예수 그리스도의 영혼돌봄으로 본 비블리오드라마 - 비블리오드라마를 통한 목회상담적 제안 -

곽우영 한국실천신학회 2023 신학과 실천 Vol.- No.87

This study introduces the concept of ‘Bibliodrama’s care of the soul’, highlighting the identity of Bibliodrama based on Jesus Christ’s care of the soul, and explores its practical application. Bibliodrama, with a history of about half a century, emerged as a part of experiencing the Bible through psychodrama, introducing a new trend that transformed conventional theological interpretations offered a one-sided understanding of the Bible. Today, Bibliodrama has developed alongside various religious and artistic contexts, but it often fails to take full advantages of the unique attributes of Bibliodrama. There have been instances where Bliodrama is conducted in a manner resembling psychodrama, despite their fundamental differences. This problem has led to an unclear sense of identity for Bibliodrama, since its initial derivation from the structure of psychodrama. Consequently, this study defines the identity of Bibliodrama as 'Jesus Christ’s care of the soul' and proposes a direction for accentuating Bibliodrama’s unique characteristics, rooted in the Bible, naming it 'Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul'. Unlike psychodrama, which focuses on the psychotherapy of the main character, Bibliodrama aims to immerse participants in the roles of the Bible, using it as texts. Furthermore, applying the Bible like a regular book or using it solely for psychotherapeutic purposes in Bibliodrama risks mixing it with psychodrama in terms of content, potentially leading to Bibliodrama being regarded as a subset of psychodrama. This study describes the concept, necessity, and practical application of ‘Bibliodrama’s care of the soul’ to distinguish Bibliodrama from other forms of psychodrama and clarify its identity. This will allow for a clearer demarcation between Bibliodrama and psychodrama, which has often been ambiguous, enabling directors of Bibliodrama to reproduce the Jesus Christ’s care of the soul through ‘Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul.’ Moreover, this study introduces ‘Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul’ as a novel form of pastoral counseling. While pastoral counseling advanced rapidly during World War II, its scope appears to have narrowed to individualized counseling, that is, professional care. The roots of pastoral counseling lie in Jesus Christ’s care of the soul, and by proposing ‘Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul’ as a new form of pastoral counseling, which upholds the identity of soul care. This study aims to reinstate the communal aspect of pastoral counseling, which has focused on individual counseling. After the death of Jesus Christ, the church took responsibility for him and his ministry. This shows that integrating the care of the soul into Bibliodrama can be a principle for its application in churches and pastoral settings, offering a way for pastoral counseling to respond to the diverse needs of congregations. In the future, this approach is likely to aid more churches and communities in experiencing Jesus Christ’s care of the soul through ‘Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul’.

집단상담을 위한 비블리오드라마의 텍스트로써 이솝우화에 관한 연구

이봉섭 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2024 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.10 No.11

본 연구는 비블리오드라마의 텍스트로써 이솝우화의 활용 가능성을 연구하고, 성경 이외의 텍스트를 사용하는 비블리오드라마를 위한 텍스트 선정의 이론적 토대를 마련하고자 한다. 비블리오드라마는 전통적으로 성경을 텍스트로 활용하여 참여자의 자기 이해와 영적 성장을 돕는 상담과 교육의 방법으로 활용되어 왔다. 기독교 신앙이 없는 사람들을 위한 비블리오드라마에서는 성경 이외의 대안 텍스트로 이솝우화를 연구하였다. 연구 방법으로는 문헌 연구를 통해 이솝우화의 특성을 탐색하고, 마르틴 루터의 저작에서 이솝우화가 사용된 형태를 분석하여 성경 텍스트에 준하는 특성을 확인하였다. 또한 사례분석을 통해 이솝우화를 활용한 비블리오드라마 참여자들의 경험을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 이솝우화는 그 간결성과 보편적 주제, 인생에 대한 교훈으로 인해 비블리오드라마의 효과적인 텍스트로 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 참여자들은 종교적 배경과 관계없이 교훈적 효과와 내면의 성장에 긍정적 영향을 받았으며, 개인의 자기성찰과 공동체 내 소통이 증진되었다. 후속 연구로는 이솝우화를 텍스트로 활용하기 위한 구체적인 웜업, 텍스트 탐색, 그리고 연기 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. This study examines the potential of using Aesop’s Fables as a text for Bibliodrama and establishes a theoretical foundation for selecting non-biblical texts in Bibliodrama. Traditionally, Bibliodrama has been employed as a method of counseling and education to promote participants' self-understanding and spiritual growth using biblical texts. In this research, Aesop’s Fables were considered an alternative for non-Christian participants in bibliodrama. The research methodology involved a literature review to explore Aesop's Fables' characteristics and analyze how they were used in Martin Luther’s writings to identify features comparable to biblical texts. Additionally, case studies were conducted to analyze participants' experiences in bibliodrama sessions using Aesop’s Fables. The results confirm that Aesop’s Fables can be effectively utilized in bibliodrama due to their simplicity, universal themes, and life lessons. Regardless of religious background, participants showed positive outcomes such as didactic effects, personal growth, enhanced self-reflection, and improved communication within the community. As a result, Aesop’s Fables were proven to be valuable texts for bibliodrama. However, further research is needed to develop specific warm-up techniques, methods for text exploration, and performance approaches, inviting the audience to contribute to the ongoing development of Aesop's Fables in bibliodrama practice.

