원외탕전 형태에 영향을 미치는 한의원의 특성 - 「2021 한약소비실태조사」를 중심으로

김현민,이지현,박유선,김종현,안은지,홍봉희,김동수 대한예방한의학회 2022 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Objectives : This study was conducted to prepare basic data for improving the system related to Extramural herbal dispensaries by analyzing the characteristic factors of Korean medicine clinics that affect the type of Extramural herbal dispensaries. Methods : This study utilized ‘2021 Korean Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey’, with 1,817 final participants. We performed ANOVA to compare the characteristics of Korean medicine clinics according to the type of extramural herbal dispensary. Multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze characteristics of Korean medicine clinics affecting the form of extramural dispensaries. Results : Among Korean medicine clinics, 71.22% of the institutions used only the intraherbal dispensaries, 11.12% of the institutions used the Extramural herbal dispensaries in parallel, and 17.67% of the institutions used only the Extramural herbal dispensaries. The characteristics of Korean medicine clinics that increased the probability of concurrently using extramural herbal dispensaries were institution area, bed presence or absence, number of regular workers, region, number of prescriptions for insurance herbal medicines, and number of prescriptions for uninsured herbal medicines. The characteristics of Korean medicine clinics, which increase the probability of using only extramural herbal dispensaries, were age, durations of clinical experience, specialist license, franchise, area, bed presence or absence, number of regular workers, number of prescriptions for uninsured herbal medicines, and price of treatment for diseases. Conclusion : The reason why Korean medicine clinics use extramural herbal dispensaries is the result of a combination of efficient use of clinic size and the preparation of uninsured herbal medicines.

수도권 지역 초등학생의 건강기능식품 및 한약 복용 실태에 대한 연구

김미기,정지호,신권성,이동엽,이해자,박은정,Kim, Mi-Ki,Jung, Ji-Ho,Shin, Kwon-Sung,Lee, John Dong-Yeop,Lee, Hai-Ja,Park, Eun-Jung 대한한방소아과학회 2010 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives The purpose of this study is to get the basic information about the actual amount of consumption of the Health supplements and Herbal Medicines. Also, we investigated the consumption differences according to the regions. Methods 500 questionnaires were handed out to parents of elementary students in O O, Gyeonggi-do province, and 331 questionnaires were collected and evaluated for this study. Results Among the 331 students, 58.4% were female, and 41.6% were male. The percentages of the subjects consuming health supplements and herbal medicines were 67.4% and 59.2% respectively. The maximum period of taking the health supplements were from 1 month to 6 month (49.5%), and the maximum period of taking the herbal medicine was within one month (55.6%). The total cost of the health supplements was less than 100,000won (43.7%), which was the most common while herbal medicine cost was between 100,000won and 200,000won (40.6%). The most common age of consuming the health supplements and herbal medicine for the first time was six to ten years old (47.3%); the case of herbal medicine was one to six years old (64.0%). Most of people purchased health supplements from pharmacy (48.0%), and purchased the herbal medicine from the oriental medical clinic (61.8%). Among those people who purchased health supplements, they bought nutritional supplements (82.8%), red ginseng or ginseng products (43.4%), plum extract products (10.9%), and chlorella products (6.8%). The reason for consuming health supplements was to be healthier even though there is no ongoing illness (47.1%), which was the most common reason. The reason for consuming herbal medicine was to cure weakness (39.3%). For the responses about effectiveness after taking medications, people thought herbal medicine seemed to be more effective compare to health supplements (72.3%, 63% respectively). Only 1.4% of the subjects consuming the health supplements showed adverse effects while herbal medicine showed 4.6%. The most common adverse effects were 'general reaction' caused by the health supplements and dermatologic problems caused by the herbal medications. Conclusions Among 331 subjects, the percentage of consuming the health supplements (67.4%) was higher than the Herbal Medicine (59.2%). The total consuming cost of the herbal medications was higher than general health supplements. Also, the maximum period of consuming the health supplements was longer than herbal medications. Therefore, it is shown that herbal medications have no price competitiveness compare to health supplements. The age of using the herbal medicine for the first time was younger than the health supplements. Even though many people can purchase both health supplements and herbal medication from pharmacies and local oriental medical clinic, it is also shown that some people thought that the health supplements should be purchased from oriental medical hospital (13.9%). The most commonly taken forms of the health supplement was nutrition-supplying products, and the second common health supplements were ginseng and red ginseng. The health supplements were commonly consumed for preventing illness and for maintaining healthy life rather than for cure diseases. On the other hand, the herbal medicine was more commonly consumed to be taller or to treat diseases. More than half of the entire people replied as 'satisfied' for their purchase. Some adverse effects and general reaction were common with the subjects consuming health supplements while dermatological adverse reaction was common with the subjects consuming herbal medications.

