타투로 표현된 운동선수의 심리기술

유하나,최재원 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.12

Objectives In this study, we intend to analyze in-depth the tattoo motives of athletes, as well as factors related to the characteristics of athletes only given through tattoo participation and psychological skills that are beneficial to performance. Methods In order for this, an open-ended questionnaire and an in-depth interview were used and analyzed in this study. The open-ended questionnaire surveyed 80 athletes over the age of 20 with more than ten years of experience as athletes, and the collected data was analyzed using inductive content. The tattoo motives of the athletes were then identified in-depth through in-depth interviews with 9 athletes who did not participate in the open-ended questionnaire. Results The findings of this study were classified by deriving 5 general areas and 8 detailed areas from 281 raw data collected via an open-ended questionnaire using inductive content analysis. The general domain was divided into three sections: “Goal Setting”, “concentration improvement”, “strength,” “positive psychology,” and “identity.” Task goals and self-goals are detailed factors in the “goal setting” factor, and external concentration and internal concentration are detailed factors in the “concentration improvement” factor. The “toughness” factor's detailed factors appeared as expressions of strength and self-expression, whereas the “positive psychology” and “identity” factors appeared as a single factor. Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that tattoos on athletes are no longer a negative action expressed in the past, but rather a positive effect to improve athletes' performance, and an action engraved as a symbolic mark. Furthermore, the motivation for athlete tattooing has been studied from the standpoint of psychological technology that improves athletic performance. It is intended to be used as a starting point for future research. 목적 본 연구에서는 운동선수의 타투 동기에 대해 심층 분석하여 타투 참여를 통해 부여되는 운동선수만이 갖는 특징과 경기력에도움이 되는 심리기술 관련 요인들을 심층적으로 분석하고자 한다. 방법 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 개방형 질문지와 심층면담을 채택하여 분석하였다. 개방형 질문지는 운동선수로서 10년 이상의경력을 가진 20세 이상의 운동선수 중 타투 경험이 있는 80명을 대상으로 조사하였으며 이를 통해 수집된 자료는 귀납적 내용분석을실시하였다. 이후 개방형 설문에 참여하지 않은 선수 9명을 대상으로 심층면담을 통하여 운동선수의 타투 동기를 심층적으로 파악하였다. 결과 본 연구의 결과는 개방형질문지를 통하여 수집된 281개의 원자료를 귀납적 내용분석을 통해 일반영역 5개, 세부영역 8개를도출하여 범주화 되었으며 일반영역으로는 “목표설정”, “집중력향상”, “강인함”, “긍정심리”, “정체성” 으로 범주화 되었다. “목표설정” 요인은 세부요인으로 과제목표, 자아목표가 있으며, “집중력향상” 요인의 세부요인은 외적집중, 내적집중으로 나타났다. “강인함” 요인의 세부요인은 강인함 표현, 자아표현으로 나타났으며, “긍정심리” 요인과 “정체성” 요인은 단일요인으로 나타났다. 결론 운동선수의 타투는 더 이상 과거의 부정적인 시각으로 표현되었던 행위가 아닌 운동선수의 경기력을 향상시키는 긍정적인 효과, 상징적인 표식으로 새겨진 행위임을 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 알 수 있었다. 또한 운동선수의 타투 동기를 운동수행을 향상시키는 심리기술의 관점으로 연구되어 현장에서 코치 및 감독 등과 같은 교육자들이 선수를 더 잘 이해하는 자료로 쓰이고자 하며, 더나아가 선수들의 경기력을 향상시킬 수 있는 기초자료로 쓰이고자 한다.

Children’s God Concepts through Open-ended Questions

김성원 한국기독교교육학회 2008 기독교교육논총 Vol.19 No.-

Research secured qualitative research regarding children’s God concept. The researcher asked ten open-ended questions and a drawing prompt to explore children's in-depth God concepts. One hundred forty children from large Southern Baptist churches in Tarrant County, TX participated to reveal their thoughts about God. For example, children answered the question, “Is God like your mother?” with the following responses: “yes” by 76 children; “no” by 57 children; “both” by 5 children; and other responses by 2 children. The following are the reasons for their answers: “They love, care, help, and watch over me” by 47 children; “They made me” by 14 children; “They discipline me” by 3 children; “God is not a woman” by 35 children; “My mother is absent of divine attributes” by 6 children; and other responses by 35 children. Children’s answers revealed their deep thoughts concerning God and showed differences in different ways with which structured-questions would not show.