비블리오드라마의 개념, 선구자들, 그리고 근본성격

고원석 한국기독교교육학회 2020 기독교교육논총 Vol.0 No.62

This study is an attempt to grasp the fundamental characteristics and core structures of Bibliodrama, which has recently received a lot of attention in various fields including Christian education. Bibliodrama is a guided form of process-oriented staging of biblical texts in groups with the aim of mutually opening up the text and the biography of the participants in the implementation of holistic encounters (H. Aldebert). In the background of the birth of Bibliodrama can be found the hermeneutical efforts of the biblical scholar Walter Wink who sentenced the bankruptcy of historical criticism. He laid the biblical interpretative foundation for Bibliodrama which combines Bible and body. German theologian Gerhard Marcel Martin had a new experience of seeing the Bible through body activity during his life in New York, and based on that experience he began to work on the Bibliodrama. And the New Testament scholar Tim Schramm, who focused on the TCI (theme-centered interaction) movement, found the optimal methodology to embody the interaction of biblical studies in Bibliodrama. On the other hand, Peter Pitzele, who wanted to realize the Bibliodrama in the tradition of Midrash, has developed a new type of Bibliodrama (Bibliolog) that is different from the European Bibliodrama. When we put together the positions of the pioneers of Bibliodrama, it turns out that it has three fundamental characteristics: body, interaction, and the empty space of the Bible.

