보문 : 보문 : 에너지/환경,신재생에너지,폐기물처리/자원화기술 ; 악취 및 VOC를 함유한 폐가스의 바이오필터 처리: 1,개선된 바이오필터설계에 의한 압력강하와 미생물 population 분포

임광희 ( Kwang Hee Lim ),이은주 ( Eun Ju Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.1

본 연구에서는 개선된 바이오필터설계를 가지는 새로운 바이오필터의 압력강하 및 미생물 population 분포 등을 관찰하고, 같은 유효부피를 갖고 unidirectional flow (UF)를 갖는 전통적 바이오필터의 경우와 비교하였다. 개 선된 바이오필터는 운전 초기 또는 정상상태의 장기운전에서 전통적 바이오필터 압력강하의 약 40~80% 이상을 감소시켰다. 미생물 population 분포는 바이오필터 담체인 폐타이어담체와 입상 활성탄의 두 경우 모두 바이오필 터 top 단에서 가장 낮았고 바이오필터 밑으로 내려갈수록 미생물 population이 커졌다. 한편 폐타이어담체는 입 상활성탄 담체보다 월등히 큰 미생물 population을 나타내는 미생물 콜로니 개체수(CFU counts)를 보였다. 개선 된 바이오필터에서 악취가스가 bottom→up으로 공급되는 경우에 악취가스가 top→down으로 공급되는 경우보다 미생물 population 성장이 더욱 컸으며, 입상활성탄 담체보다 폐타이어담체에서 이 현상이 더욱 두드러졌다. 전통 적 바이오필터와 개선된 바이오필터시스템 각각의 미생물 population 분포도를 비교하였을 때에, 개선된 바이오 필터의 미생물 population은 전통바이오필터보다 입상 활성탄 담체와 폐타이어담체의 경우에 각각 약 15배 및 2.5 배 만큼 더 고르게 분포되었다. In this study, both pressure drop and microbe-population-distribution were observed while running a novel biofilter system with improved design in which the biofilter system is composed of two, upper and lower biofilters with both equal feed-rates of up-flow and down-flow, respectively. Then they were compared with the pressure drop and microbe-population-distribution observed in a conventional biofilter of the same effective volume with unidirectional flow. The pressure drop-value of biofilter system with improved design turned out to be less at the incipient stage of run or steady-state long term operation by more than 40~80% of that of the conventional biofilter. The microbe-populationdistribution was observed to be lower and higher at higher and lower column of biofilter, respectively, for both the conventional biofilter and the biofilter system with improved design. The microbe-media of waste-tire crumb showed much greater CFU counts than GAC. In the biofilter system with improved design, the bottom→up feeding of waste air showed greater microbe-population growth than the top→down feeding for both the microbe-media of waste-tire crumb and GAC. However, it was more prominent for the former than the latter. Comparing the microbe-population-distributions of both of the conventional biofilter and the biofilter system with improved design, the microbe-population of latter was distributed ca. 15 and 2.5 times more evenly for GAC and the media of waste-tire crumb, respectively, than that of former.

The relationship between commensal microbes and dietary metformin on host physiology in Drosophila melanogaster

( Ji-hyeon Lee ),( Shin-hae Lee ),( Kyung-jin Min ) 한국장기요양학회 2018 한국장기요양학회 추계학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.-

Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been shown to extend lifespan in animal model, but its mechanism of action is poorly defined. Recent research provided evidence that retardation of aging of Caenorhabditis elegans by metformin is a result of the altered folate and methionine metabolism of intestinal microbiota of C. elegans, suggesting that metformin influences the microbiota, which might be involved in metabolic improvement and possibly lifespan extension. Focused on this finding in nematodes, we investigated the role of the microbiota in regulate of host physiology under dietary supplementation of metformin in Drosophila melanogaster as a model system with many advantages for microbe-host studies. To examine whether the effect of metformin in lifespan of fly is influenced by commensal microbes, we generated axenic flies and measured the lifespan under the various concentration of metformin. In conventional cultured condition, supplementation of 5 and 25 mM of metformin in food extended lifespan of fly. However, this life-extension effect of metformin did not show in axenic fly, indicating that commensal microbes regulates the metformin-induced lifespan change in D. melanogaster. Also, we examine intestinal physiology in conventional and axenic fly sing measure the reproductive oblong deposit (RODS), because gastrointestinal upset is common side effect of metformin treatment in diabetic patients. In addition, antimicrobial effect was increased with concentration of metformin and change of bacterial load of fly was shown negative correlation with metformin concentration in CFU assay and 16s rRNA PCR. These data suggest that the effect of metformin on change of host physiology is regulated with alternated microbiota in D. melanogaster. Our results showing the relationship of commensal microbes and effect of metformin on host physiology will provide fundamental knowledge to understand the underlying mechanisms of metformin action.

