원색도감(原色圖鑑) 발간(發刊)을 위한 한국산(韓國産) 자낭균류(子囊菌類)의 분류학적(分類學的) 연구(硏究)

이용보,이지열,Lee, Yong-Bo,Lee, Ji-Yul 한국균학회 1982 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.10 No.3

본연구(本硏究)는 원색(原色) 한국산(韓國産) 버섯도감발간사업(圖鑑發刊事業)을 위하여 1981년(年) 7월(月) 1일(日)부터 1982년(年) 6월(月) 30일(日)까지 1년간(間) 경기도(京畿道) 광육임업시험장(光陸林業試驗場)을 주(主)로 하고, 경기도(京畿道), 용문산(龍門山), 강원도(江原道) 치악산(雉岳山), 충청북도(忠淸北道) 용이산(俗離山), 경상남도(慶尙南道) 지이산(智異山), 전라남도(全羅南道) 무등산(無等山), 제주도(濟州道) 한라산(漢拏山) 등지(等地)에서 신선(新鮮)한 자낭균류(子囊菌類)를 채집(採集) 촬영(撮影)하여 원색(原色)슬라이드와 건조표본(乾燥標本)을 작성(作成)하고 분류학적(分類學的) 연구(硏究)를 완성(完成)하였다. 조사(調査)된 결과(結果)에 의하면 우리나라에서 밝혀진 총고등균류수(總高等菌類數)인 620여종중(餘種中) 흔히 볼 수 있는 균류(菌類)와 한국미기록(韓國未記錄) 자낭균류(子囊菌類) 101종(種)의 원색(原色) 슬라이드와 분류상(分類上)의 검색표(檢索表)를 완성(完成)하였다. 이들은 10목(目) 19과(科) 50속(屬) 101종(種)에 속(屬)하고, 또 이들의 세계적(世界的) 분포(分布)가 밝혀졌다. 그들 중 Peziza vesiculosa 큰 주발버섯, Rhizina inflata 땅해파리, Gelasinospora longispora, Sordaria fimicola, Cantharomyces exiguus, Dichomyces biformis, D. furcifer, D. homalotae, D. hybridus, D. vulgatus, Dioicomyces anthici, Enathromyces indicus, Laboulbenia borealis, L. brachconychi, L. cristata, L. exigua, L. fusciculata, K. filifera, L. flagellata, L. rougetii, L. tachys, L. vulgaris, L. yoshidai, Rickia ancylopi, R. papuana 그리고 R. peyerimhoffii의 26종(種)은 한국산(韓國産) 미기록종(未記錄種)이며, 그 보통명(普通名)과 기재(記載)를 하였다. 본론문(本論文)에서는 예정(豫定)대로 101종(種)의 자낭균류중(子囊菌類中) 원색도판(原色圖版) 1면(面)만을 게재(揭載)하였다. This study has been carried out for the publication of colored illustrations of Korean fungi. The fresh fungi of Ascomycetes were collected and photographed, for the most part, at Gwangneung, Kyonggi Province, Mt. Yongmun in Kyonggi Province, Mt. Sokri in Chungcheong Province, Mt. Jiyee in Kyeongsang Province, Mt. Mudeug in Jeonra Province, and Mt. Hanra in Jeuju Island from July 1, 1981 to June 31, 1982. These higher fungi were made into colored slides and dried specimens, then classified. According to the investigated result, colored slides and classification for the common and new to Korea 101 species were completed among 620 spp. which were known all of the fungi in Korea. They were included 10 oders, 19 families, 51 genera and 101 species. Their world distributions were investigated. Twenty six species of them, that is, Peziza vesiculosa, Rhizina inflata, Gelasinospora longispora, Sordaria fimicola, Cantharcmyces exiguus, Dichomyces biformis, D. furcifer, D. homalotae, D. hybridus, D. vulgatus, Dioicomyces anthici, Enathromyces indicus, Laboulbenia borealis, L. brachconychi, L. cristata, L. exigua, L. fusciculata, L. filifera, L. flagellata, L. rougetii, L. tachys, L. vulgaris, L. yoshidai, Rickia ancylopi, R. papuana and R. peyerimhoffii were found to be new in Korea. In addition their common names and descriptions prepared. According to study plan, this paper pressed only one page in colored plate among 101 species.

