The Effects of Low Frequency Noise on the Growth and Resistance to Antibiotics of Soil Bacteria and E. Coli

Hyun Woo Kim(Matthew) 국제과학영재학회 2016 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.8 No.1

In today's mechanized society, low frequency noises are ubiquitous. Though much research has been conducted on the effects of low frequency sound waves on human health and emotion, little research has been conducted on their impact on plants and bacteria. This research sought to determine the effects of low frequency noise on soil bacteria and E. coli. Initially, changes in growth and amounts of both bacteria under low frequency noise were measured, but no significant and definite alterations in the E. coli growth were observed. Then, the resistance of bacteria was tested by adding hydrogen peroxide, which yield harmful reactive oxygen species, to the soil bacteria and E. coli solutions, of which some were exposed to LFN (low frequency noise) while other control groups were not. The results showed that the bacterial solutions exposed to LFN were less affected by the hydrogen peroxide, indicating that LFN may have induced the secretion of chemical compounds, such as Superoxide dismutase that react with the reactive oxygen species to create new harmless compounds. It has therefore been concluded that LFN may strengthen the resistance of bacteria, and that certain measures, especially for harmful bacteria, should be taken in order to prevent increased resistance.

CONTROLLING PSORIATIC SKIN THROUGH ANTIBIOTIC EFFECT OF PSORIATIC AND NORMAL SKIN BACTERIA

Jong Hyeon SHIN 국제과학영재학회 2015 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.7 No.2

Psoriasis is an auto-inflammatory disease that is prevalent throughout all age and ethical groups. This research was conducted to investigate possible uses of bacteria to condition the inadequate balance in a psoriatic patient’s skin. There were three primary parts to this research, which were to collect bacteria from psoriatic patients and normal subjects, classify the collected bacteria based on distinguishing characteristics, and finally initiate an antibiotic effect between these skin bacteria. A total of eight bacteria were selected in this research. Each of these bacteria were cultivated in each of the broth media containing the bacterial extracts in all possible combinations, producing an antibiotic effect. While the normal skin had an abundance of acidophilic bacteria and a lack of general bacteria, abnormal psoriatic skin had more general bacteria than acidophilic bacteria, displaying the inadequacy of dermal balance in the skin of psoriatic patients. In the antibiotic effect, two bacteria ‘Dp’ and Gn’ which were found in normal skin, were determined to suppress the growth of a bacteria only found in a psoriatic patient’s psoriatic site. Therefore, by using the effective aspects of these bacteria, a clinical application would be possible in controlling the unbalance of skin condition in psoriatic patients.

세균에 관한 선개념 및 감성을 고려한 초등과학 교수 학습 프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

이동민 ( Dong Min Lee ),차희영 ( Hee Young Cha ) 한국생물교육학회 2009 생물교육 Vol.37 No.4

This study was to develop instructional programs for elementary school students in which we reflected their preconceptions and typical emotions on bacteria and to apply them. They were developed using 5E learning cycle instructional model to change misconceptions and negative emotion regarding bacteria into biologically acceptable conceptions and positive emotion on them. They consist of two kinds of versions: teachers` guide and students` worksheet. To develop more practical programs, they had gotten a pilot study with 24 upper graders of elementary school students and been ameliorated three times. Seven classes titled as ``life as a bacteria, ``the size of bacteria``, ``the shape of bacteria``, ``bacteria-infested place``, ``the usefulness of bacteria`` and ``the importance of bacteria in human life`` were conducted and applied to 33 fourth graders during one semester. The effectiveness of the program were tested by specially designed three kinds of instruments: test on the conception of bacteria, the emotion on bacteria and interview guide. These were administrated three times such as before, after and far after and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. In first result, most of the subjects have non-scientific conceptions and negative emotion about bacteria. Because Korean science curriculum has barely included about microorganism, elementary school students` personal experience such as visiting dental office, the hospital or TV programs including animation for bacteria characters could be affected their preconception and emotions on it. Secondly, the classes using special programs on bacteria had significantly effectively worked to change preconception of misconceptions and negative emotion on bacteria into scientific conceptions and positive prospect on it. The effectiveness of the programs make school science curriculum have to include biological contents regarding microorganism.