염증성 장질환에서 대변이식의 효능 및 안전성과 미생물기반 치료의 전망

조훈길 ( Hoon Gil Jo ),서검석 ( Geom Seog Seo ) 대한소화기학회 2021 대한소화기학회지 Vol.78 No.1

The use of 5-ASA, immunomodulators, biologics, and small molecule drugs are the main treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is also drawing attention as a treatment to improve intestinal dysbiosis by transplantaing normal human stool into patients with IBD. FMT demonstrates relatively good effects in inducing clinical remission in IBD, but unlike Clostridium difficile infection, multiple FMT can enhance the clinical effect. There are no reports of the long-term effectiveness and safety of FMT conducted in IBD yet, therefore, well-designed, prospective studies will be needed. Gut microbiota can affect inflammatory response, intestinal barrier function, and host metabolism, so microbe-based therapies are likely to be a new treatment option for IBD. The deeper the understanding of microbe products or effectors, the more likely it is to provide personalized therapy in IBD. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2021;78:31-36)

통합 하이브리드시스템의 압력강하 거동 및 바이오필터 담체의 미생물 population 분포

이은주 ( Eun Ju Lee ),임광희 ( Kwang-hee Lim ) 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.60 No.1

교대로 운전되는 광촉매반응기 공정, 및 바이오필터 공정(전통적 바이오필터(L 반응기)와 두 개의 유닛(unit)을 가지는 개선된 바이오필터시스템(R 반응기))로 구성된 통합처리시스템에서, 에탄올과 황화수소를 동시 함유한 폐가스 처리를 수행하는데 발생하는 공정 당 압력강하(△p)와 바이오필터 공정의 미생물 population 분포를 관찰하였다. 교대로 운전되는 광촉매 반응기의 △p는, 바이오필터의 △p와 비교할 때에 무시할 정도로 작게 관찰되었다. L 반응기의 △p는, 통합처리시스템의 운전 중에 계속 증가하여 4.0~5.0 mmH₂O (i.e., 5.0~6.25 mmH₂O/m)로 증가하였다. 한편 R 반응기의 경우에서는 L 반응기의 △p의 약 16~20% 이하인 작은 △p를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 적용한 공극율이 큰 폐타이어 담체 등의 바이오필터 담체 및 R 반응기 설계의 적용이, 목재 칩(wood chip)과 목재 바크(wood bark)의 50 대 50인 혼합물을 바이오필터 담체로 사용한 전통적 바이오필터의 보고된 압력강하 값의 각각 37~50%와 40~53% 만큼 압력강하 저감에 공헌하였다고 분석되었다. 또한 본 연구의 R 반응기 운전에서 압력강하 값이, 공극율이 큰 화산석(scoria)과 compost를 75 대 25로 혼합한 복합 담체를 충전한 전통적 바이오필터의 보고된 압력강하 값보다 약 80%만큼 저감된 결과는 주로 R 반응기 설계의 적용에 기인하였다고 해석되었다. 한편, 통합처리시스템에서 바이오필터 담체의 microbial population 분포로서 L 반응기 및 R 반응기의 담체 내 미생물 콜로니 수 비교에서는 L 반응기가 제일 밑단에서 다른 윗 단의 콜로니 수보다 거의 두 배로 증가하였으나; R 반응기의 경우는 R_dn 반응기와 R_up 반응기 각각의 상단과 하단에서 고르게 분포하였고 L 반응기보다 콜로니 수가 평균적으로 약 50% 정도 더 컸다. 이러한 현상은 R 반응기의 상단과 하단의 함수율이 50-55%의 고른 분포를 보인 것에 기인하였다. 따라서 개선된 바이오필터시스템이 전통적 바이오필터보다 △p와 미생물 population 분포에서 더욱 우수한 특성을 보였다. In this study, waste air containing ethanol and hydrogen sulfide, was treated by an integrated hybrid system composed of two alternatively-operating UV/photocatalytic reactor-process and biofilter processes of a biofilter system having two units with an improved design (R reactor) and a conventional biofilter (L reactor). Both a pressure drop (△p) per unit process of the integrated hybrid system and a microbe-population-distribution of each biofilter process were observed. The △p of the UV/photocatalytic reactor process turned out very negligible. The △p of the L reactor was observed to increase continuously to 4.0~5.0 mmH₂O (i.e., 5.0~6.25 mmH₂O/m). In case of R reactor, its △p showed the one below ca. 16~20% of the △p of the L reactor. Adopting such microbes-carrying biofilter media with high porosity as waste-tire crumb media, and the improved biofilter design, contributed to △p of this study, reduced by ca. 37~50% and 40~53%, respectively, from the reported △p of conventional biofilter packed with biofilter media of the mixture (50:50) of wood chip and wood bark. In addition, the △p of R reactor in this study, reduced by ca. 80% from the reported △p of conventional biofilter packed with biofilter media of the mixture (75:25) of scoria with high porosity and compost, was mainly attributed to adopting the improved biofilter design. On the other hand, in case of L reactor, the CFU counts in its lowest column was analyzed double as much as those in any other columns. However, in case of R reactor, its CFU counts were bigger by 50% than the one of L reactor and its microbes were evenly distributed at its higher and lower columns of R_dn reactor and R_up reactor. This phenomena was attributed to an even moisture distribution of 50~55% of R reactor at its higher and lower columns. Therefore, R reactor showed superb characteristics in terms of both △p and microbe-population-distribution, compared to L reactor.