수도권 지역 초등학생 학부모의 한약 및 건강기능식품의 인식 실태에 대한 연구

김미기,정지호,민들레,이해자,박은정,Kim, Mi-Ki,Jung, Ji-Ho,Min, Deul-Le,Lee, Hai-Ja,Park, Eun-Jung 대한한방소아과학회 2011 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the different preferences between herbal medicine and health functional food, and analyze the reasons for the preferences to figure out the better way of promoting herbal medicine. Methods: 500 questionnaires has been handed out to the parents having elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do province, and 331 questionnaires has been collected and evaluated for this study. Results: Among the 331 responses, 58.4% were female, and 41.6% were male. The percentages of the subjects who consume health supplements and that of herbal medicines were 67.4% and 59.2% respectively. The preference rate for the health supplements was 57.6%, and for herbal medicines was 42.4%. The major reason of taking the health supplements was that they were convenient to consume(54%). The major reason for choosing herbal medicines was that people 'expect them to be more effective'(72.7%). However, the problem with Herbal medicine was their consumptions were inconvenient (39.8%), and their tastes was unfavorable. The most preferable form of herbal medication was pills(50.6%), followed by syrup(22.9%). Pertinent price for herbal medication, the participants were favorable to pay 30,000 within a week. For the question on when to start taking the herbal medication, 18 months after was the popular answers from the participants. Conclusions: Among the 331 subjects, the percentage of consuming the health supplements (67.4%) was higher than that of consuming the Herbal Medicine (59.2%). Also the preference was higher than the Herbal Medicine. The reason why the participant preferred health supplements was that they were 'easy to take', The reason for subjects' great preference in herbal medicine was based on their conception that herbal medicines were highly effective. When taking herbal medicine, participants addressed inconvenience in consuming, and unfavorable taste as the biggest problems. Also they thought that pills would be most convenient form of herbal medicine to consume. For the proper price, they were willing to pay less than 30000won, lower than a market price, per a week for the herbal medicine. Most parents thought that proper age of taking herbal medicine is ' 18 month after the birth'. Taking these into account, different perspectives on herbal medicine is necessary at the very moment.

가정환경에 따른 초등학생의 한약 이용 실태에 관한 연구

안영준,박태숙 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

Background and Objectives: Actually, traditional herbal medicine may be overused in Korea. Expenditures of hospital cost & distrusts of scientific medicine are increasing gradually. So we surveyed the states of herbal medicine use according to home conditions among elementary school pupils. Materials and Methods: We interviewed pupils of three elementary schools in Gwangju with survey papers from 1st to 31th on May in 2007. We analyzed 905 returned surveys. Results: The number of pupils who have taken herbal medicines since birth was 590 (65.2 percent). The rate of herbal medicine use in male and in female was 68.9 percent, 62.0 percent and in apartment house and in western house was 72.9 percent, 60.3 percent, respectively. The rate of herbal medicine use in male and in apartment house was significant. The rate of herbal medicine use in above 1 million income was 68.8 percent and was higher significantly than in below 1 million income. There was no significant in the rate of herbal medicine use according to the religion of their parents. The rate herbal medicine use in graduated degree of their mother was 69.0 percent and was significant. The common reasons of herbal medicine use were looking weak without disease, for health promotion, frequent illnesses, orderly. Most of their parents thought about herbal medicine use positively (73.9 percent). Conclusion: The rate of herbal medicine use in elementary pupils was high. The rate of herbal medicine use was higher significantly in male, in apartment house, in above 1 million income & in graduated degree of mother. Their thoughts about herbal medicine use were positive, but may be a chance to distort western medicine.