다양한 약물과 영양제가 장내세균에 미치는 영향

박재은,이도경,하남주,송영천,Park, Jae Eun,Lee, Do Kyung,Ha, Nam Joo,Song, Young Cheon 한국미생물학회 2015 미생물학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Recently, change of Western pattern diet and lifestyle is caused by various metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. These diseases need to take medicine regularly. Also, many people take health functional food, various vitamins and nutritional supplements in order to maintain a healthy life. But, there was no study about affects taking medicines against bacteria with gastrointestinal relevance. This study was performed by antibacterial activity test to evaluate the influence of a long time or commonly used medication. As a result, medicines of Vitamins & Minerals or Central nervous system show antibacterial activity against beneficial enteric bacteria and harmful enteric bacteria. Dexibuprofen of the Anti-inflammatory Drugs that acts on the central nervous system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and harmful enteric bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Also, fenofibric acid of the antilipemic agents that acts on the Cardiovascular & Hematopoietic system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei). Vitamins & Minerals appeared antibacterial activity against most intestinal bacteria. Vitamin B-Complex/with C and vitamin C were especially high with beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Bifidobacterium infantis) and harmful enteric bacteria (E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. flexneri, S. Typhimurium, S. aureus). Therefore, these results indicate that variously taking medicines have generally antibacterial activity against harmful enteric bacteria strains and beneficial enteric bacteria strains.

쪽파로부터 분리된 유산균의 병원성균에 대한 항균활성

김길하,김완섭,Gil-Ha Kim,Natsag Lkhagvasuren,Batchimeg Namshir,Woan Sub Kim 한국낙농식품응용생물학회 2023 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.41 No.3

In this study, we isolated lactic acid bacteria from Allium wakegi and examined the usability of culture supernatants obtained from these lactic acid bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the culture supernatant obtained from the isolated lactic acid bacteria against the pathogens Escherichia and Salmonella spp. was measured. The obtained lactic acid bacteria culture medium showed significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of pH and heat denaturation on the observed anti-pathogenic bacterial activity was also investigated. Adjusting the culture supernatant to pH 7 resulted in loss of all antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of the obtained culture supernatant against pathogenic bacteria is influenced by organic acids. Assessment of the heat stability of the anti-pathogenic bacterial activity revealed that heat treatment did not diminish activity. The obtained lactic acid bacteria culture medium is thus stable against heat.

Gut commensal-derived extracellular vesicles and cancer prevention in animal model

You-Me Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Interaction between intestinal commensal bacteria and the host exerts major influence on the organismal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. In cancer, certain commensal bacteria can directly trigger tumorigenesis and different types of tumor tissues have been shown to harbor several bacteria species inside. On the other hand, intestinal bacteria composition is a key factor determining the effectiveness of cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Especially, responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors critically depends on the intestinal microbiota and currently several clinical trials are underway to enhance therapeutic efficacy of anti- PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies by administering a single or a mixture of specific intestinal bacteria species or even by transplanting fecal material collected from cancer survivors who benefited from those immune checkpoint therapeutics. Despite the huge enthusiasm for utilizing commensal bacteria for cancer therapy, side effects and long-term consequences of taking a high dose of live bacteria still need further characterization. To overcome a risk posed by proliferating live bacteria, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) may serve as an alternative. Bacterial EVs are membrane-enclosed particles actively secreted by live bacteria. EVs are generally of 20-200 nm in size and contain various bacterial macromolecules and metabolites. Compared to whole bacteria, EVs can be easily transported across epithelial cell layers to reach the systemic circulation and may confer the same beneficial effect to host as the whole bacteria. In this talk, I will present our recent results demonstrating that EVs isolated from a certain gut commensal bacterial strain significantly boost anti-cancer immune response and can be potentially developed for cancer prevention and treatment.