이중특이성 인산화 효소의 결손이 Candida albicans 병원성에 미치는 효과

박윤희 ( Yun Hee Park ),박희문 ( Hee Moon Park ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans has the ability to convert from yeast-form to pseudohyphal or true hyphal form. The morphological transition is considered as an important virulence factor, because the decrease or lack in dimorphism causes the reduction of virulence. Our previous study revealed that the disruption of dual specificity kinase gene caused the reduction of dimorphism in C. albicans. Therefore we tested the effect of dual specificity kinase in virulence using mouse model. The mean survival time for kinase-defective strains was about 15 days in comparison with those of wild-type, 3.9 days. Moreover the fungal burden on kidneys for kinase-defective strains was decreased by ten-fold than that for wild-type. These results suggest possible involvement of dual specificity kinase in a novel signal transduction pathway for morphological transition and virulence of C. albicans.

구기자-맥문동 전통주 제조용 진균 발효제와 알콜발효 효모의 선발 및 최적 발효조건

송정화 ( Jung Hwa Song ),백승예 ( Seung Ye Baek ),이대형 ( Dae Hyoung Lee ),정재홍 ( Jae Hong Jung ),김하근 ( Ha Kun Kim ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

To develop new functional traditional rice wines using Gugija and Liriope tuber as raw materials, screenings of optimal fungal nuruk and alcohol fermentative yeast for brewing of Gugija-L. tuber traditional rice wine were performed with investigation of optimal fermentation condition. Finally, we selected commercial SJ nuruk and Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-2 as optimal nuruk and yeast for Gugija-L. tuber traditional rice wine. Furthermore, a new antihypertensive and anti-gout Gugija-L. tuber traditional rice wine was produced when 3% of Jangmyong Gugija and L. tuber No.1 were added into cooked rice and then fermented at 25oC for 5 days with SJ nuruk and S. cerevisiae C-2.

도열병균에서 추출한 Cx 효소의 순화 및 특성에 관한 연구

김상호,김은수 한국균학회 1982 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.10 No.2

The (NH₄)₂ SO₄, (70%) treated crude enzymes from the culture filtrates of the C-7^(+1) strain of Pyricularia oryzae which was grown on 2% CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) for 8 days at 28℃, were chromatographied on Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns. From the chromatography, three fractions of CMCase(C_x) was examined using Na-CMC as substrate. The C_x enzyme activity was optimal at pH 6.0 and 40℃, stable up to 40℃. The values of Km and Vmax of the enzyme were 2.8 × 10 mM and 5.9m moles/hour, respectively. The molecular weight determined by Sephadex G-150 column chromatography was around 80,000. Approximately sevenfold purified C_x enzyme gave a single protein band on the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

잎새버섯(Grifola frondosa)의 자실체에서 추출한 조다당류의 면역증강 및 항암효과

김정화 ( Jeong Hwa Kim ),차윤정 ( Youn Jeong Cha ),심미자 ( Mi Ja Shim ),이민웅 ( Min Woong Lee ),이태수 ( Tae Soo Lee ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

80% methanol and 0.9% neutral saline soluble and hot water substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180 and RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 10~2000 μg/ml, but crude polysaccharides from Fr. NaCl was slightly toxic to HT-29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of 2000 μg/ml. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of 25.0~52.9% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. HW increased the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of 200 μg/ml compared with control. Fr. NaCl improved the immuno-stimulating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.5 fold compared with control at the concentration of 200 μg/ml. 10~14 μM of nitric acid were generated when Fr. NaCl was added to RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 50~500 μg/ml, while the control group produced 4.3 μM of nitric oxide. The Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH increased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-2 and IL-6 by more than 1.4 times compared with the control group. The Fr. of MeOH increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by 3.0 and 2.0 folds compared with the control at the concentration of 50 μg/ml, respectively. Therefore, the crude polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa could improve antitumor activity of mice.

능이버섯의 항고혈압 활성과 항통풍 활성

강민구 ( Min Gu Kang ),( Zanabaatar Bolormaa ),이종석 ( Jong Seok Lee ),서건식 ( Geon Sik Seo ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

We collected wild mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus from Deogyu Mt. of Muju, Jeollabuk-do and physiological functionalities of its water extract were investigated. The water extracts from S. aspratus showed the highest antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 74.3% and also showed high anti-gout xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity (59.6%). However, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was very low (17.3%), and antioxidant activity and SOD-likely activity were not detected. The ACE inhibitory activity of S. aspratus fruiting body was the highest when powder of the fruiting body was shaked at 30℃ for 24 h by distilled water. Furthermore, the XOD inhibitory activity was also the highest by extraction at 50℃ for 24 h with water.

