementing renewable energy has a significant impact on corporates’ global competitiveness and the national economy, new and renewable energy needs to be subject to high tax credit rate corresponding to that of national strategic technology. Therefore, we suggest that new and renewable energy should be included in national strategic technology. We also suggest that new and renewable energy be defined on an equal footing with national strategic technology and new growth engines and source technology, rather than being in a subcategory of new growth engines and source technology. In addition, government needs to consider expanding the scope of new and renewable energy for integrated investment and R&D expenses tax credits. We propose introducing a new tax credit for renewable energy purchases as well, considering that Korean companies prefer to purchase renewable energy rather than generating renewable energy. During the discussion process, it is important to consider fiscal soundness, fairness with other industries, and overlapping application of benefits.

남북 재생에너지 협력을 위한 전략과 정책적 과제

김윤성(Kim, Yun-Soung),윤성권(Yun, Seong-Gwon),이상훈(Lee, Sang-Hoon) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2018 환경법과 정책 Vol.21 No.-

최근 남북관계가 개선되면서 철도, 도로, 산림 등 경제협력에 대한 논의가 본격화되고 있다. 북한은 발전소와 전력망 등 전력인프라 노후화, 발전용량의 절대적 부족으로 심각한 에너지 위기를 겪고 있으므로 에너지 협력은 더욱 실질적 단계로 나아갈 수 있다. 특히 재생에너지는 소규모 개발과 수요지 인근에 건설이 쉬워 대규모 전력망 없이 전력을 공급할 수 있고, 난방, 취사, 조명 등 주민들의 생활에 필요한 에너지를 공급할 수 있으므로 인도적인 지원도 가능하다. 또한, 한반도 에너지전환과 지속가능한 미래를 위해서도 재생에너지가 협력의 중심이 될 필요가 있다. 북한은 2013년에 제정된 『재생에네르기법』에 근거하여 2044년까지 태양광과 풍력 등 5GW의 설비를 공급하는 목표를 제시하고 있다. 『재생에네르기법』은 재생에너지 개발과 이용을 장려하고 재생에너지 산업을 활성화하여 경제를 지속적으로 발전시키고 인민 생활 수준을 높이며 국토환경을 보호하는 데 이바지하려는 목적이 있다고 밝히고 있다. 또한, 북한은 개마고원 일대, 서해안 지역이 풍황 자원이 우수하고, 평균 일사량도 남한과 비슷한 수준이어서 소규모 재생에너지 개발을 통한 전력공급에 유리한 여건을 갖추고 있다. 남북 재생에너지 협력을 위한 전략으로 도시형과 농촌형 두 가지 접근 방법을 검토할 수 있다. 상대적으로 전력수요가 집중된 도시지역에 베란다 태양광, 건물 일체형 태양광, 열병합발전과 재생에너지를 연동시킨 지역난방 주택 등을 도입할 수 있다. 농촌지역은 난방과 취사, 농업용으로 필요한 열과 〮전기를 스스로 공급하는 에너지 자립마을을 구상할 수 있다. 정책 개선 방향으로 남북교류협력사업의 무상지원 범위를 확대할 필요가 있고, 국내 『신에너지 및 재생에너지 개발·이용·보급 촉진법』에 북한지역 사업에 대한 지원과 관리규정을 마련해야 한다. 우리와 체계가 다른 북한의 에너지법, 경제협력법, 투자 관련 법에 대한 이해도 수반되어야 한다. As inter-Korean relations have improved recently, cooperation discussion is going on laying rails, installing road and reforestation sectors, and so on. North Korea has been experiencing a severe energy crisis due to the old power plant and lack of power infrastructure. Cooperation for energy is seemed to be more urgent than other sectors. Renewable energy can be developed on a small scale and is easy to build near the demand sites; it can supply electricity without a large power grid. Therefore, it can supply energy immediately for living such as heating, cooking, and lighting. Humanitarian assistance through renewable energy has been possible under sanctions against North Korea. Renewable energy plays an essential role in energy transition and sustainable future on the Korean peninsula. North Korea enacted the “Renewable Energy Law” in 2013 and set its energy supply goal of developing solar and wind power to 5GW by 2044. North Korea says it has the goal of “encouraging the development and use of renewable energy and revitalizing renewable energy industry, thereby contributing to the continual development of the economy, raising peoples living standards and protecting the environment.” The wind conditions in the Gaema Plateau and the West Coast are excellent for the development. The average solar radiation throughout North Korea is similar to that of South Korea. Therefore, North Korea is not in an unfavorable position to supply electricity through small-scale renewable energy development. Urban-type and rural type strategies for small-scale development are also previewed. In urban areas, where electricity demand is relatively high, electricity can be generated using small veranda solar PV, building integrated solar photovoltaic, and district heating system that combines cogeneration and renewable energy. On the other hand, in rural areas, energy-independent village system can be built. That system can supply heat and electricity needed for heating, cooking, and agriculture using its plentiful supply of biomass resources. Above all, it is necessary to improve the system to revitalize inter-Korean renewable energy cooperation. First, expanding the scope of grants for inter-Korean cooperation projects is needed. Second, the law “Promotion of Development and Utilization of New Energy and Renewable Energy” needs to be revised to support and control the renewable energy projects in North Korea. Lastly, Understanding the North Korean energy laws, economic cooperation laws, and investment laws that are different from our system should also be accompanied.