민감 계층 이용시설 내 실외 주변 환경 특성에 따른 부유세균 종분포 특성

조은민,이정섭,조용민,이철민 한국냄새환경학회 2020 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.19 No.4

This study examines the effects of surrounding outdoor environmental characteristics in multi-use public facilities that are used by the susceptible population, on the concentration and distribution of indoor airborne bacteria. For this study, areas were divided into ‘factory area,’ ‘city area,’ and ‘forest area.’ The research was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018, and the selected target facilities were daycare centers, hospitals, postpartum care centers, and nursing homes for the elderly. In order to measure airborne bacteria, indoor air samples were collected using a six-stage viable particulate cascade impactor, and airborne bacteria samples were collected using MCE (Mixed cellulose esters) filters. Moreover, the outdoor airborne bacteria concentration was also measured to determine the concentration ratio (I/O ratio) of the total indoor airborne bacteria and total outdoor airborne bacteria concentrations. The results showed that the total outdoor airborne bacteria concentration was highest in the city area, with 74.2 ± 60.0 CFU/m3, and the lowest in the factory area, with 45.9 ± 35.8 CFU/m3. Furthermore, the distribution of the total outdoor airborne bacteria concentrations significantly differed across each surrounding environment (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference in total indoor airborne bacteria concentrations, according to surrounding environments, was observed (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that the concentration of outdoor airborne bacteria differs across surrounding environments, unlike that of the indoor airborne bacteria.

해빙기 바이칼호에서 부유세균과 Aggregates에 부착한 세균의 군집구조

홍선희,김옥선,전선옥,유재준,안태석 한국미생물학회 2002 미생물학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was used to compare the community structures of free-living and aggregated bacteria at thawing period in Lake Baikal. Targeted groups were Eubacteria, $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, $\gamma$- proteobacteria groups, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group and Planctomycetales. Total bacterial numbers of free-living bacteria were ranged from $0.2{\times}10^6\cells{\cdot}ml^-1$ to $3.2{\times}10^6\cells{\cdot}ml^-1$, which were decreasing with depth, while the aggregated bacterial numbers were dramatically increasing from $0.4{\times}10^4 to 3.3{\times}10^4 \cells{\cdot}ml^-1$ with depth. The ratios of EUB probe binding cells to DAPI counts were ranged from 52.3 to 74.1% in free-living bacteria, and from 39.6 to 66.7% in the aggregated bacteria, respectively. Community structures of the aggregated bacteria were very different from each free-living bacteria at every depth. At 25 m depth, where the chlorophyll a concentration was highest, both structures were quite different from those of surface layers, rendering the fact that the community structures might be affected by phytoplankton. The vertical profile of community structure of aggregated bacteria is particular. The proportion of $\beta$-proteobacteria group was increasing with depth and it was 51.8% at 100 m, but the dominant group was $\gamma$-pro-teobacteria group at 250 m. Taken together, the biodiversity and succession of aggregated bacteria are quite different from free-living bacteria.