Mobile Esterase on Microbe-based Co3O4 Nanocarriers

Eun-Jin JANG,Bum-Han RYU,Han-Sol JU,Doo-Hun KIM 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.4

비젼시스템을 이용한 토양미생물 관측장비 개발

김일배,홍원학,이학성,서명교,서정호 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Observation of microorganisms collected from contaminated soils has been mainly conducted by using microscopy. Microscopic measurement is occupied an important part of the microorganism experiment, and is used as an important tool to count microorganisms as well as to observe cellular form and mode of life in the field of soil microbe observation. In general, observation equipments for soil microbes consist of electron microscope, camera, frame grabber (image acquisition baud), and image analysis software. Because image analysis software should be linked with frame grabber most equipments have to be imported as the package form. Therefore, the observation system is very expensive and difficult to be operated. In this study, soil microbes' observation equipment with the vision system which is easy operated and cheaper than imported one was developed and tested. The efficiency of image capturing and data aquisition with developed frame grabber and software in this experiment was good enough to analyze the image of soil microorganism.

Synthesis of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic labeling of antibody of pathogenic microbe

성하수,김소연,최진일,이준호,김승일,박양찬 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.2

For an early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, a highly sensitive and reliable detection of a pathogenic microorganism is critical. Conventional immunodiagnostics have a limitation such as a relatively low detection sensitivity to the pathogen. Magnetic particles have been adopted to magnetic antibodies (MAbs) of the pathogen for immunomagnetic diagnostics, in which the MAbs can be detected using a magnetic detector. In this study, carboxymethyl dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (CMD-IONPs) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method through one-pot synthesis. Two types of nanomagnetic antibodies (NMAbs) were prepared via coupling the IONP with the Ab of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli or Salmonela typhimurium. A gel electrophoresis analysis of the NMAbs revealed a successful conjugation of the Abs with the CMD-IONPs. To the IONPs, Ab conjugation efficiencies of EHEC and ST were 99.98% and 92.29%, respectively. The NMAbs based on CMD-IONPs can be a feasible approach to a quantitative and rapid immunomagentic diagnosis of pathogenic microbes.

