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이원일(Won Il Lee) 영남신학대학교 2010 신학과 목회 Vol.33 No.-
The definition of spirituality in this article starts from a concept of a person's soul in comparison with intellect, emotion, and behavior. This article assumes every person has a soul from birth to death even though it is not cultivated by some education and motivation. Each person's soul could be cultivated by some education, and cultivated soul or educated soul is called as a spirituality. Therefore there are many forms of spirituality, and every religion has a spirituality of it's own. Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism have their own spirituality as well as Christianity's spirituality. And Christianity's spirituality is different with each denomination's faith and creed. Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant have a spirituality in harmony with their own faith and creed. Among them, Protestant's emphasis is a spirituality of faith on the Word and crucified Christ. Until now, the Protestant's spirituality has been expressed at a particular place and time in the Church and retreat center. This article want to say the necessity of a spirituality in everyday life beyond the limited time and place in traditional perspective. A spirituality of everyday life means characteristics of the soul which are recognizing and discriminating Christ in the everyday life. Jesus's spirituality and early Christian's spirituality was a spirituality of everyday life, but middle age's spirituality was changed to a spirituality of “fuga mundi"(escape from the world). Since the Reformation and Vatican Council Ⅱ, spirituality resumed emphasizing an everyday life and laity as God's people. The theological foundation of spirituality in everyday life is focused on creation, incarnation, and the Spirit. The refrain of the creation story in Genesis is “and it was good" which is a foundational truth of the spiritual life. Incarnation breaks down a separation between the sacred and the profane as opposing realities. Incarnation makes holy every cubic inch of reality from quarks to human beings, cosmos, and world. The spiritual life is about knowing and loving God. This loving knowledge of God in Christ is made possible by the Holy Spirit as a revelation's Spirit. The Spirit enables us not only to know God but to respond to God's will toward Christian's sanctification. By these theological foundations, Christian adults as laity can live everyday life with spirituality. For spirituality in everyday life of Christian adults, this article suggests the following five contents. The first, a concept of authenticity is important to understand a spiritual life. Authenticity is related with understanding one's death by Heidegger's expression in his “Sein und Zeit." Heidegger says that an ordinary person could resume an authenticity by recognizing one's death in here and now not anytime and anyplace. Christian adults could live with spirituality by taking consiousness to one's death and the second coming of Christ in here and now. The second, work can be a place in which I discover myself as well as prove myself. We often fail to see that the challenges, trials, and joys of work are part of the essence of the spiritual life. Nor can we afford any longer to limit the spiritual life to private prayer, retreats, or church on Sunday. Spending oneself to make a good product, dealing honestly with humiliation, or taking risks to be truthful, this is the very stuff of the spiritual life. The Third, in the 21st century adult Christians live in a digital everyday life. The internet, cellular phone, and many things of digital media can be used for a formation of spirituality in everyday life by connecting with story. Connecting digital media and story gives the opportunity for spiritual life through a mentoring community formed by cyber family. Owing to anonymity in digital media, adult Christians can easily communicate with true opinions and understand a truth and a solution to the conflict by self-directed learning. The fourth, many adult Christians live daily in crises o
영성신학의 새로운 지평; 아타나시우스의 영성과 성결교회의 영성
황덕형 ( Duk Hyung Hwang ) 서울신학대학교 기독교신학연구소 2014 神學과 宣敎 Vol.44 No.-
A modern understanding of christian Spirituality is closely related with requirement that the meaning of christian spiritual experience should be redefined anew in and among the secular dimensions of our life. That includes the great self awareness of 21th century religion that the real meaning and, so, the reality of the Holy Spirit is to be actualized in our life-forms, overcoming an obstacle of past mistakes. But this movement has both sides, recommendable good and also refutable wrong; the wrong divinization of special form of spiritual life must be corrected and practical relevance of spiritual dimension with our normal secular life should be restored. But we must also be very careful wheather we allow us to identify core spiritual phenomena of 21th century, namely secularization of religion, with the openness of christian Spirituality. Through the history of western church we can find there are two different types of spiritual understanding; down to up model and top down model. First type of spirituality, for which Clement and Origen and lastly Pesudo-Dionysius Areopagita are representatives, consists in a upstairs spiritual movement of human consciousness: purification-illumination-reunion. Second type of christian spirituality can be said as a eschatological-incarnation model, of which Athanasius is called as the exemplar. The real criterium of christian spiritual understanding, which endeavor to be similar with the biblical understanding of spirituality, can be articulated in following question, whether the name Jesus Christ is revealed as the real foundation of life. We can be sure that in Bible the eschatological movement of the Holy Spirit is closely related with the christological accentuation. And also we can ascertain that the spiritual formation of Athanasius, which can be understood as “through otherness oriented inclusiveness”, forms one of the exemplar of whole christian Church history. And the last proposition here submitted is that the sprituality of Athanasius can be compared with the idea of “christian Perfection” of John Wesley.