엘리트 사격선수의 사격기술 완벽추구성향 측정도구 개발

황수영(Hwang, Suyoung),장덕선(Chang, Duksun) 한국체육과학회 2022 한국체육과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a scale that can evaluate the marksmanship proficiency of elite shooting athletes as a measurable index and verify its validity. Methods: For the development of items on techniques affecting shooting performance, we (a)examined previous research; (b)conducted a content analysis on the result from a questionnaire administered to 38 Korean elite shooting athletes who have experience breaking new records in Korea, world championships, World Cups, Asian Games/Olympics, and winning medals, and (c)consulted with experts about the items. For the development of the marksmanship proficiency scale. The preliminary items (k=179) developed were then verified using a factor analysis, goodness-of-fit indices analysis, and face validity analysis; these series of research procedure resulted in 58 items in 7 constructs (condition control, first shot preparation process, gun and aiming, minimization of muzzle movement, firing process, trigger tracking, psychological strategy), each of whose reliability was .60 or more. Result: For the development of the marksmanship proficiency scale, the best athletes open-ended questionnaire responses were categorized by performing content analysis, and among the qualitative methods of developing the scale for evaluating athletic skills, validity and reliability verification based on the interpretive paradigm was conducted. In addition, more field-oriented and empirical data could be derived through expert meetings as well as revisions and supplements. Conclusion: We expect the developed scale to serve as an objective measure for the evaluation of shooting skills, thereby providing a useful training guideline for shooting athletes and supervisors.

스포츠 현장에서 체벌의 목적과 체벌 발생의 원인 분석

김재우(Kim, Jae-Woo),이지훈(Lee, Ji-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

The purpose of this study were to obtain basic data to resolve the problem of corporal punishment by analyzing the purpose of corporal punishment and the causes of its occurrence in the sports field. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 107 university student athletes and coaches distributed in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, and Busan were selected as research subjects using the ideal case selection method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 7 coaches, and research data were collected by conducting an open-ended questionnaire targeting 100 student athletes and coaches. The results of the collected data were derived using qualitative data analysis methods such as taxonomic analysis and inductive categorical system. The results of this study were as follows. First, the purpose of corporal punishment in the sports field were found to be strengthening of athletic ability, achievement of exercise results, maintenance of lifestyle and customs, and personal reasons. Second, the causes of corporal punishment occurrence in sports field were found to be ignorance of exercise guidance, sport for winning sake, lack of social and psychological capabilities, and difficulty in eradicating corporal punishment.

당구 선수들의 참여 동기에 관한 연구

박지수,최재원,강성구 한국융합학회 2017 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.8 No.12

This study is devoted to investigating participation motivations of billiard players who join games through open-ended questionnaires, and identify the difference of participation motivations in the game according to age and experience. Thus, 696 original data on participation motivations was obtained from 267 billiard players in Gyeonggi-do based on open-ended questionnaires. Results from inductive analysis are as follows. First, their participation motivations included 10 general sectors such as interests, objective achievement motive, competition, interpersonal relationship, mental health, job, gambling, sport competence, suggestion by others, and university admission. Second, enjoyment showed the highest percents among participation motivations according to participants' age. Third, interest showed the highest percents among participation motivations in less than five years of their experiences. Objective achievement motive was the highest portion for more than five years. These outcomes will be used as a basic data to understand the relationship of billiard players who participate in the game and further create better billiard game culture. 본 연구의 목적은 당구경기에 참여하는 당구선수들을 대상으로 참여 동기를 개방형 질문지를 통하여 심층적으로 규명하고, 연령과 경력에 따른 당구경기 참여 동기 차이점을 규명하고자 하였다. 이에 경기도 소재 당구선수 267명을 대상으로 개방형 질문지를 통하여 참여 동기에 대한 696개의 원자료를 획득하여 귀납적 분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 당구선수의 당구경기 참여 동기는 재미, 목표성취동기, 경쟁, 대인관계, 정신건강, 직업, 도박, 스포츠 유능감, 주요타자의 권유, 대학진학의 10가지 일반영역으로 도출되었다. 둘째, 연구대상의 연령에 따른 당구 경기 참여 동기는 모든 연령대에서 재미 영역이 가장 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 연구대상자의 경력에 따른 당구경기 참여 동기는 5년 미만은 재미영역에 대한 비율이 가장 높았으며, 5년 이상은 목표성취동기영역이 가장 높은 반응이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 당구선수들이 당구경기에 참여하는 관계를 이해하고 나아가 올바른 당구 경기 문화를 창달하는데 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