성인의 타액 내 구강세균 검출과 위험요인에 관한 연구

홍민희(Hong, Min-hee) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.9

구강질환은 단독 진행만이 아닌 혼합감염증으로 발생하므로 치아우식증 및 치주질환에 관여하는 원인 균주들의 명확한 분석이 필요하다. 이에, 본 연구는 치아우식증 및 치주질환의 원인균으로 잘 알려져 있는 세균을 검출하기 위해 타액 을 채취하였다. 성인의 연령, 흡연 및 음주, 질병유무에 따른 구강세균분포 차이를 보고 구강세균의 위험요소를 확인하고자 한다. 본 연구 대상은 20대 이상 65세 미만 성인 120명을 대상으로 2014년 3월 15일 - 5월 10일까지 조사하였다. 타액 내 gDNA를 추출 후 PCR 방법을 이용하여 구강질환의 균 분포도를 확인하였다. 그 결과, S. mutans는 72명, P. intermedia 88명, S. mutans와 P. intermedia 균이 모두 검출된 성인은 54명, 구강세균이 검출되지 않은 성인은 14명으로 나타났다. 구강 세균의 위험 요소 결과, 흡연자는 비흡연자에 비해 S. mutans 2.8배, P. intermedia 3.5배 더 높게 나타났다. 음주자는 비음주 자에 비해 S. mutans 검출 위험도가 3.3배 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 전신질환자는 정상인에 비해 P. intermedia 검출된 위험도가 4.1배 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 흡연, 음주, 전신질환은 구강 내 세균 검출위험도가 높은 인자임을 확인할 수 있었 다. 또한 연령이 증가할수록 치주질환 세균이 더 많이 검출되었으며, 20대는 치아우식증과 치주질환이 공존하는 연령대인 만큼 구강세균의 분포가 더 두드러지게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 구강세균이 검출된 성인은 치아우식증과 치주질환에 이환될 위험도가 그만큼 높다고 볼 수 있으므로, 구강환경을 청결히하고 정기적인 치과방문을 통해 구강질환을 예방해야 할 것이다. As oral diseases are developed by mixed infections, not by any single element, an accurate analysis of the causative microorganisms related to dental caries and periodontal diseases is required. In this study, saliva was collected from selected adults to determine if the bacteria that are well known as the causative microorganisms of dental caries and periodontal diseases would be detected in their saliva. In addition, this study examined whether there would be any differences among adults according to age, smoking, drinking and presence or absence of diseases in the distribution of oral bacteria to determine the risk factors for oral bacteria. The study subjects were 120 adults ranging in age from 20 to 65 years. The experiment data was collected from March 15, to May 2014. The gDNA was collected from the saliva, and the distribution of bacteria for oral diseases was investigated by PCR. The findings of the study were as follows. S. mutans was detected from 72 adults, and P. intermedia was detected from 88 adults. Both bacteria were detected from 54 adults, and no oral bacteria was detected in 14 adults. An analysis of the risk factors of oral bacteria showed that smokers had a 2.8-fold higher risk of S. mutans than nonsmokers, and the former had a 3.5-fold higher risk of P. intermedia than the latter. Drinkers had a 3.3-fold higher risk of S. mutans than nondrinkers. Patients who suffered from systemic diseases had a 4.1-fold higher risk of P. intermedia than those with no diseases. Therefore, smoking, drinking and systemic diseases are factors that increase the likelihood of oral bacteria detection. More periodontal disease bacteria were detected from older adults, and more oral bacteria were found in adults who were in their 20s, as dental caries and periodontal diseases were more common in this age group. The adults in which oral bacteria were detected are more likely to have dental caries or periodontal diseases, and they should try to keep their mouth cavity clean and make regular visits to a dental clinic to prevent possible oral diseases.

Automatically Controlled Microfluidic System for Continuous Separation of Rare Bacteria from Blood

Yoon, Taehee,Moon, Hui‐,Sung,Song, Jae‐,Woo,Hyun, Kyung‐,A,Jung, Hyo‐,Il John WileySons, Inc. 2019 Cytometry. the journal of the International Societ Vol.95 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Bloodstream infection by microorganisms is a major public health concern worldwide. Millions of people per year suffer from microbial infections, and current blood culture‐based diagnostic methods are time‐consuming because of the low concentration of infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream. In this study, we introduce an efficient automated microfluidic system for the continuous isolation of rare infectious bacteria (<I>Escherichia coli</I>, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, and <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>) from blood. Bacteria received a balanced force between a fluidic drag force and a periodically controlled dielectrophoretic (DEP) force from tilted electrodes to minimize cell adhesion to the electrodes, which prevented the loss of rare infectious bacteria. Target bacteria were efficiently segregated from the undesired blood cells to ensure that only the bacteria received the DEP force under the hypotonic condition, while the blood cells received no DEP force and exited the channel via a laminar flow. Thus, the bacteria were successfully extracted from the blood with a high recovery yield of 91.3%, and the limit of the bacteria concentration for isolation was 100 cfu/ml. We also developed an automated system that performed every step from blood‐sample loading to application of electricity to the microfluidic chip for bacteria separation. It reduced the standard deviation of the bacteria recovery yield from 6.16 to 2.77 compared with the conventional batch process, providing stable bacteria‐extraction performance and minimizing errors and bacteria loss caused by user mistakes. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry</P>