초등학생의 건강기능식품 및 한약 복용 실태에 대한 연구

김미기,정지호,안재선,임정훈,안민섭,박진수,이해자,박은정,Kim, Mi-Ki,Jung, Ji-Ho,Ahn, Jae-Sun,Yim, Jung-Hoon,An, Min-Seop,Park, Jin-Su,Lee, Hai-Ja,Park, Eun-Jung 대한한방소아과학회 2009 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Objectives The purpose of this study is to get the basic information from patients how much they understood about their medication and also to know whether patients are making reasonable drug choice between Health Functional Foods and Herbal medicine. Methods 500 questionnaires were handed out to the parents of students in two elementary schools located in OO, Junlabukdo province. 421 questionnaires were completed to be evaluated. Results Among 421 subjects, 53.0% were female, and 47.0% were male. The percentages of the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine were67.7% and 67.8%, respectively. Among those people who consumed Health Functional Food, 44.1% were using nutritional supplements, red ginseng or ginseng products (26.9%), chlorella products (11.5%), and plum extract products (7.7%). As for the reason to consume Health Functional Foods were varied, but 'in order to be healthy, although currently displaying no illness.'(43.0%) were the most responses among the given choices. On the other hand, the reason for consuming herbal medicine was 'In order to grow taller'(26.1%), 'In order to cure weak physical state frequently displaying common illnesses',(25.9%), and 'In order to cure diseases.'(23.3%). For the questions about effectiveness after consumption,the 69.9% subjects said that it seemed to be effected, and that % was slightly higher than that of subjects with consuming Health Functional Foods(64.4%). For question concerning preferences between Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine, 57.5% chose herbal medicine, and this percentage was higher than that of Health Functional Foods(42.5%).As for the reasons of additional consumption of the Health Functional Foods, subject answered as 'Easy to consume.'(41,6%), which was the most common among the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods. On other hand, the subjects of herbal medicine answered as that herbal medicine is 'more effective'(45.7%), and 'more trustworthy in preventing side-effects.'(40.3%). After consumption of the herbal medication, only 3.9% of the subjects consuming either Health Functional Foods or herbal medicine had side-effects. The most common side-effects were 'dermal reaction' which is normally caused by Health Functional Foods and 'indigestion' problems caused by herbal consumption. Conclusions According to the 421 subjects those involved in study, the percentages of consuming Health Functional Foods(67.7%) and herbal medicine(67.8%) were similar. The most commonly consumed products were a type of Health Functional Foods which were the nutrition-supplying products. Ginseng or red ginseng products were the next commonly used products. Health Functional Foods were commonly consumed for preventing illness and maintaining health rather than any other purpose. In contrary, herbal medicines were more commonly consumed for purposes such as for growth or treating certain type of disease. As a result of consumption, more than half of both subject replied as 'satisfied'. As for the side effects, dermal reaction was the most common problem for those with consuming Health Functional Foods, while indigestion was the most common side effect from the subjects with consuming herbal medicine.