초등 특별편입 예비교사의 체육에 대한 인식변화

조순묵(Soon Mook Cho) 한국스포츠교육학회 2005 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.12 No.1

이 연구는 체육과 교육과정을 이수한 초등 특별편입 예비교사들의 체육교과에 대한 인식의 변화과정 및 내용을 파악하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 ○○대학교 초등 특별편입학과 학생 631명을 대상으로 개방형 질문지를 통한 자료 수집과 귀납적 범주 분석을 통한 내용 분석을 바탕으로 결과를 도출하였다. 분석의 결과 예비교사들의 인식 변화를 `교과인식`, `교사인식`, `수업인식`, `변화 없음` 이라는 4개의 대영역으로 분류하여 범주화 할 수 있었는데, 「교과인식」의 변화 범주는 4가지의 대영역 중 가장 많은 사례를 기록 하였으며 `교과로서의 체육교육 인식, 체육교육의 중요성 인식, 체육교육의 필요성 인식, 체육교육에 대한 불신`이라는 중영역을 토대로 생성되었다. 「수업인식」의 변화 범주는 `교수방법의 중요성 인식, 수업계획의 중요성 인식, 힘들고 어려운 수업, 수업에 대한 자신감, 수업에 대한 기대`라는 중영역의 인식들을 기초로 하여 생성되었으며, 「교사인식」의 변화 범주는 `교사로서의 자신감, 노력이 필요한 교사, 전문성이 필요한 교사`를 기초로 하여 생성되었다. 그리고 나아진 큰 변화가 없었다는 인식에 기초하여 「변화없음」이라는 범주가 생성되었다. 이러한 결과에 근거하여 특별편입 체육교육과정을 이수한 예비교사들의 체육에 대한 인식의 변화는 적극적으로 이루어졌으며, 대부분 긍정적인 방향으로 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was investigated what the perception change was about the physical education at the point of ending the teacher education of preservice teachers in elementary special enlist. This study have collected the data through the open-ended questionnaire in the object of 621 students in the department of special enlist in ○○university for this purpose, and produced the result through the inductive contents analysis method. As a result of the analysis, this study have classified the perception change of preservice teachers into `the subject perception`, `the teacher perception`, `the physical education classes perception`, and `no change` of 4 large categories and categorized them. The change category of "the subject perception] has recorded the most cases out of the 4 large categories, and it has been produced on the basis of midium categories of `the perception of physical education as a subject, the perception of importance of physical education, the perception of necessity of physical education, and the disbelief about physical education`. The change category of `the physical education classes perception_, has been produced on the basis of medium categories of `the perception of importance of instruction method, the perception of importance of instruction plan, the hard and difficult instruction, the confidence about instruction, and the expectation about instruction`, and the change category of 1 the teacher perception] has been produced on the basis of `the confidence as a teacher, the teacher wanting efforts, and the teacher wanting the expertise`. And the category of ` no change] has been produced on the basis of the perception that there wasn`t any big change. It is viewed that the perception change about the physical education of preservice teachers having completed the physical education curriculum by elementary special enlist has been made positively on the basis of these results, and that it has been made mostly positive way.

축구지도자의 직무스트레스 구성요인 탐색

이경하,최재원,강성구,유하나 한국체육학회 2021 한국체육학회지 Vol.60 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct of job stress through Open-ended Questionnaire for soccer instructors. Data collection was conducted with the open questionnaire for 238 soccer instructors who participated in the coaching qualification acquisition education workshop jointly supervised by KFA (Korea Football Association) and AFC (Asian Football Confederation). The results derived through this series of research processes are as follows. First, as a result of inductive content analysis of the open questionnaire, 5 general areas of occupational stress of soccer leaders were derived: player management, employment insecurity and treatment, infringement of autonomy, player supply, and demand and advancement, and performances. We have derived 14 detailed areas and 838 sources to support this. Secondly, as a result of job stress according to job title, the head coach had the highest job stress due to the supply and demand of athletes and the factors for going on to higher education, and the coach had the highest factor of player management. Thirdly, as a result of job stress by the coaching team, the factor of player management was the highest in all teams except the university team. I hope that the results of this study will be used as basic data for efforts to reduce the occupational stress of soccer instructors and for the development of tools for measuring the occupational stress of soccer instructors.

