Application of high pressure processing for prevention of greenish-gray yolks and improvement of safety and shelf-life of hard-cooked peeled eggs

Shahbaz, Hafiz Muhammad,Jeong, Bora,Kim, Jeong Un,Ha, Namho,Lee, Hyunah,Ha, Sang-Do,Park, Jiyong Elsevier 2018 INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Vol.45 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hard-cooked peeled eggs (HCEs) are value-added ready-to-use egg products susceptible to microbial re-contamination during post-processing stages. A post-processing terminal step using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP 500, 550, 600MPa for 5min at 25°C) was applied to ensure maximum safety of HCEs and the effects of processing were evaluated and compared with a commercial thermal post-processing intervention using steam heating. A significant discoloration in the form of greenish-gray yolks was observed in HCEs after steam heat post-processing due to overcooking. Color values of the HCE yolk (L*, a*, b*) after HHP post-processing were not significantly different (P>0.05) from non-post-processed HCEs. Non-thermal and thermal post-processing interventions each kept the growth of microbial contaminants at <10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/g throughout 45days of refrigerated storage. Microbial counts in non-post-processed HCEs exceeded this safety limit within 3d. Sensory analysis showed significantly higher preference scores for the quality attributes of HCEs post-processed with HHP than with steam heating. Inactivation curves of <I>Salmonella</I> Enteritidis inoculated onto HCE surfaces after all HHP levels were well-fitted to the biphasic mathematical model. HHP post-package pasteurization at 550MPa for 5min showed potential as a terminal non-thermal kill step for commercial production of HCEs.</P> <P><B>Industrial relevance</B></P> <P>A non-thermal post-processing intervention using HHP can be considered as a terminal kill step during commercial production of HCEs to ensure maximum microbiological safety and to extend the shelf life of HCEs without formation of unappetizing greenish-gray yolks. The biphasic mathematical model can be used to predict growth and survival of <I>Salmonella</I> Enteritidis in HCEs and to conduct a risk analysis of this type of food products.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HHP was applied as a post-processing intervention in hard-cooked peeled eggs (HCEs). </LI> <LI> HHP did not cause greenish-gray yolks in HCEs compared to thermal post-processing. </LI> <LI> HHP showed ability to inactivate <I>Salmonella</I> Enteritidis inoculated on HCE surface. </LI> <LI> HHP controlled microbial contaminants on HCEs surfaces during refrigerated storage. </LI> <LI> HHP terminal kill step can be applied in HCEs production to ensure microbial safety. </LI> </UL> </P>

Endogenous Proteolytic Systems and Meat Tenderness: Influence of Post-Mortem Storage and Processing

Lovedeep Kaur,Seah Xin Hui,James D. Morton,Ramandeep Kaur,Feng Ming Chian,Mike Boland 한국축산식품학회 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Meat proteolytic systems play a crucial role in meat tenderisation. Understanding the effects of processing technologies and post-mortem storage conditions on these systems is important due to their crucial role in determining the quality characteristics of meat and meat products. It has recently been proposed that tenderisation occurs due to the synergistic action of numerous endogenous proteolytic systems. There is strong evidence suggesting the importance of μ-calpain during the initial post-mortem aging phase, while m-calpain may have a role during long-term aging. The caspase proteolytic system is also a candidate for cell degradation in the initial stages of conversion of muscle to meat. The role of cathepsins, which are found in the lysosomes, in post-mortem aging is controversial. Lysosomes need to be ruptured, through aging, or other forms of processing to release cathepsins into the cytosol for participation in proteolysis. A combination of optimum storage conditions along with suitable processing may accelerate protease activity within meat, which can potentially lead to improved meat tenderness. Processing technologies such as high pressure, ultrasound, and shockwave processing have been reported to disrupt muscle structure, which can facilitate proteolysis and potentially enhance the aging process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the impacts of processing technologies along with post-mortem storage conditions on the activities of endogenous proteases in meat. The information provided in the review may be helpful in selecting optimum post-mortem meat storage and processing conditions to achieve improved muscle tenderness within shorter aging and cooking times.