Missional Spirituality in the 21st Century Post-Pandemic Era
김다니엘 아신대학교 ACTS 신학연구소 2022 ACTS 신학저널 Vol.53 No.-
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the topic of Christian spirituality in anticipation of the church’s missional engagement in the 21st century post-pandemic era. The missional church movement has already provided a new innovative paradigm (in terms of concept, theory, and praxis) for mission since the turn of the 21st century. However, the topic of spirituality has not been a widely discussed in the mission circles in general. The aim of this thesis, then, is to make a contribution in this area of missional spirituality by presenting an overview of the key topics and contemporary issues related to Christian spirituality, particularly in relation to the missional church movement. In this thesis, we begin with the broad paradigm of missional church, followed by a working definition of spirituality. Next, some key topics related to missional spirituality will be discussed as follows: supernatural worldview, spiritual experience, spiritual call, spiritual gifts, healing/restoration, spiritual warfare, spiritual discernment, and spiritual life in general. Then, the relevance of Christian spirituality in the contemporary global context will be discussed as follows: secular society, religious pluralism, globalization, technologism, indigenous cultural movement, work/vocation, and global crises (including the coronavirus pandemic). Finally, the missionalincarnational model of Christian spirituality will be presented as the premier solution for the spiritual issues and problems the churches will likely encounter in their missional endeavors in the post-pandemic era.
김신명 한국실천신학회 2025 신학과 실천 Vol.- No.93
본 연구는 다문화 사회가 직면한 혐오와 차별의 문제를 기독교 영성의 관점에서 어떻게 극복할 수 있는지를 탐구한다. 특히 ‘문화 반응적 영성형성(Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation)’ 개념을 중심으로, 각 개인의 문화적 정체성과 경험을 존중하며, 상호주체성 및 성육신적 환대를 통해 타자와 공감하는 구체적인 실천 방안을 제시한다. 연구는 먼저 혐오의 인지적 구조와 사회적 영향력을 검토하고, 이를 극복하기 위한 문화 반응적 영성형성의 철학적·신학적 배경을 살펴본다. 철학적 측면에서는 상호주체성과 무조건적 환대 개념을 통해, 타자가 객체가 아닌 동등한 주체임을 인정하는 중요성을 강조한다. 신학적 측면에서는 삼위일체적 관계의 역동성, 하나님의 형상론, 그리고 성육신적 환대를 바탕으로, 문화 간 충돌과 혐오를 넘어서는 기독교 영성의 가능성을 논의한다. 나아가 실천적 차원에서 문화 반응적 영성형성이 학습자의 문화적 배경을 존중하고 편견을 성찰하도록 하는 구체적인 교육 전략이 될 수 있음을 보인다. 기독교 영성이 혐오와 차별을 극복하고, 다문화적 공존을 위한 토대를 마련하는 데 어떻게 기여할 수 있는지를 탐구하고자 한다. 구체적으로, 문화 반응적 영성 형성(Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation)의 개념을 통해 다문화 사회에서 기독교 영성이 어떤 역할을 할 수 있는지를 분석한다. 문화 반응적 영성 형성은 각 개인의 문화적 정체성을 존중하고, 이를 바탕으로 타자와의 공감을 통해 새로운 형태의 영적 성장과 사회적 연대를 이루는 것을 목표로 한다. 영성에 대한 문화 반응적 접근은 다양한 문화적 배경을 존중하고 상호 이해를 증진시킴으로써 혐오를 줄일 수 있다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 다문화 사회에서 기독교 영성이 교리적 차원을 넘어 사회적 책임과 연대를 강화하는 실천적 동력이 될 수 있음을 제안한다. 이를 통해 혐오와 차별이 확산되는 분열된 현실 속에서 모든 사람을 하나님의 형상으로 존중하고, 성육신적 환대와 공감을 실천하며, 공동체적 연대를 이루는 길을 모색하고자 한다. 특히, 타문화에 대한 이해와 환대를 강조하는 상호주체성, 성육신적 환대, 그리고 삼위일체적 관계의 모범을 통해, 기독교 영성이 어떻게 타자와의 공존을 이루고 혐오와 차별을 극복하는 데 기여할 수 있는지 논의하도록 하겠다. 