A method of X-ray source spectrum estimation from transmission measurements based on compressed sensing

Liu Bin,Yang Hongrun,Lv Huanwen,Li Lan,Gao Xilong,Zhu Jianping,Jing Futing 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.7

A new method of X-ray source spectrum estimation based on compressed sensing is proposed in this paper. The algorithm K-SVD is applied for sparse representation. Nonnegative constraints are added by modifying the L1 reconstruction algorithm proposed by Rosset and Zhu. The estimation method is demonstrated on simulated spectra typical of mammography and CT. X-ray spectra are simulated with the Monte Carlo code Geant4. The proposed method is successfully applied to highly ill conditioned and under determined estimation problems with a good performance of suppressing noises. Results with acceptable accuracies (MSE < 5%) can be obtained with 10% Gaussian white noises added to the simulated experimental data. The biggest difference between the proposed method and the existing methods is that multiple prior knowledge of X-ray spectra can be included in one dictionary, which is meaningful for obtaining the true X-ray spectrum from the measurements.

中國湖南報業發展戰略硏究

彭祝斌,彭福楊,梁媛 한국중국문화학회 2001 中國學論叢 Vol.12 No.-

본 논문은 중국 湖甫雀 신문업계의 기본 상황, 인재개발, 매체 자원배치,뉴스, 광고 자원과 여러 시장 등의 5개 방면의 고찰을 통하여, 중국호남 신문업계의 발전과정에 존재하는 문제를 분석하고 더 나아가서는 심층있게 토의하고 중국 湖南省 신문업계의 발전 대책을 제기하는데 있다.본 고는 중국 호남성의 신문업계발전의 기본적인 現狀은 우세한 면도 있지만, 문제점도 안고 있다: 국내외 경제발전의 추세, 적극적이고 은전한 문화산업의 발전 정책, 유구한 湖湘문화의 축적, 우량한 신문전통과 비교적 양호한 신문업계의 기초, 동서로 연결되는 지리자연환경, 풍부한 인구 자원및 광대한 수요시장 공간 및 사회입문이후 가져올 발전 기회등, 모두 湖南省 신문업계가 지니고 있는 우세한 측면이라고 간주되는 동시에, 적지 않은문제점을 안고 있다. 이러한 문제를 요약정리해보면 아래의 5개 방면으로 볼 수 있다: 1.인제개발의 정체 2.매체자원의 배치 불합리. 3.신문뉴스의 빈곤. 4.광고 자원의 결핍. 5.수요시장의 발육 불충분. 상술한 내용을 존재하는 문제에 대하여 본문에서는 호남성 신문업체의 발전 문제에 대하여 다섯 가지의 기본전략을 제기하였다: 1.인재개발 전략: 인재관념을 바꾸며 인재체제를 개혁하고, 후배인재기지구축을 강화함. 2.매개전략을 재조직: 자원배치를 우량화하고 다종 경영을 실시하며 매체 실력을 강화함. 3.뉴스자원의 개발전략: 본거지에 입각하여 전국을 확대하며, 뉴스 자원을 충분하게 발굴한다. 4.광고 발전 전략: 경영이념을 갱신하고 경영방식을 개진한다. 또 광고시장의 이익을 확대한다. 5.수요시장전략: 신문 지명도를 높이고 발행제도를 개혁하여 수요시장을 적극적으로 육성한다.

대장에 발생한 샘암종에서 MUC1과 MUC2 점소 발현의 의의

이윤경,이주호,이용,심재영,박정훈,오수섭,박진실,기근홍 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.2

Background : Mucins possess the unique function of protecting and lubricating the epithelial surface and other important functions such as call growth, direct implication in the fetal development, the epithelial renewal and differentiation, the epithelial integrity, carcinogenesis, immune regulation, cellular adhesion and metastasis. Purpose : This study was done to provide the significance of alteration of MUC1 and MUC2 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma, A series of 131 colorectal adenocarcinomas including 11 mucinous carcinomas were screened immunohistochemically for their expression of MUCI and MUC2, Materials and mehtods : Of 131 carcinomas, 76 (58,5%) were MUCI positive and 91 (68, 9%) were MUC2 positive, In normal colonic goblet cells, MUCl was not expressed but MUC2 was expressed in cytoplasm, Conclusion There were up-regulation of MUCI and down-regulation of MUC2 in colorectal carcinomas, The frequency of MUC2 positivity according to differentiation was statistically reliable. (p=0.0001)