Post-Processing Approach for Massive Output Data From Large-Scale TSPA in APro

Hong Jang,Jung-Woo Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2

APro, a process-based total system performance assessment (TSPA) tool for a geological disposal system, has a framework for simulating the radionuclide transport affected by thermal, hydraulic, mechanical or geochemical changes occurred in the disposal system. APro aims to be applied for the TSPA to long-term (> 100,000) evolution scenarios in real-world repository having more than 10,000 boreholes. In this large-scale TSPA, it is important not only to develop a high-performance numerical approach, but also to apply an efficient post-processing approach to massive spatiotemporal data. The post-processing refers to validating numerical analysis results, analyzing and evaluating target systems through data processing or visualization. Since APro uses COMSOL interface, the postprocessing function in COMSOL can be used. However, when the data size increases due to largescale numerical analysis, the time for the COMSOL post-processing increases, resulting in a problem that the analysis and evaluation are not performed effectively. In this case, it is possible to extract necessary data using the COMSOL exporting function and importing it into an external postprocessing program for the analysis and evaluation. In this study, the efficiency of external post-processing with extracted data from COMSOL was reviewed. And, we derived a proper data extraction approach (format and structure) that can increase efficiency of external post-processing.

Post-Processing of High-Speed Video-Laryngoscopic Images to Two-Dimensional Scanning Digital Kymographic Images

차원재,왕수건,장전엽,김근효,이연우,Cha, Wonjae,Wang, Soo-Geun,Jang, Jeon Yeob,Kim, Geun-Hyo,Lee, Yeon-Woo The Korean Society of Laryngology 2017 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Background and Objectives : High-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) is the only technique that captures the true intra-cycle vibratory behavior of the vocal folds by capturing full images of the vocal folds. However, it has problems of no immediate feedback during examination, considerable waiting time for digital kymography (DKG), recording duration limited to a few seconds, and extreme demands for storage space. Herein, we demonstrate a new post-processing method that converts HSV images to two-dimensional digital kymography (2D-DKG) images, which adopts the algorithm of 2D videokymography (2D VKG). Materials and Methods : HSV system was used to capture images of vocal folds. HSV images were post-processed in Kay image-process software (KIPS), and conventional DKG images were retrieved. Custom-made post-processing system was used to convert HSV images to 2D-DKG images. The quantitative parameters of the post-processed 2D-DKG images was validated by comparing these parameters with those of the DKG images. Results : Serial HSV images for all phases of vocal fold vibratory movement are included. The images were converted by the scanning method using U-medical image-process software. Similar to conventional DKG, post-processed 2D DKG image from the HSV image can provide quantitative information on vocal fold mucosa vibration, including the various vibratory phases. Differences in amplitude symmetry index, phase symmetry index, open quotient, and close quotient between 2D-DKG and DKG were analyzed. There were no statistical differences between the quantitative parameters of vocal fold vibratory movement in 2D-DKG and DKG. Conclusion : The post-processing method of converting HSV images to 2D DKG images could provide clinical information and storage economy.

상향식 계층분류의 최적화 된 병합을 위한 후처리분석과 피드백 알고리즘

최윤정,박승수 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.17 No.2

This paper shows a reinforcement post-processing method and feedback algorithm for improvement of assigning method in classification. Especially, we focused on complex documents that are generally considered to be hard to classify. A basis factors in traditional classification system are training methodology, classification models and features of documents. The classification problem of the documents containing shared features and multiple meanings, should be deeply mined or analyzed than general formatted data. To address the problems of these document, we proposed a method to expand classification scheme using decision boundary detected automatically in our previous studies. The assigning method that a document simply decides to the top ranked category, is a main factor that we focus on. In this paper, we propose a post-processing method and feedback algorithm to analyze the relevance of ranked list. In experiments, we applied our post-processing method and one time feedback algorithm to complex documents. The experimental results show that our system does not need to change the classification algorithm itself to improve the accuracy and flexibility. 본 논문은 자동화된 분류시스템의 성능향상을 위한 것으로 오분류율이 높은 불확실성이 강한 문서들의 범주결정방식을 개선하기 위한 후처리분석 방법과 피드백 알고리즘을 제안한다. 전통적인 분류시스템에서 분류의 정확성을 결정하는 요인으로 학습방법과 분류모델, 그리고 데이터의 특성을 들 수 있다. 특성들이 일부 공유되어 있거나 다의적인 특성들이 풍부한 문서들의 분류문제는 정형화된 데이터들에서 보다 심화된 분석과정이 요구된다. 특히 단순히 최상위 항목으로 지정하는 기존의 결정방법이 분류의 정확도를 저하시키는 직접적인 요인이 되므로 학습방법의 개선과 함께 분류모델을 적용한 이후의 결과 값인 순위정보 리스트의 관계를 분석하는 작업이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 경계범주의 자동탐색기법으로 확장된 학습체계를 제안한 이전 연구의 후속작업으로써, 최종 범주를 결정하기까지의 후처리분석 방법과 이전의 학습단계로 피드백하여 신뢰성을 높일 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하고 있다. 실험결과에서는 제안된 범주결정방식을 적용한 후 1회의 피드백을 수행하였을 때의 결과들을 단계적이고 종합적으로 분석함으로써 본 연구의 타당성과 정확성을 보인다.