지난 40년간 한국 제약산업에서 한약제제 생산 현황 연구

신현규,김호범,김성용 대한한의학회 2025 대한한의학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and analyze long-term trends in the production of traditional herbal medicine products within the Korean pharmaceutical industry. The findings are intended to provide foundational data for policy development to revitalize the herbal medicine market. Methods: Production and market data for traditional herbal medicine products in the Korean pharmaceutical industry over the past 40 years (1980–2020) were collected and analyzed. The primary data source, obtained from the official "Production Performance Table of Pharmaceutical Products, etc." (Excel electronic data), was analyzed using Tableau software. Results: The total production value of traditional herbal medicine products in Korea reached 360.8 billion KRW in 2023. Of this, the four herbal medicine products—Woohwangchungsim-won, Kyeongok-go, Gongjin-dan, and Ssanghwa-tang—accounted for 197.9 billion KRW (54.8%). Insurance-covered single (67 types) and mixed (42 types) herbal extracts contributed 49.8 billion KRW (13.8%), while other herbal medicine products comprised 113.1 billion KRW (31.3%). Over the past four decades, the herbal medicine industry and its product indicators have remained largely stagnant without significant growth. However, there has been an increase in the production of insurance-covered herbal medicine products and a noticeable shift in preferred dosage forms from dried extracts to soft extracts. Currently, the market is dominated by the aforementioned four herbal medicine products. Conclusions: Despite remarkable advances in the Korean pharmaceutical industry overall, the traditional herbal medicine sector has remained stagnant. The market size has lingered below 400 billion KRW for an extended period, and a few specific herbal medicines account for more than half of total sales. The complexity of professional roles and detailed pharmaceutical classifications has led to excessive social costs associated with herbal medicine-based pharmaceuticals. Without innovative institutional reforms, the prospects of the herbal pharmaceutical industry and market remain uncertain.

식약공용 한약재의 관리 방안에 관한 연구

권기태 ( Kee Tae Kweon ) 대한본초학회 2012 대한본초학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Objectives:This article reviews a solution preventing the illegal distribution of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine and risks on public health by conducting safety management of food and medicine. Also, this article would like to contribute to improvement of public health treating diseases in compliance with accurate diagnosis and prescription of Oriental Medicine Doctor(OMD)`s. Methods:An approach in this research can be categorized into two : first, to examine the current administrative situation and problems of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine based on policy documents of Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Food and Drug Adminstration(KFDA) and academic articles of the herbal medicine;second, to find reasonable administrative solutions to solve the problems. Solutions:A solution is to strengthen the management level of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine by selecting 117 items as target items requiring concentrated management. In case herbal medicine is imported for food, KFDA strengthens the quality management level of herbal medicine by making use of inspection frequency at random, collecting and verifying herbal medicine on the market. However, KFDA decides to maintain current different quality specification system of food and medicine reflecting a civil complaint that quality specification of food and medicine should separately managed according to the purpose of use. Herbal medicine as medicine that is functioned as treating diseases and alleviating symptoms, unlike herbal medicine for food, can cure all kinds of diseases by recovering inner balance of human body, making use of other properties of herbal medicine. Medicine has its own properties. If a doctor uses properties of medicine appropriately, he cures diseases. If a doctor uses herbal medicine inappropriately, he may damage human body, Thus, whether side effects of medicine depend on a doctor who uses herbal medicine, Conclusions:All herbal medicine will be supplied into the market after strict safety control of manufacturers of herbal medicine according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, beginning in April, 2012. Thus, people can take safer and more reliable herbal medicine through strengthening safety management of herbal medicine and improving quality and transparency in the distribution system. Herbal medicine should appropriately be prescribed by licensed OMD because herbal medicine is used to treat diseases and alleviate symptoms, unlike herbal medicine for food.