전담교사의 체육수업에 대한 학생의 인식

박재정(Jae Jeong Park) 한국스포츠교육학회 2004 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.11 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 체육전담교사의 수업을 받고 있는 학생들이 이전 담임교사의 수업과 비교하여 가장 큰 차이점으로 인식하는 점이 무엇인지를 살펴보기 위함이다. 이를 위해 2003학년도 전담교사가 수업 반성의 한 방법으로 자신의 수업을 받은 5·6학년 255명의 학생을 대상으로 기술하게 한 개방형 질문지 중 `체육전담 교사와의 수업이 이전 담임교사와의 수업과 비교해서 가장 차이나는 점은 무엇인가?`라는 항목의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 응답을 하지 않았거나(10매) 질문에 대한 답으로 보기 어려운 응답(8매)을 제외한 총 267매의 원 자료를 귀납적 내용 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 내용 분석 결과 학생들의 인식은 동일한 내용과 의미의 34개 소영역으로 분류하였으며 이를 다시 10개의 중영역으로 분석하여 「수업내용의 다양성, 교수방법의 전문성, 수업운영의 계획성, 수업운영의 동일성」 이라는 4개의 대영역으로 해석하여 범주화 하였다. 수업내용의 다양성 범주는 78명(29%)의 학생들이 가지고 있는 인식으로 「다양한 수업내용(18명), 차별화 된 수업내용(35명), 도움이 되는 수업내용(16명), 수업내용의 흥미감소(9명)」 라는 중영역을 바탕으로 한다. 교수방법의 전문성 범주는 76명(29%)의 학생들이 갖고 있는 인식으로 구체적으로 「전문화 된 지도방법(46명), 차별화 된 교수방법(30명), 이라는 중영역의 인식을 바탕으로 한다. 수업운영의 계획성 범주는 88명(33%)의 학생들이 갖고 있는 인식으로 「체계적인 수업운영(30명), 차별화 된 수업운영(23명), 수업운영의 정상화(35명)」라는 중영역의 인식을 바탕으로 한다. 수업에서의 차이점을 찾고자 하는 연구였으나 분석의 결과 `차이 없다`, `비슷하다` 라는 인식이 분류되어 수업운영의 동일성이라는 범주도 생성되었다. This research is intended to confirm the biggest difference between the physical education classes provided by elementary physical education specialist and by classroom teachers and look into the reality of elementary school physical education and try to search for the means to normalize the current situation. The participants of this study were 125 students in 6th grade of four classes and 160 students in 5th grade of five classes at B Elementary School in Gyeong-nam Province in 2003, who received physical education classes from elementary physical education specialist. As a method of this study, the concerned item data among the open-ended questionnaire that requested them to write the biggest difference in the physical education provided by the physical education specialist and by the classroom teacher was analyzed. In the analyzing process, peer debriefing and specialist debriefing were undergone in order to exclude the researcher`s subjectivity as much as possible. My three colleagues and I read the original data for data analysis, and thus we selected 18 answer sheets to be excluded The remaining answer sheets(267) were classified into a primary small category by gathering the same content and meaning through inputting into computer, and printed out. They were classified into medium category through consultation process with three majoring sport pedagogy. In this process, the items on which agreement was not made came to an agreement through several occasions of opinion exchanges. The large category was classified through the same classification method from small to medium category classification As a result of content analysis, the perception of students was categorized into 10 medium categories by analyzing 34 small categories and again they were interpreted into 4 large categories, such as diversity of class content, expertise of teaching method, planning of class operation and identification of class operation.