교회 공동체를 연결하는 비블리오드라마 연구 - 영혼돌봄을 기반으로 한 역동적 소그룹 운영을 중심으로 -

곽우영 한국실천신학회 2024 신학과 실천 Vol.- No.92

현대는 개인주의가 심화되고 있으며, 코로나19로 비대면 예배의 시기를 거치면서 교회들은 공동체의 회복과 연합의 필요성에 직면했다. 교회의 공동체성을 회복하는 것은 속회, 구역과 같이 교회의 근간을 이루는 가장 작은 소그룹부터 교회 전체의 연합을 통해 교회의 본질을 회복하는 것이다. 교회 공동체는 사회 공동체와는 다른 특징이 있다. 성경은 교회의 본질을 단순히 공동체의 연합이 아닌 예수 그리스도를 중심으로 하나로 연결되는 교회의 모습을 보여준다.<엡 1;22-23> 이 연구는 예수의 ‘영혼돌봄’을 기반으로 한 비블리오드라마(‘영혼돌봄의 비블리오드라마’)로 교회의 소그룹을 활성화하고, 교회 공동체를 하나로 연합시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이것은 예수 그리스도의 ‘영혼돌봄’으로 교회의 가장 작은 단위의 소모임부터 전체 교회 공동체를 연합하는 방안이다. 연구방법으로는 ‘영혼돌봄의 비블리오드라마’를 사용한다. 비블리오드라마는 역할(role)을 매개로 참여자들이 경험으로 성경을 알게 되는 참여적이고, 역동적인 소그룹 활동이다. 연구자는 이전 연구에서 성경을 본문으로 사용하는 비블리오드라마의 정체성을 예수의 ‘영혼돌봄’으로 정의했고, 이를 ‘영혼돌봄의 비블리오드라마’라고 명명했다. 비블리오드라마를 예수의 영혼돌봄으로 정의할 때 비블리오드라마는 목회상담으로 목회현장에 적용하는 원리가 되며, 새로운 목회상담 방법론이 된다. 연구결과로 예수 그리스도를 통해 하나로 연합하는 교회의 모형을 보여준다. 이는 교회의 소그룹이 그 역동성을 잃지 않으면서 전체 교회를 하나로 연합하는 방안으로, 1명의 디렉터가 소그룹 리더(목회자, 지역장·구역장)들을 훈련하여 전체 교회에 적용하는 방식이다. 연구 성과로 교회 공동체의 연합과 소그룹의 활성화를 위한 바람직한 소그룹의 요소와 특징을 유추해 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 말씀을 통한 소그룹의 활성화이다. 둘째, 상호존중과 이해를 통한 바람직한 공동체성의 회복이다. 셋째, 예수 그리스도의 ‘영혼돌봄’을 통해 교회가 하나로 연합되어 공동체를 회복하는 것이다. 1장에서는 선행연구를 포함하여 연구의 필요성과 목적을, 2장에서는 역동적인 소그룹인 비블리오드라마의 특성에 대해서 살펴보며, 3장에서는 교회를 연합시킬 수 있는 ‘영혼돌봄의 비블리오드라마’와 그 적용을 알아보고, 4장은 연구의 실제로서 교회를 연합하는 연구모형을 살펴본 후, 5장은 연구의 성과를 종합해 보겠다. In modern times individualism has intensified, and as churches experienced a period of non-face-to-face worship during the COVID-19 pandemic, they now face the need for restoring community and unity. Restoring the communal nature of the church involves revitalizing the smallest groups that form the foundation of the church, such as cell groups and districts, and achieving unity across the entire congregation to recover the church’s core essence. Church communities possess distinct characteristics that differentiate them from social communities. The Bible presents the church not merely as a unified assembly, but as a living body intricately connected through Jesus Christ. <Ephesians 1:22-23> This research focuses on revitalizing small groups within the church to foster greater unity through a method known as Bibliodrama, which is grounded in Jesus’ “Care of the Soul” (hereafter termed “Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul”). This study aims to revitalize small groups within the church and unite the church community as one through Bibliodrama based on Jesus’ “Care of the Soul” (hereafter referred to as “Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul”). This approach unites the smallest gatherings within the church, as well as the entire church community, through Jesus Christ’s “Care of the Soul.” The research methodology employs “Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul.” Bibliodrama is a participatory, dynamic small group activity that allows participants to experience the Bible through role-playing, providing an experiential engagement with scripture. In previous research, the identity of Bibliodrama, which uses the Bible as its foundational text, was defined through Jesus’ “Care of the Soul,” and this has been named “Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul.” When Bibliodrama is defined in this way, it becomes a pastoral counseling principle applicable within ministry settings, offering a new approach to pastoral counseling. The research results present a model of a church united as one through Jesus Christ. This model demonstrates how small groups can retain their vitality while contributing to the cohesion of the larger church body. The proposed approach involves a single director providing training to small group leaders (including pastors and district leaders), enabling them to implement this model across the entire congregation. The findings of this research suggest desirable elements and characteristics for revitalizing small groups and fostering unity within church communities. First, the activation of small groups through the Word of God. Second, the restoration of healthy communal relationships through mutual respect and understanding. Third, the unification and restoration of the church community through Jesus Christ’s “Care of the Soul.” Chapter 1 presents the need and objectives of the study, including a review of prior research. Chapter 2 explores the characteristics of dynamic small groups, particularly through Bibliodrama. Chapter 3 investigates the application of “Bibliodrama’s Care of the Soul” to unite church communities. Chapter 4 provides a practical model, and Chapter 5 summarizes the results of the study.