이를 통해, 다문화적 맥락 속에서 기독교 영성 교육이 단순한 종교적 활동을 넘어, 사회적 연대와 책임을 강화하는 중요한 도구로 작용할 수 있음을 밝히고자 한다. This study explores how to overcome the problems of hatred and discrimination faced by multicultural societies from the perspective of Christian spirituality. Focusing in particular on the concept of “Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation,” it presents concrete practical measures that respect each individual’s cultural identity and experience, and foster empathy with the other through intersubjectivity and incarnational hospitality. First, the study examines the cognitive structure of hatred and its social impact, and then looks into the philosophical and theological backgrounds of Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation as a way to overcome these challenges. Philosophically, it emphasizes the importance of recognizing the other as an equal subject rather than an object, through the concepts of intersubjectivity and unconditional hospitality. Theologically, it discusses the possibilities of a Christian spirituality that transcends cultural conflicts and hatred, grounded in the dynamic relationality of the Trinity, the doctrine of the imago Dei, and incarnational hospitality. Furthermore, on a practical level, the study shows that Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation can serve as a concrete educational strategy that respects learners’ cultural backgrounds and encourages reflection on biases. The goal is to investigate how Christian spirituality can help overcome hatred and discrimination and lay a foundation for multicultural coexistence. Specifically, it analyzes the role Christian spirituality can play in a multicultural society through the concept of Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation. Culturally Responsive Spiritual Formation aims to respect each person’s cultural identity and, on that basis, foster new forms of spiritual growth and social solidarity through empathy for others. A culturally adaptive approach to spirituality can reduce hatred by respecting diverse cultural backgrounds and promoting mutual understanding. In conclusion, this study proposes that Christian spirituality, in a multicultural society, can serve as a practical driving force that goes beyond doctrinal dimensions to strengthen social responsibility and solidarity. In doing so, amid a fragmented reality marked by the spread of hatred and discrimination, it seeks ways to respect all people as bearers of God’s image, practice incarnational hospitality and empathy, and forge communal solidarity. In particular, by emphasizing intersubjectivity, incarnational hospitality, and the example of Trinitarian relationships that stress understanding and welcoming of other cultures, the study discusses how Christian spirituality can contribute to achieving coexistence with the other and overcoming hatred and discrimination.
영성과 성性의 통합: 유심론와 성차별주의의 이원론을 넘어 —몸Body, 성별Gender, 성Sexuality에 관한 여성주의자들의 관점을 중심으로
오광철 서울신학대학교 기독교신학연구소 2011 神學과 宣敎 Vol.39 No.-
In Western Christian history sexuality and spirituality have commonly been thought to be antagonistic. This negative view on between the two has been based on deep dualisms of spiritualism and sexism. Both women and the body have been considered as inferior and in need of control by the soul. The problem is further exacerbated by the Christian association of the body, sexuality and women with sin. This association of woman with the body, sexuality and sin became a negative tool to invalidate the reconciliation between sexuality and spirituality. Accordingly, this paper deals with this issue in an effort to deconstruct the Christian dualisms of spiritualism and sexism and at the same time to construct a healthy view of human sexuality in relationship to spirituality. A positive valuation of female embodiment is a central theme of feminist reconstructive theory, both through a positive identification with female bodily experience and through resistance against the patriarchal