서브시퀀스 매칭을 위한 효과적인 후처리 기법

김상욱,김만순,박정일 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

Subsequence matching, which consists of index searching and post-processing steps, is an operation that finds those subsequences whose changing patterns are similar to that of a given query sequence from a time-series database. This paper discusses optimization of post-processing for subsequence matching. The common problem occurred in post-processing of previous methods is to compare the candidate subsequence with the query sequence for discarding false alarms whenever each candidate subsequence appears during index searching. This makes a sequence containing candidate subsequences to be accessed multiple times from disk, and also have a candidate subsequence to be compared with the query sequence multiple times. These redundancies cause the performance of subsequence matching to degrade seriously. In this paper, we propose a new optimal method for resolving the problem. The proposed method stores all the candidate subsequences returned by index searching into a binary search tree, and performs post-processing in a batch fashion after finishing the index searching. By this method, we are able to completely eliminate the redundancies mentioned above. For verifying the performance improvement effect of the proposed method, we perform extensive experiments using a real-life stock data set. The results reveal that the proposed method achieves 55 times to 156 times speedup over the previous methods.

Evaluating the accuracy (trueness and precision) of interim crowns manufactured using digital light processing according to post-curing time: An in vitro study

Beom-Il Lee,Seung-Gyu You,Seung-Min You,Dong-Yeon Kim,Ji-Hwan Kim 대한치과보철학회 2021 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.13 No.2

PURPOSE. This study aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of interim crowns fabricated using DLP (digital light processing) according to postcuring time. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A virtual stone study die of the upper right first molar was created using a dental laboratory scanner. After designing interim crowns on the virtual study die and saving them as Standard Triangulated Language files, 30 interim crowns were fabricated using a DLP-type 3D printer. Additively manufactured interim crowns were post-cured using three different time conditions-10-minute post-curing interim crown (10-MPCI), 20-minute postcuring interim crown (20-MPCI), and 30-minute post-curing interim crown (30-MPCI) (n = 10 per group). The scan data of the external and intaglio surfaces were overlapped with reference crown data, and trueness was measured using the best-fit alignment method. In the external and intaglio surface groups (n = 45 per group), precision was measured using a combination formula exclusive to scan data (10C2). Significant differences in accuracy (trueness and precision) data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and post hoc analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS. In the 10-MPCI, 20-MPCI, and 30-MPCI groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy of the external and intaglio surfaces (P <.05). On the external and intaglio surfaces, the root mean square (RMS) values of trueness and precision were the lowest in the 10-MPCI group. CONCLUSION. Interim crowns with 10-minute post-curing showed high accuracy.

효과적인 전경객체 검출을 위한 배경분리기법과 후처리 방법

김영섭,박종대,이광석,고시영,허강인 한국지식정보기술학회 2011 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.6

This paper is studies on object detection using background subtraction techniques and effective post-processing technique on detected objects. AMF(Approximated Median Filtering) as a typical background subtraction technique is effective to processing time and memory use by recursive technique. But it generates loss on the interior of object and processing time slow because of process of positively curved region. To overcome problems, this paper is proposed to modified AMF and we prove a superiority of modified AMF by performance evaluations of adaptive Gaussian mixture model and Eigen-background. Also, to precisely rapidly detect objects, we propose a effective post-processing method on a binary foreground segmentation mask acquired through a proposed background subtraction techniques and prove through experiments.