한국무용수가 인지하는 최상수행 전략 탐색

조영주,정유영 영남춤학회 2017 영남춤학회誌 Vol.5 No.2

An exploration for peak performance strategy recognized by Korea dancers Cho, Young-Ju • Jung, Yoo-Yeong (Changwon National University) The purpose of this study is to explore their unique strategy recognized by Korea dancers who can show the peak performance in the stage. The data was collected from 76 dancers of National and municipal dance company through open-ended questionnaire. As a result of inductive contents analysis through expert meeting, 4 factors including psychological stability (40.8%), completion degree of performance (29.6%), optimal physical condition (17.6%) and performance routines (12%) were proved to be their unique strategy leading to peak performance. That is, it was found that the psychological stability is achieved through psychological control, flow, self-confidence and tension relaxation, the completion degree of performance is achieved through perfect exercise and image creation ability, the optimal physical condition is achieved through physical condition control and diet, and the performance routine is achieved through routine, which is own automatic habit associated with the performance, for the ultimate peak performance. In particular, the ability to control psychological stability is proved to be the best strategy for the peak performance. We can reaffirm that the result of the performance by the stable psychological condition of the dancer depends on the performances after all no matter how the skill is excellent. Therefore, the exclusive, thorough and differentiated strategy for the peak performance lies in the ability to control, maintain the optimized physical and mental condition and the best adjustment and management of own performance. This suggests the necessity of differentiated individual application from the inside of the dancer, not the same application, and the preparation of strategy. 본 연구는 무대에서 한국무용수들이 인지하는 최상수행을 발휘하기 위한 자신만의 고유한 전략을 탐색하는데 있다. 국•시립무용단원 76명을 대상으로 개방형 설문을 하여 자료를 수집하였다. 전문가 회의를 통한 귀납적 내용분석 결과, 심리적 안정(40.8%), 작품의 완성도(29.6%), 최적의 신체적 컨디션(17.6%), 공연 루틴(12%)의 4요인이 최상수행을 이끄는 자신만의 고유한 전략으로 나타났다. 즉, 심리적 안정은 심리조절, 몰입, 자신감, 긴장 이완을 통해, 작품의 완성도는 완벽한 연습과 이미지 창조 능력을 통해, 최적의 신체적 컨디션은 신체 컨디션 조절과 식이조절을 통해, 공연 루틴은 공연과 연계된 평소 자신만의 자동적습관인 루틴을 통해 최상수행으로 다가가는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 심리적 안정의 조절 능력은 최상수행을 이끄는 전략으로 가장 높게 인식하였다. 이는 아무리실력이 뛰어날지라도 결국 공연마다 무용수의 안정된 심리상태에 의한 공연의결과가 좌우한다는 점을 재확인할 수 있다. 따라서 최상수행을 위한 철저한 자신만의 차별화된 전략은 최적화된 심신의 상태를 조절 및 유지하고 자신의 수행력을 잘 조절하고 관리하는데 있다. 이는 동일한 적용이 아닌 무용수 자신의 내부에서 차별화된 개별 적용의 필요성과 전략 마련을 시사한다.

참조효과에 따른 종교생활에 대한 인식

박준성(Junseong Park),정태연(Taeyun Jung) 한신대학교 종교와문화연구소(구 한신인문학연구소) 2010 종교문화연구 Vol.- No.15

Religious life is one of the powerful values which exercise great influence on human beings. It is related to almost all aspects of our daily lives and also gives ultimate answers to the questions such as “Who am I?” and “What is the meaning of life and death to me?” People also try with LOR to overcome and solve problems they face on circumscription with their limits. In these senses, it is not plausible to understand people’s life styles without knowledge of their religion. In Korea, Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Protestantism, and Catholicism have coexisted in the form of being intertwined with one another and have guided the lives of Korean people in a culturally unique way. Given this situation, it may not be adequate to study Koreans’ religious life on the basis of its Western concepts and research methodologies. The purpose of this study is thus to uncover the picture Koreans envision in their mind about religious life as the first step to take for studying Koreans’ religious life, A total of 219 people with an average age of 46 years old participated in this study (81 Buddhists, 75 Protestants, and 65 Catholics). Participants were asked in an open-ended questionnaire to describe internal states and external behavior of their own when their belief in God is strong. Content analyses with their responses produced three dimensions for religious life: personal, social and religious dimensions. The personal dimension included positive, self-control, resilient, thankful, norm, satisfaction of life, dignities, psychological stability, earnest, calm, families’ harmony, standard behaviors, self-reflection, wearing a smile, and economic accomplishments. The social dimension circumscribed helping others, concerning for others, love for others, relationship with others, and volunteering activities. The religious dimension included religious lives, missionary work, donating or offering, duties of religion, attending religious activities, confidence of religion, pray, following the doctrines, sacrifices, and after this life. Further, participants had different concepts of religious life according to their religion. Buddhist were oriented toward spiritual awakening and self-discipline. Protestants emphasized flowing into the religion itself and sharing their lives with communities. Catholics focused on the reasons of the problems in their lives caused by themselves. These differences among religions make it necessary to understand the three dimensions of religious life in religion-specific ways in Korea.