A Comparative Study on Overseas Renewable Energy Support Policy

김문준 ( Moon-jun Kim ),두성림 ( Cheng-lin Du ) K·기업경영연구원 2019 KBM Journal(K Business Management Journal) Vol.3 No.2

Today, investment in renewable energy is being made around the world. Leading by advanced renewable energy countries, such as Europe and the United States, which have taken the lead since the past, they are putting their lives and lives into technology development and investment in this field. This study aims to compare overseas new and renewable energy support policies, and the purpose of Korea is to find ways to utilize new and renewable energy according to the land use plan for a low-carbon energy-saving national plan. Specifically, first, I would like to consider the concept of new and renewable energy. Second, it presents the environmental added value of new and renewable energy. Third, I would like to compare policies to support subsidies for new and renewable energy overseas. Fourth, the research results and implications are drawn. Therefore, this study presents the following results. First, from an economic point of view, producing renewable energy is an advantageous industry as a company. Second, in reality, domestically produced products lose their competitiveness in the domestic market due to environmental technical regulations or standards already in place. Third, it is pointed out that it is not a problem to foster the new and renewable energy industry, but that it affects the sovereignty of the exporting country and infringes at times by applying its own laws to imported goods entering its territory outside the region. Fourth, as the renewable energy market gradually grows and related trade increases, the likelihood of a trade dispute resulting from the difference in subsidies between countries will increase.

한국에서 재생에너지 확대를 위한 정책적 과제

이상훈(Sanghoon Lee) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2014 환경법과 정책 Vol.12 No.-

재생에너지는 에너지 효율 향상과 더불어 에너지 삼중고를 넘어 지속가능한 발전을 달성하기 위한 핵심적인 기술적, 정책적 수단이다. 정부도 에너지 안보 강화, 온실가스 감축, 신성장동력 육성 등을 고려하여 2003년 제2차 신ㆍ재생에너지기본계획 수립 이후 신ㆍ재생에너지 보급 확대와 산업 육성을 위해서 지속적인 노력을 전개해오고 있다. 하지만 한국의 재생에너지 비중은 다른 OECD 국가들에 비해 매우 낮은 편이다. IEA 재생에너지 통계에 따르면 2011년 기준 한국의 일차에너지 대비 재생에너지 비중은 0.7%, 발전량 대비 재생에너지 비중은 1.4%에 불과하다. 신ㆍ재생에너지 보급 및 산업 육성을 위해 가장 중요한 것은 정부의 정책 의지이고 이와 관련하여 정부는 2035년 일차에너지의 15% 이상으로 재생에너지 목표를 상향조정할 필요가 있다. 그리고 신에너지와 재생에너지를 명확히 분리하여 국가 통계의 신뢰성을 높이고 재생에너지 지원정책의 효과성을 높여야 한다. RPS 의무 이행 비용을 전기요금에 명시적으로 반영하고 중소규모재생에너지 발전의 촉진책을 마련하며 시유지에 태양광발전의 입지가 쉽도록 근거 규정을 마련하는 것 등도 재생에너지 보급 확대를 위해 필요한 과제이다. 나아가 재생에너지에 대한 교육과 홍보를 강화하여 사회적 수용성을 제고할 필요가 있다. 이런 정책적 과제를 현실화하려면 신ㆍ재생에너지기본계획의 합리적 수립과 함께 「신에너지 및 재생에너지 개발 및 이용 보급 촉진법」의 개정이 필수적이다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 제2조(정의), 제12조5(신ㆍ재생에너지 공급의무화 등), 제26조(국유재산ㆍ공유재산의 임대 등), 제30조(신ㆍ재생에너지의 교육ㆍ홍보 및 전문인력 양성) 등에서 조문을 개정하거나 새로운 규정을 신설할 필요가 있다. Renewable energy(RE) as well as energy efficiency is a key solution to reach sustainable development beyond energy trilemma . Korean government has also implemented the policy for RE deployment and industry with the aim of energy security, climate change mitigation and new growth engine since the second basic plan for new and renewable energy in 2003. However, the share of renewable energy in South Korea is far lower compared to other OECD countries. According to the IEA statistics, the contribution of RE sources to TPES in South Korea is merely 0.7% and the share of electricity production from renewable sources is 1.4% as of 2011. The most important thing in order to promote RE and foster the industry is government’s political will, so the government needs to show the will with 15% renewable energy target by 2035. Also, it should completely devide the term of new and renewable energy into new energy and renewable energy to raise credibility of the government statistics and effectiveness of RE deployment programs. In order to promote RE deployment, the government should take action such as legally passing cost for implementation of the RPS onto electric rates, facilitating small and medium size RE equipments and enabling RE equipments on public owned land at a reasonable rent. Furthermore, social acceptance for RE should be raised by strengthening education and communication related to RE through additional budget and a new foundation. Consequently, “the act on the promotion of development, use and dissemination of new and renewable energy” should be essentially revised focusing on articles related to definition, RPS, rent for public owned property, education and communication to realize those policy suggestions measures as well as the basic plan for new and renewable energy should be set in a rational way.