전통지식으로서의 한의약 지식의 전승 현황과 무형유산적 가치 -서울시 동대문구 약령시장의 한약업사와 한약재상을 중심으로-

김태우 국립무형유산원 2023 무형유산 Vol.- No.15

이 연구에서는 서울시 동대문구 약령시장을 중심으로 전통지식의 하나인 한의약(韓醫藥)에 관한 지식과 기술을 전승하고 활용하고 있는 전승자들의 현황과 전승 실태에 대해 알아보고 그 무형유산적 가치를 밝혀 보았다. 먼저, 전통지식으로서 한의약 지식이란 한의학이라는 학문을 포함하여 전통적으로 내려오는 모든 한방 의료 행위 및 한약 관련 지식과 기술이라고 정의하였다. 이러한 한의약 지식을 습득하고 전승, 활용하는 주요 담당자들은 한의사와 한약사, 한약업사, 한약 도소매상과 약초꾼 등이 있는데 이 중에 한의사와 한약사는 각각 의료법과 약사법에 의해 한의원과 한약국을 운영하며 공식적인 지위를 보장받고 있다. 한편 한약업사는 약사법에 의해 한약방을 운영할 수 있지만 1983년 이후로 한약업사 자격증 시험이 중단되면서 더 이상의 인력 충원이 되고 있지 않다. 또한 한약 도소매상에는 약사법에 의해 설치된 약업사가 있고 일반 도매상, 그리고 약초상 등이 있다. 다음으로, 현재 서울 약령시장에는 한약업 관련 점포가 1,000여 개에 이르는데 이 중에 한약방은 40여 곳이 운영 중에 있으며 한약재상이 운영하는 도매상은 140~150여 곳 정도가 운영되고 있다. 한약방은 1983년 이후 중단된 한약업사 자격 시험으로 인해 더 이상의 한약업사가 배출되지 않은 상황에서 고령화되고 경영난이 심해지고 있어서 점차 줄어들고 있다. 반면에 약업사와 한약 도매상은 상대적으로 늘어나는 추세이지만 현재 한약업이 침체되어 있고 약재상 대표들이 대부분 고령으로 점차 그 수가 줄어들 것으로 예상된다. 다음으로, 서울 약령시장에서 한약방을 운영하고 있는 한약업사들 중에는 4~5대째 한의약 관련 일을 하고 있는 경우가 다수 있으며 집안 대대로 내려오는 비방책, 즉 경험방이 전승되고 있다. 이곳에서 한약재상을 하고 있는 이들도 한약재 분야에 40~50년 정도에 종사하며 상당한 약재 지식을 쌓은 이들이 많으며 대를 이어 한약재상을 운영하기도 한다. 마지막으로 한약업사들이 전승하고 있는 특징적인 한의약 지식으로 ‘비방(祕方)’이 있으며 이는 오랜 임상 경험과 집요한 관찰 및 시행착오를 거듭하는 과정에서 새로운 처방 지식을 습득한 것으로 전통지식으로서의 가치가 크다. 또한, 한약재상은 약재 구별, 약재의 토양, 약재의 품질, 약재의 관리, 그리고 약재의 판매에 이르기까지 광범위한 지식을 오랜 경험과 실기 등을 통해 체득하고 있다. 이러한 한약업사와 한약재상이 전승하고 있는 전통 한의약 지식은 과거에는 실생활에서 반드시 필요한 지식이었으며 오늘날에는 점차 소멸되어 가는, 보존이 시급한 귀중한 전통지식이자 문화유산이라고 할 수 있다. In this study, focusing on Yakryeong-market (an herbal medicine market) in Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, we investigated the status and status of those who have passed on and used the knowledge and skills of oriental medicine, a traditional knowledge, and revealed its intangible heritage value. First, as traditional knowledge, knowledge of oriental medicine was defined as all traditional oriental medical practices and knowledge and technology related to oriental medicine, including the discipline of oriental medicine. The main people in charge of acquiring, passing on, and utilizing this knowledge of oriental medicine include oriental doctors, oriental pharmacists, oriental herbalists, herbal medicine wholesalers and retailers, and herbalists. Among these, oriental doctors and oriental pharmacists operate oriental medicine clinics and oriental pharmacies under the Medical Service Act and Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, respectively, and are guaranteed official status. However, herbal medicine practitioners can operate herbal medicine stores according to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, but the herbal medicine practitioner certification exam has been discontinued since 1983, and no further manpower is being recruited. In addition, herbal medicine wholesalers and retailers include pharmacists established under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, general wholesalers, and herbalists. Next, there are currently about 1,000 herbal medicine-related stores in Seoul Yangnyeongsi, of which about 40 herbal medicine stores are in operation, and about 140 to 150 wholesalers operated by herbal medicine dealers are in operation. The number of herbal medicine stores is gradually decreasing due to the aging population and worsening management difficulties, with no more herbal medicine practitioners being produced due to the herbal medicine practitioner qualification test, which was discontinued after 1983. On the other hand, the number of pharmacists and herbal medicine wholesalers is relatively increasing, but the herbal medicine industry is currently in a slump and most of the herbal medicine dealers are elderly, so the number is expected to decrease overall. Next, among the herbal medicine practitioners running herbal medicine shops in Yangnyeongsi, Seoul, many have been working in the herbal medicine field for four or five generations, and the secret method, or experience room, that has been passed down through the family is passed down from generation to generation. Many of the herbal medicine dealers here have worked in the field of herbal medicine for forty to fifty years and have accumulated considerable knowledge of herbal medicine, and some run herbal medicine shops for generations. Lastly, there is bibang (祕方) as a characteristic knowledge of oriental medicine passed down by oriental medicine practitioners, and this has great value as traditional knowledge as new prescription knowledge was acquired through long clinical experience, persistent observation, and repeated trial and error. In addition, herbalists have acquired a wide range of knowledge through long-term experience and practice, ranging from medicinal material identification, medicinal material soil, medicinal material quality, medicinal material management, and medicinal material sales. This traditional knowledge related to oriental medicine was essential knowledge in daily life in the past, and today it can be said to be a valuabl cultural heritage that is gradually disappearing and urgently needs to be preserved.