한국잔디 갈색퍼짐병 방제를 위한 선발 미생물의 길항기작 및 배양조건

김영선(Young-Sun Kim),마기윤(Ki-Yoon Ma),이긍주(Geung-Joo Lee) 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 한국잔디에 발생하는 주요 병해인 갈색퍼짐병 억제능력을 보인 3가지 길항 미생물의 길항기작과 미생물제제의 개발에 필요한 배양 조건을 밝히는 것이다. 길항미생물들의 길항작용 기작인chitinase, cellulase 및 siderophore생산능 조사에서 선발 길항미생물 모두 chitinase 활성은 없었으나, I-009균주와 FRIN-001-1균주에서 cellulase와 siderophore의 활성이 있어 진균의 외막가수분해 및 경쟁적 길항작용이 있다고 판단하였다. 그러나 YPIN-022균주는 siderophore의 생산능은 확인하였으나, chitinase와 cellulase의 생산능은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 선발 길항미생물의 실용화를 위해서는 대량 배양이 필수적이므로 배양학적 특징을 탐색하고자 배지, 온도, pH, 배양시간, 탄소원, 질소원, 무기화합물 등의 영향을 조사한 결과 세 균주 모두 LB 배지에서 생육이 가장 왕성하였다. 최적 배양 온도는 I-009와 FRIN-001-1균주는 pH 5-8범위에서 35°C와 30°C 온도로 32시간 및 28시간 배양할 때 각각 균체의 생장이 가장 높았다. Pseudomonas 속의 YPIN-022균주는 35°C 배양 온도로 pH 5-9 배지위에서 24시간 배양시킬 때 생육이 가장 높았다. 탄소원으로 1% sucrose, 질소원으로 0.5% 효모추출물, 무기화합물로 0.1% 염화칼륨을 첨가한 배지에서 I-009와 YPIN-022균주의 생육이 가장 좋았으나, FRIN-001-1균주는 탄소원으로 mannitol, 무기화합물로 인산칼륨 첨가배지에서 생육이 더 양호했다. Our previous report demonstrated successful isolation of soil-borne bacteria that suppressed the potential of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 (IV) causing turfgrass large patch disease when applied to Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica). The current study aimed to uncover the mechanisms of this antagonism of Rhizoctonia solani and to define culture conditions for the isolated microbes. We found that two Bacillus isolates, I-009 and FRIN-001-1 strains, produced cellulase and siderophore, but not chitinase, while the Pseudomonas YPIN-022 strain was found to release only siderophore, implying that three antagonistic bacteria commonly interrupt Fe uptake by the large patch pathogen. The I-009 and FRIN-001-1 isolates grew best at 35 and 30℃ in growth medium of pH 5 to 8 for 32 and 28 h, respectively, while optimum growth for the YPIN-022 strain was found at 35℃ at pH 5 to 9 for 24 h. Good growth of I-009 and YPIN-022 over 24 h was obtained in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 1% sucrose, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.1% potassium chloride. FRIN-001-1 grew well in M9 medium with 1% mannitol, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.1% potassium phosphate dibasic.

생지구화학적 광물변이작용 연구에서 전자에너지 손실 분광 분석 - 스펙트럼 영상법의 활용

양기호,박한범,김진욱 한국광물학회 2019 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.32 No.1

The oxidation states of structural Fe in minerals reflect the paleo-depositional redox conditions for the biologically or abiotically induced mineral formation. Particularly, nano-scale analysis using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is necessary to identify evidence for the microbial role in the biomineralization. HRTEM-EELS analysis of oxidation states of structural Fe and carbon bonding structure differentiate biological factors in mineralization by mapping the distribution of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and source of organic C. HRTEM-EELS technique provides geomicrobiologists with the direct nano-scale evidence of microbe-mineral interaction. 광물 구조에 분포하는 철의 산화수 정보는 유⋅무기적 퇴적광물형성 시 산화환원 조건 등 과거 퇴적 환경에 한 정보를 제공한다. 특히, 생광물화작용에서 미생물의 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 고분 해능 투과 전자현미경(HRTEM) 및 전자에너지 손실 분광기(EELS)를 활용한 나노스케일 분석이 필요 하다. HRTEM-EELS를 이용한 광물구조 내 철의 산화수 및 탄소 결합 구조 분석, Fe(II)/Fe(III) 및 탄소 기원 분포영상으로부터 광물생성의 생물학적 요소를 판별할 수 있다. 이와 같은 나노스케일 분석을 통하여 지질미생물학자들은 미생물-광물작용의 증거를 직접적으로 얻을 수 있다.

Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans과 제올라이트를 이용한 해양 내의 Zn, As 제거용 미생물 담체 개발

김인화(In Hwa Kim),최진하(Jin-Ha Choi),주정옥(Jeong Ock Joo),오병근(Byung-Keun Oh) 한국생물공학회 2015 KSBB Journal Vol.30 No.3

In this study, we have developed a microbe-carrier that combined Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and zeolite for removal of Zn and As in contaminated seawater. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, one of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) microorganism was exhibited stable growth characteristics in highly salted water and strong resistance to Zn and As contaminated seawater. Moreover, zeolites are one of the most useful carrier to remove heavy metals from wastewaters. The results showed that SRB immobilized zeolite carrier can enhance removal ratio of Zn and As. In addition, heavy metals tended to be better removed in medium at conditions of 37 °C. In case of heavy metal concentration, they were effectively removed ranging from 50 to 100 ppm. These results show that SRB-zeolite carriers hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater in marine environment.