기독교집단의 비블리오드라마를 위한 액션메소드의 종합적 활용

김세준 ( Se Jun Kim ) 한국사이코드라마.소시오드라마학회 2009 한국사이코드라마학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This thesis is to examine out the effectiveness of bibliodrama on the learners who learn about the Scriptures through bibliodrama. And also, various teaching methodologies are analyzed, which are indispensible to the teaching of the Scriptures to the members of the Christian community. As this study is based on the therapeutic experience in the course of pastoral duties, this study will help those who wish to teach the Scriptures by way of bibliodrama, or to help teachers who takes the pastoral duties. If we use bibliodrama in teaching the Scriptures, we can make the learners aware of the interests on the Scriptures, and of what the message which God wishes to deliver is, and of how we behave for the life which God wishes us to live during the amusing time of bibliodramatic procedures. Out of the procedures, the learners` stories are come up with naturally. Just like this, bibliodrama is helpful to seek and learn the truth of the Scriptures in the learners` personal level, and to apply to their own surroundings. The learners are able to understand the thoughts and feelings of the characters of the Scriptures, not limited in the text of the Scriptures. It is applied not only to the teacher or the director, but also to all participants of bibliodrama. Beyond the cognitive teaching of the Scriptures, bibliodrama can afford to a methodology which can solve the problems of the members themselves and sharing problems of the community by way of sentiment, imagination, creativity, spontaneity. This acting-out methodology of bibliodrama is derived from the acting-out methodology of psychodrama.

성경교수법으로서의 비블리오드라마에 대한 비판적 연구

장순애(Soon-Ae Chang) 영남신학대학교 2017 신학과 목회 Vol.48 No.-

In the postmodern era, churches should be educated in consideration of experience, participation, images, and connections. This is a feature of postmodernism and is characteristic of learners these days. Therefore, in order to educate and communicate the empathy of the learners, the education of the church should be educated considering the EPIC. However, the fact that the church is to be a church of EPIC is not merely a meeting of the church with the world, but restoring the original image of the church and the original meaning of Bible education. The Bible teaching method using the Bibliodrama recently started to be attempted in the Christian education can be said to be a teaching method which is oriented toward EPIC. But my experience was that there was a crucial limit to Bible study using Bibliodrama. This was the starting point of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the Bibliodrama from the point of view of Bible teaching method, and to suggest alternatives. To do so, I will first look at the definition of the Bibliodrama, their progress and key elements. And I will summarize the educational possibilities and limitations of Bibliodrama. Next, we examine the possibilities and limitations of Bibliodrama as Bible teaching method, and present a small alternative to overcome these limitations. It is a Bibliodrama that focuses on the relationship of the main character in the text of the Bible with God. It will be a process for learners to meet God and meet ‘me’ in God while enjoying reading the Bible text with imagination and body.