Cross-sectional Study for Blood Metal Concentration in Patients with Herbal Medicine Intake

박영철,이선동 대한예방한의학회 2009 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Evidences from various countries suggest that toxic heavy metals in herbal medicine may constitute a serious health problem. In order to evaluate whether the toxic heavy metals caused by herbal medicine intake, blood samples collected from 222 patients taking herbal medicine were analyzed. In average levels of analyzed metals, 0.4~33.9% of total samples for 8 metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn except Cr and Fe exceeded the upper limit for WHO reference value. In analysis of regression coefficients indicating the levels of metals increased or decreased after taking herbal medicine for one month, however, there were different aspects by intake types for herbal medicine. For example, the metals increased by taking decoction in blood samples were as follows; Cd and Pb whether Mn, Ni and Pb as increased metals were identified in the group taking pill and decoction(combined intake group). The odds ratio showing values higher than 1 indicating that people who take herbal medicine would have possibility higher for metal accumulation in blood than that from people who do not take herbal medicine. The metals showing the odds ratio higher than 1 were Hg and Ni in decoction group, and Cd and Hg in combined intake group. However, eight of the total, 10 metals showed the odds ratios lower than 1 by taking herbal medicine. Thus, this may explain the possible role of herbal medicine as a chelator for heavy metals in body.

Regulation and status of herbal medicine clinical trials in Korea: a narrative review

이보람,Yujin Choi,Pyung-Wha Kim,Chang-Sop Yang,이명수 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.2

Background: Herbal medicine has been used frequently in Korean medicine. We aimed to summarize the relevant regulations for herbal medicine clinical trials and to analyze their current status in the Republic of Korea. Methods: We searched for legislation to find regulations on herbal medicine clinical trials. Additionally, the websites of the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KMFDS) and Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) were searched to investigate the current status of them. Results: To conduct herbal medicine clinical trials for new drugs or previously approved drugs outside of indications, investigational new drug (IND) approval should be obtained from the KMFDS. For clinical trials of herbal medicines that have been used for more than 3 years with 200 cases at the clinical trial institution, nonclinical data can be exempted from IND approval. Total 95 and 108 herbal medicine clinical trials from the KMFDS and CRIS websites were analyzed. The number of clinical trials showed an increasing trend each year, as did KMFDS-regulated clinical trials. Recently, three clinical trials targeting new herbal formulations frequently used in Korean medicine institutions have been approved based on relevant regulations. Conclusion: We confirmed that herbal medicine clinical trials are managed through strict regulations, which can ensure the safe and effective use of herbal medicine. Despite strict regulations, attempts to accumulate evidence through clinical trials for herbal medicine are increasing. High-quality clinical trials should be conducted to develop new drugs that reflect the clinical setting using relevant regulations, evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drugs, and strengthen insurance coverage.