identification of woman with body and matter. Contemporary theological anthropologies emphasize integral theories of embodiment rooted in the Christian doctrines of incarnation. The incarnation suggests that our bodies need to experience a psychosomatic unity, rather than a feeling of alienation from our bodies. At the same time, it suggests that we utilize our bodies in our worship and devotional practices, in which we nurture emotional capacity in order to better love God and others. Through the understanding of Incarnation and embodiment, we recognize that sexuality and spirituality are not separate realities or expressions of higher and lower realms, but rather that they are two mutually enriching aspects of whole person. Human sexuality as a sacramental action represents the most intimate relationship, which serves as a means for union with others, that is, humans and God. Finally, spirituality cannot be distinguishable from sexuality, as the body is inseparable from the spirit. Thus, human sexuality is a locus of spirituality. 서양기독교 역사에 있어서 영성과 성(性)은 적대적인 관계로 일반적으로 여겨져 왔다. 이러한 둘 사이의 부정적인 견해는 유심론과 성차별주의의 깊은 이원론에 기초한다. 이러한 이원론은 다음과 같은 기독교 고전적인 개념들에서 보여진다: 몸은 열등하며 영혼에 의해 조절될 필요가 있고, 남성은 이성적인 영혼의 기능과 결합되어 있고, 반면에 여성은 몸과 결합되어 있다. 더욱 큰 문제는 기독교 전통에 있어서 몸과 성(性), 그리고 여성은 죄와 연결되어 있다는 점이다. 이러한 결합은 성적으로 이용당하고 있는 사람들과 불필요한 죄의식에 시달리는 사람들을 억압하는 기제로 작용해 왔다. 동시에 이는 영성과 성(性) 사이의 화해와 상호 인정의 가능성들을 무효화하는 데 작용해 왔다. 따라서 이 소논문은 기독교 유심론과 성차별주의의 뿌리 깊은 이원론을 해체하려는 움직임에 관련한 이슈들을 다루며, 동시에 더 나아가 영성과 관련한 인간 성(性)의 건강한 관점을 재구성하려는 목적이 있다. 페미니스트의 구성주의 이론의 핵심주제는 여성의 몸(體現; Embodiment)에 대한 긍정적인 가치부여이다. 이 가치부여는 여성의 몸의 체험에 대한 긍정적인 의미부여를 통해, 그리고 여성을 몸과 물질과 연관시키는 가부장적 가치관에 대한 저항을 통해, 그리고 마지막으로 죄를 성(性)과 여성에 관련지우지 않는 방식을 통해서이다. 현대의 신학적 경향들은 기독교의 성육신 교리에 바탕을 둔 체현(體現)의 통합적인 이론들을 강조한다. 성육신에 대한 깊이 있는 성찰은 체현된 존재인 인간 본성에 대해 의미들을 제공하는데 그것은 완전한 인간으로서 체현을 경험한 예수를 주의 깊게 바라볼 때 나오는 것이다. 따라서 성육신은 인간의 영적인 부분과 육체적인 부분 모두에게서 인간 본성의 선함을 말해주는 혁신적인 논증이 된다. 성육신은 우리 인간 몸이 정신 육체적인 통합을 경험해야 함을 말하며, 하나님과 다른 이들을 더욱 사랑하게 하는 감성적인 수용의 통로로 사용되며, 예배와 헌신의 훈련들에 사용되어질 수 있음을 지시해 준다. 결국, 몸과 성(性)과 영성은 서로 적대적인 관계가 아니라, 오히려 상보적인 관계이며, 서로 의존하고 있고, 서로 분리할 수 없다. 인간의 성(性)은 다른 사람과의 하나 됨의 수단으로서 작용하며, 가장 밀접한 친밀한 관계를 말하며, 하나님으로부터 분리될 수 없는 것이다. 영성은 성(性)과 분리될 수 없다. 이것은 마치 우리의 몸이 우리의 정신과 분리될 수 없는 것과 마찬가지이다. 인간 성(性)은 영성이 거하는 자리이다.
이강학 한국교회사회사업학회 2010 교회와 사회복지 Vol.13 No.-
본 논문은 한국 기독교의 영성운동과 사회봉사의 관계를 고찰하였다. 먼저, 기독교 영성이 무엇인지 알아보았다. 기독교 영성학자 샌드라 쉬나이더스(Sandra Schneiders)의 영성의 정의를 바탕으로 기독교 영성이 무엇인가를 자세히 살펴보았다. 다음으로, 위에서 살펴본 정의를 바탕으로 기독교 영성이 사회봉사와 어떤 관계가 있는지를 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 한국기독교 영성과 사회봉사의 관계를 보여주는 대표적인 두 가지 운동 즉, 귀일원과 다일공동체를, 그 출발점과 사회봉사의 관계, 영성훈련의 특징이라는 측면에서 고찰하였다. 결론적으로, 두 운동 모두 예수를 사랑하고 예수를 따르려는 것이 모든 활동의 동기였으며, 특히 사회봉사활동은 그 동기에서 나오는 자연스러운 영성훈련이었다. This paper studies the relationship between Korean Christian spirituality and social service. First, it deals with the definition of Christian spirituality. Using the definition of spirituality by Sandra Schneiders, this paper explores various aspects of Christian spirituality. Second, based on the definition, it develops how Christian spirituality relates to social service. Finally, this paper explores two representative Christian spiritual movements, Guiilwon and Dail Community, focusing on its beginning, its perspective on social service, and spiritual practices. In sum, for both movements, the motivations are to love and follow Jesus Christ and all their activities including social service have been naturally flowed from those motivations.