연극치료를 활용한 문학교육과 치유-비블리오드라마를 중심으로-

오수진 한국연극예술치료학회 2024 연극예술치료연구 Vol.0 No.20

인류가 존재한 이후로 다양한 형태의 교육이 이루어져 왔고, 효율적인 교수법에 대한 고민도 지속적으로 이어져 왔다. 대학에서 문학교육을 하고 있는 필자 또한 같은 고민을 하면서 다양한 교수법을 고민해 왔다. 문학교육을 하는 목적은 단순히 문학 작품을 분석하고 이해하는 데 그치지 않고 학습을 통해 학습자가 다양한 통찰을 하고 자아 성장을 이룸과 동시에 치유의 효과까지 성취함으로써 현실에서 더욱더 건강한 삶을 영위해 나갈 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다. 그런 면에서 대학생들을 대상으로 셰익스피어의 A Midsummer Night's Dream(『한여름 밤의 꿈』)을 텍스트로 문학, 특히 극문학 수업을 하는 데 있어 심리상담 및 교육 분야에 주로 사용되는 비블리오드라마(도서심리극)를 교수법으로 사용해 그 효과에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구 방법으로는 문헌 연구와 관찰을 통한 경험적 연구 방법으로 진행하였다. 작가와 작품에 대한 강의, 텍스트 읽기와 자료 조사 후 토론, 영상 시청을 활용한 학습을 한 후 추가로 비블리오드라마를 경험하기 전과 후에 작가, 작품, 등장인물에 대한 이해, 비블리오드라마 경험하는 도중과 후에 느끼는 학습 효과, 통찰과 역할 훈련의 효과 등을 묻는 내용의 사전/사후검사를 하여 비블리오드라마의 교수법으로서의 효과성 검증을 하였다. 그 결과 비블리오드라마를 경험하기 전에 여러 교수법의 효과도 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 거기에 더해 비블리오드라마를 교수법으로 사용 후 학습효과가 유의미하게 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과를 살펴보면 아래와 같다. 1. 수업 중 학습자들이 극문학 학습을 더 즐겁고 활기차게 해 나갈 수 있고 이 과정에서 다양한 카타르시스를 느낄 수 있다. 2. 작품 전체와 등장인물들을 더욱더 입체적이고 깊이 있게 느끼고 이해할 수 있다. 3. 비블리오드라마를 통해 개인적인 통찰을 경험하고 자신의 삶을 되돌아볼 기회를 제공한다. 4. ‘역할 훈련(Role Training)'이 이루어져 학습자들이 자신을 그 상황에 대입시켜 현실에서의 유사한 상황을 경험하게 될 때 유연하고 적절하게 대처할 수 있는 힘을 기를 수 있게 된다. 이로써 비블리오드라마를 교수법으로 활용했을 때 깊이 있는 교육 효과뿐만 아니라 카타르시스, 통찰 역할 훈련이라는 심리치료로서의 효과도 달성할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이외에도 비블리오드라마 과정에서 학습자들이 표현하는 언행을 통해 교육자로서 학습자에 대한 이해도가 높아져 학생 지도에도 도움을 받을 수 있다. 더불어 이러한 이유로 비블리오드라마를 활용한 극문학 교육방식은 교실을 넘어 연극 배우들의 연기훈련에도 큰 도움이 될 것이라 기대할 수 있다. This study aims to examine the effect of bibliodrama in literature education as a teaching method. Various teaching methods have been used in literature education. For this study, Lectures, reading texts, discussions, and watching videos are used as teaching tools in literature class for university students. In addition, we explored how and to what effect the additional use of bibliodrama, which is widely used in psychotherapy and educational settings, would be effective. Bibliodrama was conducted two times for 120~150 min. each. A pre-post test was conducted to determine understanding of the author, work, and characters and the effects of insight and role training and various learning effects during and after the bibliodrama sessions. The learning effect significantly improved after the bibliodrama sessions. The results of the study are as follows. First, During class, learners can learn dramatic literature more happily and energetically, and feel various catharsis in the process. Second, Learners can feel and understand the entire work and its characters in a more three-dimensional and deeper way. Third, it provides opportunities for learners to experience personal insight and reflect on their lives through bibliodrama. Fourth, ‘Role Training’ is provided so that learners can develop the ability to respond flexibly and appropriately when they experience similar situations in reality by putting themselves into the situation. This shows that when bibliodrama is used as a teaching method, it can achieve not only a deep educational effect, but also a psychotherapeutic effect such as catharsis, insight and role training.

기독교교육의 새로운 접근

고원석(Won Seok Koh) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2016 기독교교육정보 Vol.0 No.48