RESEARCH ON DECISION-MAKING THEORY TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF SNS ON A RESEARCH

Akira Shimizu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

A large body of recent research has established that word-of-mouth websites have a major impact on consumer purchases and that this trend is particularly prevalent among the young in Japan. However, prior research into consumer decision-making processes has mainly discussed the sequence of events leading up to purchase, and only a few studies have considered the generation of word-of-mouth communication. Moreover, in the empirical analyses of this research, data was mainly gathered by experiments, and a survey field to firmly gather data has not been developed. This research has two objectives: 1) To propose a new decision-making process that considers the generation of word-of-mouth communication and 2) to create and empirically demonstrate a field that can observe the generation of such communication. Specifically, the author presents a new model of the consumer decision-making process that is based on the AISAS model, a model of advertisement flow, and empirically exhibits a survey field that uses mobile phones. From the results of the analysis in this paper, the following findings were confirmed for the three consumer packaged goods (CPG) investigated: the actual existence of a decision-making process of word-of-mouth communication for the functional drink; in post-purchase behavior, a high percentage of consumers not only engage in word-of-mouth communication, but also view product official homepages; in the case of the line-extension product, while awareness is easy to obtain, only a small amount of word-of-mouth communication takes place on the Internet and even for a private-brand product, information can be spread widely by skillfully utilizing topics in the mass media. Theoretical Background Research into consumers’ decision-making processes can be broadly divided into two flows. The first is constructed from research into consumer behavior and the second from research into advertising messages. The differences between the two are that the former is advanced by investigators who are focused on attitude formation in the decision-making process, while the latter is developed by practitioners who concentrate on how information flows. The stimulation-response type and the information-processing type decision-making processes have been constructed by research into consumer behavior. In the stimulation-response type, it is thought that consumers are mobilized by external stimuli, such as advertisements, store promotions, and discounts, which ultimately cause them to make a purchase. The Howard-Sheth model that appeared in the 1960s is representative of this type, and it describes a decision-making processes that occurs when the product purchased is comparatively inexpensive and requires low participation. In contrast, the information-processing type is a decision-making process for a purchase in which the consumer actively collects information and decides on his or her attitude in achieve personal purchasing goals. It is represented by the Bettman model and describes actions taken when the product price is comparatively high and when risks exist at the time of purchase. Consumers are assumed to adopt either of these decision-making processes, depending on which is more appropriate for their particular situations, but both models mainly describe the process up to the time the purchase is made and hardly mention word-of-mouth communication after it. The area that has been being researched from the perspective of successfully communicating an advertising message to consumers has relied on the AIDMA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Memory, and Action) model that was published in 1956, which was based on the AID (Attention, Interest, and Desire) model, advocated in 1898. Searching for advertisement effects based on this flow is known to be useful in predicting consumer behavior and in corporate branding. It is widely used in the business world, since it can be usefully applied to actual businesses, but it involves hardly any empirical analysis and so is frequently used just as a concept. As described above, consumer decision-making processes have developed as two systems, but as is seen in the review, the conventional decision-making process barely touches on word-of-mouth effects after purchase. Incidentally, during the last few years in the area of advertising messages, models incorporating word-of-mouth communication after purchase have spread in Japan. A typical example is AISAS, which is an abbreviation of Attention about the product; Interest; Search, including on the Internet; Action, namely, the purchase; and Share, such as purchasers writing their impressions of the product on the Internet. Related research has established that those people who are aware of and interested in the product are more likely to listen to word-of-mouth communication and that some people tend to be more likely to listen to it than others. The SIPS model, which was developed from AISAS and assumes that word-of-mouth communication is the starting point for a purchase, is an abbreviation of Sympathize→Identify→Participate→Share & Spread. It is a model with a new paradigm in that rather than the mass media, the trigger for a purchase is word-of-mouth communication, such as a comment on Facebook. From the above, it is clear that a decision-making process for the Internet age that addresses the following points needs to be established: 1) Rather than the conventional one-way model that starts with awareness and ends with the purchase, it is necessary to consider the effects that the sharing of information after a purchase have on others who are searching for information; and 2) the decision-making process is not concluded solely within the individual, and it is necessary to consider the effects that individuals have on the market as a whole. However, in actual purchase scenes, if there are products that are bought through the proliferation of information via SNS, then, as before, there are still many purchases generated by promotions. In other words, it is thought that decision-making processes will vary according to differences in products and consumers and that these various processes coexist. Therefore, next, we will consider how these processes vary because of differences in products and consumers. Empirical Analysis For the analysis in this paper, Minrepo from Docomo