표고 교잡균주들의 세포외 Laccase 활성 검출에 미치는 배지성상과 발색반응 시약의 영향 분석

김준영 ( Jun Young Kim ),권혁우 ( Hyuk Woo Kwon ),당룡장 ( Long Qing Tang ),고한규 ( Han Kyu Ko ),김성환 ( Seong Hwan Kim ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Breeding of Lentinula edodes generates a number of hybrid strains that are subject to evaluation for good traits for the mushroom production. As an effort to understand biochemical properties of the hybrid strains, this study tried to develop a fast and easy method for comparison of the ability of producing extracellular laccase among hybrid strains of Lentinula edodes. For this aim, we estimated the effect of media types and chromagenic chemicals on the detection of extracellular laccase in seven hybrid strains of L. edodes. When Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye was used for chromagenic reaction, the detection of the enzyme activity was feasible both in the solid and liquid media containing not potato dextrose but malt extract as a nutrient component. When guaiacol was used for chromagenic reaction, the detection of the enzyme activity was feasible both in the solid and liquid media containing either potato dextrose or malt extract as a nutrient component. Malt extract-based liquid culture with RBBR or guaiacol in 2 ml microfuge tube allowed us to economically and quantitatively detect and compare the enzyme activity within 3 days among the tested hybrid strains of L. edodes.

신령버섯(Agaricus brasiliensis) 자실체 추출 조다당류의 항암 및 면역증강 작용

차윤정 ( Youn Jeong Cha ),김정화 ( Jeong Hwa Kim ),이태수 ( Tae Soo Lee ),이우윤 ( U Youn Lee ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Agaricus brasiliensis, one of edible mushroom belonging to Basidiomycota, has been used for curing gastric ulcer and stomach cancer of human beings and also known to have good inhibitory effects on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were prepared from fruiting body of the mushroom. β-glucan and total protein contents were identify from fractions of edible mushrooms extract. The β-glucan and protein contents of all fractions of the mushrooms ranged from 21.54~32.31% and 0.16~9.34%, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3 and RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 10~2000 μg/ml. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of 18.8~50.6% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. HW increased the numbers of spleen cell by 1.2 fold at the concentration of 200 μg/ml compared with control. Fr. MeOH and Na improved the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.6 fold compared with control at the concentration of 50~500 μg/ml. Fr. Na generated 15.9 μM of nitric oxide (NO) when cultured with RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 200 μg/ml, while lipopolysaccharide, a positive control, produced 3.7 μM. The Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH increased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-2 and IL-6 by 2.2 times compared with the control group. Fr. Na increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells by 4 folds at the concentration of 50mg/kg compared with control. Circulating leukocytes increased by 2.7 folds when Fr. HW from A. brasiliensis was inoculated at the concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight. The hematological and blood chemical analysis of the 3 fractions did not show any difference in blood compositions and enzyme activities compared with the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, the experimental results suggested that crude polysaccharides extracted from A. brasiliensis contain antitumor and immuno-potentiating activities against Sarcoma 180 in ICR mice.

단보 : 진균 발효제 Rhizopus stolonifier No. 17과 알콜 발효성 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 제조한 항고혈압성 전통주의 간 독성

강민구 ( Min Gu Kang ),김재호 ( Jae Ho Kim ),안병학 ( Byung Hak Ahn ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

To investigate liver toxicity of traditional rice wine, traditional rice wine was prepared by using cooked rice, Rhizopus stolonifier No. 17 nuruk and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After concentrated the traditional rice wine, it was orally administered into Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and then changes of its body weight and biochemical parameters of the blood were investigated. All of male and female SD rats did not show any changes in its body weight during two weeks after administering the traditional rice wine concentrates and also biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT of GOT) and alkaline phosphatase activity were not different compared to control. This results indicated that the traditional rice wine has not any toxicity.

끈적긴뿌리버섯(Oudemansiella mucida)의 최적배양조건 및 배양 추출액의 항균작용에 관한 연구

최미례 ( Mi Ryue Choi ),조해진 ( Hae Jin Cho ),이재성 ( Jae Seong Lee ),김혜영 ( Hye Young Kim ),이태수 ( Tae Soo Lee ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

Oudemansiella mucida, an edible and medicinal mushrooms belonging to Tricholomataceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to produce antifungal substances to inhibit the mycelial growth and spore germination of the plant pathogenic fungi. To produce good amount of antifungal substances from culture media, the optimal culture conditions of O. mucida were investigated. The most favorable conditions for the mycelial growth were 25℃ and pH 5 in potato dextrose agar. The most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources promoting mycelial growth were maltose and calcium nitrate, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was about 20 : 1 in case that 3% glucose was supplemented to the basal medium as a carbon source. The optimal mycelial growth of O. mucida was found in the Hennerberg medium. The crude extract from submerged culture of potato dextrose broth exhibited inhibition of mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum, Botrytis cinerea and Pyricularia oryzae but, fungicidal activity is not good enough to compared with commercially available fungicides tested. Therefore, the antifungal substances extracted from submerged culture of O. mucida might have a potential to be used for biocontrol agent of fungal diseases of plants.