비블리오드라마는 공감과 소통을 성서교수학적으로 구현하고자 최근에 등장한 기독교교육의 접근방법이다. 본 논문은 아직 한국기독교교육 분야에 생소한 비블리오드라마의 원칙과 주요 특징을 정리하여 소개하고, 비블리오드라마의 성서 이해, 해석학적 관점을 조명하고자 한다. 비블리오드라마는 역할극 형태로 성서의 내용을 즉흥적으로 연기함으로써 그 과정 속에서 일어나는 지적, 정서적, 미적 차원의 깨달음을 서로 대화하고 성찰해 나가는 학습형태다. 비블리오드라마는 창의적이고 자발적인 과정학습으로서 성서의 세계와 학습자의 세계의 상호소통을 추구하며, ‘빠름’의 세상 논리에 항거하며 성서를 천천히 읽어나가려고 한다. 이를 실현하기 위해 비블리오드라마는 성서를 다음과 같이 이해하고자 한다. 첫째, 성서를 오늘의 학습자를 향한 사건으로 바라본다. 극적 환경을 구성하고 학습자들이 사건 속으로 참여함으로써 성서의 사건 자체에 귀를 기울이고자 한다. 둘째, 비블리오드라마는 성서를 하나의 의미공간으로 바라보고, 전통적 해석학과 달리 “흰 불꽃”(여백)에 감춰진 의미에 주목한다. 셋째, 비블리오드라마는 몸과 영이 함께 어우러지는 해석을 추구함으로써 정신과 육체가 통합된 ‘전인적’ 신앙 형성을 추구한다. 결국 비블리오드라마는 “신뢰의 해석학”을 지향한다. 비블리오드라마의 관점에서 성서는 언제나 인간의 해석능력보다 우위에 있는 하나님의 말씀으로 신뢰하기 때문에 참여자들 자신들의 해석학적 능력의 한계에도 불구하고 성서의 의미 해석을 위해 자신의 실존적 차원에서 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 길을 개방한다. The purpose of this study is to explain and analyse Bibliodrama, which is yet unfamiliar to Christian education field in Korea. Bibliodrama is a contemporary approach taken by Christian education responding to today’s social demand, empathy and communication. It is a form of a Bible study through unscripted role plays of stories from the Bible. It is a creative and spontaneous learning process aiming the interactional communication between the Scripture and men as well as connecting the past to the present. Besides, it suggests a slow reading of the Bible in order to resist the flow of the fast-moving culture in this era. From the hermeneutical perspective, Bibliodrama is considered as events of the biblical stories reformed by men, participating in the production, who are already engaged to the dramatized environment of the biblical stories and experiencing them as if their own stories. Bibliodrama is focused more on so-called “white fire”(interlinear space) of the texts where men can find meanings than on so-called “black fire”(letter), objects of the traditional interpretation. In this, Bible is an empty space of meaning of the text which can be filled up by the participants. It tries to integrate human soul and body to make an holistic faith and holistic personality. After all, we could name hermeneutics of Bibliodrama as hermeneutics of trust. From this perspective, the Bible is God’s Words that it always stands above men"s interpretative capability. Regardless of the limitation of our understanding about the Bible, we could enter existentially and passionately into the biblical world through Bibliodrama.

비블리오드라마에 의한 대학생들의 자기성장 경험

강희숙 ( Hee Sook Kang ),이진헌 ( Jin Heon Lee ) 한국사이코드라마.소시오드라마학회 2019 한국사이코드라마학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of self-growth of college students after the bibliodrama. To accomplish the purpose of this study, we conducted a bibliodrama for 10 2^nd grade students at K university and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological method. As a result, the categories of self-growth experience of university students by bibliodrama are ‘the difficulty of real life’, ‘the examination of the direction of life’, ‘the trust of others’, ‘the opportunity of self-reflection’, ‘the challenge of happy life’. Based on this, I proposed the expansion and improvement plan of bibliodrama for university students.

기독청년의 대인관계향상을 위한 비블리오드라마 경험 이해를 위한 현상학적 연구

김윤주 ( Kim Yun Ju ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2021 복음과 상담 Vol.29 No.1

The purposes of this study are to implement Bibliodrama and examine its process. The format of Bibliodrama was used to understand the meanings and psychological phenomena of Christian young adults in the process of their improvement of interpersonal relationships and examine how these experiences would be manifested in their life courses. Based on Giorgi’s phenomenological methodology, the improvement process of interpersonal relationships was applied according to the research procedure. nine young adults in their twenties were selected at a church that had its first encounter with Bibliodrama. Along with a program of eight three-hour sessions, an indepth interview was conducted with the participants individually. The results of their interviews outcomes identified eight components and 27 subcomponents. The eight components include “check of life,” “maladaptive interpersonal relationship,” “experience of catharsis through Bibliodrama,” “understanding of oneself through role playing,” “interaction with others,” “creation of a new role,” “changes in one’s life attitude,” and “growth and challenge.” In the study, the participants expressed and experienced familiar stories in the Bible in connection to their personal lives, broadening their understanding of others as well as new perceptions of themselves. These findings indicate that experiences through interactions with others helped them form new relations and that they had enhanced experiences of more flexible interpersonal relationships thanks to growing positive thoughts and feelings.