A NOVEL FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL OF Ag-S$i_3N_4$ NANOSTRUCTURED COMPOSITE

Zhu, Zhu, Yi-Hun,Zhu, Zhu, Hong-Jie,Han, Han, Jin-Yi,Hu, Li-Ming 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.1

$Ag-Si_3N_4$ nanostrutured composite has been investigated. The results show that it exhibits some novel properties such as strong piezpelectricity and high dielectricity. It can be constituted a battery using graphite and aluminum as the positive and the negative electrodes, respectively. The origins of these properties have been discussed.

Interpretation of 'Necessity Test' under GATT Article XX and Regulation Autonomy after Brazil‐Tyres Case

Zhu, Zhu;Lee, Eun Sup 법무부 2010 통상법률 Vol.- No.96

WTO Members are entitled to enjoy regulatory autonomy to pursue specific and innovative solutions to their domestic problems, while their regulatory autonomy is required to be regulated properly in the context of the international legal and multilateral trading system. Thus, in terms of 'necessity test' , in disputed cases, panels should carefully examine the establishment of the facts that closely related to policy aims, the level of protection, characteristics of the measure at issue and reasonably available alternatives, and actively weight of the persuasiveness of the quality and quantity of evidence, rather than drawing conclusions in lights of theories. Positive conclusions towards 'necessity test' might be welcomed, particularly, by the environmental groups within the WTO. However, careless assessment attempted by WTO adjudicating bodies in juridical examination process could undermine the basis of the WTO system, as well as the legal stability and predictability of its judicial determinations. Besides, being easy to pass the 'necessity test' does not necessarily imply that the WTO adjudicating body provides Members with more regulatory autonomy because restrict requirements has been transferred to scrutiny conducted under the chapeau of Article XX, which has been evidenced in the disputes including Brazil‐Tyres case. WTO 체제하에서 회원국들에게 그들의 국내 환경 또는 건강문제를 해결할 수 있도록 자치권을 부여해야 하겠지만 WTO의 사법적 시스템의 측면에서 보면 다자적 통제없이, 회원국들에게 이런 자치권을 자유방임적으로 보장하면 WTO 통상체제의 유지가 불가능해질 것이다. 통상분쟁의 절차과정에서, '필요성 테스트' 를 함에 있어서, WTO패널은 제소된 회원국의 조치와 조치의 목표, 희망하는 보호수준, 문제된 조치의 특성, 그리고 대체 가능한 다른 조치와 관련한 사실 또는 분쟁당사국들이 제출한 증거에 대한 합리적이고 객관적인 검토를 하여야 한다. Brazil-Tyres사건에서와 같이, 구체적인 증거에 대한 검토 없이, 이론적인 가능성에 근거하여 '필요성 테스트' 를 하게 되면 WTO분쟁해결기구의 판결에 대한 신뢰와 예측 가능성을 훼손할 수 있다. '필요성 테스트' 에 관한 긍정적인 판결은 일견 환경론자들의 요구에 어느 정도 부응할 수 있는 긍정적인 면도 있다. 그러나 '필요성 테스트' 와 관련한 WTO분쟁해결기구의 신중하지 아니한 검토는 종국적으로는 WTO시스템의 기반을 약화시킬 수 있다. 더욱이 '필요성 테스트' 의 느슨한 검토절차는Brazil-Tyres 사건에서 보는바와 같이, 더 엄격한 심사기준을 GATT 20조 chapeau에 의한 심사로 이전시킬 수 있기 때문에 '필요성 테스트' 를 쉽게 통과시킨다고 하더라도 WTO분쟁해결기구가 WTO회원국에게 더 많은 규제 자치권을 부여하는 것을 의미하지는 않는다.

TC아파트

오피스ZHU(Office ZHU),주 시유(사진),구오 니낭(사진) 현대건축사 2019 마루 Vol.- No.208

Involvement of Arabidopsis HOS15 in histone deacetylation and cold tolerance.