Insight Marketing Inc. (DIM) was used. DIM is a joint venture between NTT Docomo Inc., which is the mobile phone company with the largest share of the Japanese market, and Intage Inc., which is Japan’s largest research company. DIM’s Minrepo is a survey and an experiment field for an SNS that uses smart phones and a mechanism by which information posted on the SNS can be confirmed. The Docomo smartphone users post reports with attached photographs of products, meals, and other items they have been used or consumed, in response to which other Docomo smartphone users click on buttons such as “Looks good” and “Wish.” Unlike Facebook, users connect loosely with people with whom they are not acquainted, and so, in actuality, its network structure is closer to that of Twitter or blogs. In addition to observing their actions, it also enables the participants to be surveyed. The current survey period was one month, July 2013, and 2,342 people participated in the survey (of whom, 1,140 were men and 1,202 were women), and a total of 19,196 reports were posted. These postings included reports on three product brands: A, a high-selling functional beverage; B, a line-extension ice bar; and C, a private-brand sweet roll. Brand A was surveyed twice via smartphone, at the beginning and at the end of the survey period. Results First, data were compiled on whether many routes existed for the decision-making processes. From these data, among the 374 people who bought brand A during the relevant period, it was found that 254 of them had some sort of awareness or interest in the product prior to their purchase, that 55 of them purchased it without thinking, and that 65 were aware of and interested in the product and had word-of-mouth communication about it prior to their purchases. Moreover, of these purchasers, 33 of them said word-of-mouth communication was the information that spurred their purchases. Many people were aware of and interested in the low-price beverage prior to their purchase of it, which might be because it is a functional beverage. The percentage of people who sent out word-of-mouth communication was slightly more than 15%, while marginally more than 10% of people were influenced by it, and it is thought that this demonstrates that it is meaningful to take word-of-mouth communication into account when considering decision-making. Next, the routes for the awareness of the three products and the consumers’ behavior after the purchase were investigated. Table 1 shows the results of this investigation. In terms of this characteristic, the awareness rate within the store was high for each of the products, but the awareness rate for brand A was often the result of the many TV commercials that were broadcast for it, while the awareness rate for brand B, which is a line-extension product, was significantly influenced by the parent brand. In contrast to these findings, the cognizance from SNS was high for brand C, and even though consumers were not subject to advertisements about it through the mass media; it was ascertained that this brand succeeded in earning awareness in stores and via SNS. Table 2 shows the consumers’ behavior after their purchases. From it, we see that much word-of-mouth communication was generated for each of the three brands, but compared to brands A and C, the volume of word-of-mouth communication generated on the Internet for brand B was extremely small. This is result is thought to reflect the fact that brand B is a brand-extension product, and so while awareness of it tends to be high, it lacks freshness to the extent that it becomes a topic on the Internet. In addition, for brand A, a large percentage of the people surveyed checked the product on the company site after their purchases of it. It is thought that this was to ascertain what was meant by it being described as functional. Finally, for brand A, the results of the surveys of the conditions before and after the experiment were compared, and the characteristics of those people who responded that they did not first send out word-of-mouth communication but did so after the experiment were investigated. From this investigation, it was ascertained that those who frequently use Twitter and Facebook and those who believe that other people expect them to be a source of information engage in word-of-mouth behavior. This shows that it is not only the product, but also the characteristics of the consumer that greatly influence word-of-mouth communication. Discussion From a review of prior research on consumers’ decision-making processes and on the flow of advertisements, this paper presents a consumer decision-making process that corresponds to the present age of a developed Internet environment. This process was confirmed with data obtained from a pseudo-Twitter world, via actual mobile phones. From this, the following findings were established: the existence of decision-making behaviors that generate word-of-mouth communication; the coexistence of conventional information-processing and stimulation-response processing, according to the product investigated; differences in behaviors for coming into contact with information prior to purchase and for transmitting and searching for information after purchase; and the greater likelihood that people who use Twitter and Facebook to engage in word-of-mouth communication.

불용어 시소러스를 이용한 비정형 텍스트 데이터 후처리 방법론에 관한 연구

이원조 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.9 No.6

Most text data collected through web scraping for artificial intelligence and big data analysis is generally large and unstructured, so a purification process is required for big data analysis. The process becomes structured data that can be analyzed through a heuristic pre-processing refining step and a post-processing machine refining step. Therefore, in this study, in the post-processing machine refining process, the Korean dictionary and the stopword dictionary are used to extract vocabularies for frequency analysis for word cloud analysis. In this process, “user-defined stopwords” are used to efficiently remove stopwords that were not removed. We propose a methodology for applying the “thesaurus” and examine the pros and cons of the proposed refining method through a case analysis using the “user-defined stop word thesaurus” technique proposed to complement the problems of the existing “stop word dictionary” method with R’s word cloud technique. We present comparative verification and suggest the effectiveness of practical application of the proposed methodology.