윤남옥 한국효학회 2008 효학연구 Vol.0 No.7
효는 하나님이 만드신 형상 가운데 만들어진 도덕성이다하나님은 그리스도를 통해 화육적 영성으로서 부자관계를 보여주셨고 화육의 성전에 동거하셨다아버지가 자녀를 통하여 자신의 성품을 나타낸 사건이 성경적 효의 근거이며성경적 효는 나아가 아버지가 내 안에나를 통하여 아버지의 뜻이 드러나도록 하는 것이다부모는 자신을 통하여 자신의 자녀들이 하나님과 만나는 인도자인 것이다성경적 효는 생명의 길축복의 길지혜의 길자유의 길이며 살아있는 교육이다. Hyo is a morality of creature that is made by God. God has showed us the spirituality of incarnation through Christ who makes relationship of father and son to God, lived together in the church of incarnation. The foundation of biblical hyo is the incarnation that father shows his true nature through his son, so the meaning of biblical hyo is revelation of God's will through myself inviting God, the Father. Parents guide their children to meet God. Therefore the biblical hyo is the way of life, blessing, wisdom, free and living education.
Bernard’s Kiss Symbolism: The Mystery of the Incarnation and Christian Spirituality
이종태 한국기독교학회 2018 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.109 No.-
This paper investigates the spirituality of St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) revealed in his kiss symbolism in the Sermons of the Song of Songs, contending that the saints’s kiss symbolism demonstrates how Eros– motif is subsumed within Agape–motif in his spirituality as he understands Christian spirituality as participation in the mystery of the Incarnation. For Bernard, it is the mystery of the Incarnation which is the source of all his spiritual experiences. The Incarnation is an ecstatic reality (“the Kiss”) which serves as the model or the source of our ecstasy (“kissed with the Kiss”).
김은혜(Un Hey Kim) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2014 선교와 신학 Vol.33 No.-
본 논문은 21세기 포스트모더니즘의 문화현상과 함께 떠오르는 종교의 새로운 재부흥과 현대인들의 영적인 갈망에 대한 신학적 분석과 그에 대한 신학적 응답으로서 기독교 인간주의를 성찰하고자 한다. 기독교 인간주의는 근대 이후 각각의 길을 걸어간 신앙과 이성 그리고 인간성과 신성의 관계를 다시 재정립하는 신학적 관점으로, 교회가 세상과 인류를 향해 영성적 비전과 보편적 문화윤리의 방향과 가치를 제시할 수 있기 때문이다. 이러한 21세기 문화의 특수한 현상으로 새롭게 부상하는 영적이고 종교적이며 문화적 변화에 대한 기독교의 응답과 신학적 재구성은 향후 한국교회의 선교적 방향을 위해서도 중대한 이론적 토대가 될 것이다. 더 나아가 기독교 인간주의의 재정립은 하나님 형상으로서의 인간존엄성을 진정으로 회복하기 위해 성육신적 인간주의를 성찰함으로써, 점점 비인간화되어 가는 사회의 제문제를 근본적으로 분석하고 세상과 교회의 고립과 불통을 넘어 변화에 책임적으로 응답하는 사랑과 연대의 보편적 기독교 문화윤리를 제시할 것이다. 또한 특수한 한국적 상황에서 무엇보다 문화와 적극적으로 소통하지 못하는 한국교회가 그리스도의 사랑으로 육화되어 세상을 품고 나아갈 수 있는 길을 모색할 것이다. In this paper, I will develop the implications and meanings of Christian Humanism in our time, which is a post modern era responding to a unique cultural phenomenon of seeking the spirituality beyond institutionalized religions and doctrines of churches. In the recent time, many people, especially the young generation, say that they are not religious but spiritual. Even though the number of Korean protestant church goers have decreased rapidly and have been isolated from the society, people are longing for the spiritual experience regardless of if they are believers or not. In this background, I will study Christian Humanism by analyzing and reflecting on the renewal of religion theologically and culturally. This paper will also discuss the essential themes of the tradition of Christian Humanism in the historical scope. The lesson of the historical reflection on Christian humanism is that the classical faith confessed by Christians in each generation implies a strong and caring interest in human beings. The entire redemptive work of God both in people and church is to be perceived as enhancing and enriching human life on this earth. In the conclusion, I will suggest Incarnational Humanism as a new Christian Humanism that is able to respond with accountability to the new concern of spirituality and the renewal of religion in our time, since it is able to construct universal values of cultural ethics for the future of humanity.