Zhu, Jianhua,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Zhu, Yanmei,Sokolchik, Irina,Miyazaki, Saori,Zhu, Jian-Kang,Hasegawa, Paul M,Bohnert, Hans J,Shi, Huazhong,Yun, Dae-Jin,Bressan, Ray A National Academy of Sciences 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.105 No.12

<P>Histone modification in chromatin is one of the key control points in gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. Protein complexes composed of histone acetyltransferase or deacetylase, WD40 repeat protein, and many other components have been implicated in this process. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of HOS15, a WD40-repeat protein crucial for repression of genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance through histone deacetylation in Arabidopsis. HOS15 shares high sequence similarity with human transducin-beta like protein (TBL), a component of a repressor protein complex involved in histone deacetylation. Mutation of the HOS15 gene renders mutant plants hypersensitive to freezing temperatures. HOS15 is localized in the nucleus and specifically interacts with histone H4. The level of acetylated histone H4 is higher in the hos15 mutant than in WT plants. Moreover, the stress inducible RD29A promoter is hyperinduced and associated with a substantially higher level of acetylated histone H4 in the hos15 mutant under cold stress conditions. Our results suggest a critical role for gene activation/repression by histone acetylation/deacetylation in plant acclimation and tolerance to cold stress.</P>

An Enhancer Mutant of Arabidopsis salt overly sensitive 3 Mediates both Ion Homeostasis and the Oxidative Stress Response

Zhu, Jianhua,Fu, Xinmiao,Koo, Yoon Duck,Zhu, Jian-Kang,Jenney Jr., Francis E.,Adams, Michael W. W.,Zhu, Yanmei,Shi, Huazhong,Yun, Dae-Jin,Hasegawa, Paul M.,Bressan, Ray A. American Society for Microbiology 2007 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.27 No.14

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The myristoylated calcium sensor SOS3 and its interacting protein kinase, SOS2, play critical regulatory roles in salt tolerance. Mutations in either of these proteins render <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> plants hypersensitive to salt stress. We report here the isolation and characterization of a mutant called <I>enh1-1</I> that enhances the salt sensitivity of <I>sos3-1</I> and also causes increased salt sensitivity by itself. <I>ENH1</I> encodes a chloroplast-localized protein with a PDZ domain at the N-terminal region and a rubredoxin domain in the C-terminal part. Rubredoxins are known to be involved in the reduction of superoxide in some anaerobic bacteria. The <I>enh1-1</I> mutation causes enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly under salt stress. ROS also accumulate to higher levels in <I>sos2-1</I> but not in <I>sos3-1</I> mutants. The <I>enh1-1</I> mutation does not enhance <I>sos2-1</I> phenotypes. Also, <I>enh1-1</I> and <I>sos2-1</I> mutants, but not <I>sos3-1</I> mutants, show increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. These results indicate that ENH1 functions in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species resulting from salt stress by participating in a new salt tolerance pathway that may involve SOS2 but not SOS3.</P>

Interpretation of “Necessity Test” under GATT Article XX and Regulation Autonomy after Brazil-Tyres Case

Zhu Zhu(주주),Lee Eun-Sup(이은섭) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2010 통상법률 Vol.- No.96

WTO Members are entitled to enjoy regulatory autonomy to pursue specific and innovative solutions to their domestic problems, while their regulatory autonomy is required to be regulated properly in the context of the international legal and multilateral trading system. Thus, in terms of “necessity test”, in disputed cases, panels should carefully examine the establishment of the facts that closely related to policy aims, the level of protection, characteristics of the measure at issue and reasonably available alternatives, and actively weight of the persuasiveness of the quality and quantity of evidence, rather than drawing conclusions in lights of theories. Positive conclusions towards “necessity test” might be welcomed, particularly, by the environmental groups within the WTO. However, careless assessment attempted by WTO adjudicating bodies in juridical examination process could undermine the basis of the WTO system, as well as the legal stability and predictability of its judicial determinations. Besides, being easy to pass the “necessity test” does not necessarily imply that the WTO adjudicating body provides Members with more regulatory autonomy because restrict requirements has been transferred to scrutiny conducted under the chapeau of Article XX, which has been evidenced in the disputes including Brazil-Tyres case.

TC아파트

오피스ZHU(Office ZHU),주 시유(사진),구오 니낭(사진) 현대건축사 2019 (월간)Maru Vol.- No.208