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The Concept of God in Childern’s Prayer
Youngju Kim 한국기독교교육정보학회 2008 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.13
This study researched the concept of God in children's prayer. It starts with the recognized problem in prayer life; children are mostly talking to God in prayer and not listening to God. If prayer defines communication with God, it should be dialogue, not just a monologue. This study seeks to identify this problem of an incorrect concept children have of only speaking to God, and teach the concept of a God who speaks to children in their prayers. This study deals with previous studies on children's concepts of God relative to anthropomorphic views, and the personality of God who is speaking in prayer. In the theological study, it deals with the definition of prayer, characteristics of God in prayer, biblical examples of practicing dialogue prayer, prayer as it relates to children in the Bible, and the work of the Holy Spirit in prayer. Lastly, this study suggests implications and recommendations for educational ministers, Sunday school teachers, and Christian educators serving 9 to 12 years olds, Sunday school publishers, Christian families, and future researchers.
Young-Ju Kim 대한건축학회 2013 Architectural research Vol.15 No.4
Since Modern Movement flexibility has been one of the most attractive words in architecture. However, “overprovision first, division later” has been the most prevailing design method for spatial flexibility, and many of buildings designed for flexible use are practically quite inflexible due to insufficient building systems or/and irresponsible planning. There have been two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence. These two approaches, which point contradictory directions, actually reflect the difficulty in providing a proper form of architectural flexibility. Multi-functionality can afford changeable environments with satisfying spatial conditions; however it lacks tolerance to accommodate other uses but intended functions by architects. Meanwhile, flexibility by a polyvalent form relies on the vague anticipation of user’s various interpretations. In this study by looking up these two different standpoints and historical precedents flexibility in architecture is carefully scrutinized focused on the contradiction, and as an alternative for architectural flexibility contextual relations is proposed. Unlike both multi-functionality and polyvalence, which produce flexibility by changing its own properties, manipulating contextual relations infuses flexibility into space by changing the properties of a building, not of its individual room. By using this contextual relations method, a community-centered school in Manhattan, NY, which was in danger of being closed because of its academic failure, is represented as a flexible space.
Performance Analysis of Two-Tier Femtocell Networks with Outage Constraints
Youngju Kim,Sungeun Lee,Daesik Hong IEEE 2010 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.9 No.9
<P>This paper investigates the performance of two-tier femtocell networks with cochannel femtocell deployment while considering cellular geometry and cross-tier interference in downlink. We derive the per-tier outage probability by introducing a simplified mathematical model that provides closely approximate femtocell interference distribution. Based on the outage probability analysis, we also derive the transmission capacity that represents the total capacity of the cochannel two-tier networks with outage constraints. The performance analysis provides an accurate characterization of the outage probability and the transmission capacity, accounting for the density of randomly scattered femtocells and femtocell transmission power.</P>
Effect of Stiffener Details on Behavior of CFT Column-to-Beam Connections
Young-Ju Kim,신경재,김화중 한국강구조학회 2008 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.8 No.2
The objective of this research is to understand stress-transfer mechanism of concrete-filed tube (CFT) column-to-beamconnections with external T-stiffener by using a nonlinear finite element analysis and to offer basic data for the design of T-stiffener connection. Firstly, the same shapes of the ful-scale test specimens were modeled for the finite element analysis to(TS series), T-stiffener with a dog bone (TSD series), i.e., reduced beam section (RBS cutout), and T-stiffener with holes inhorizontal element (TSH series). Results of the nonlinear finite element analysis were compared with the test results. Secondly,a parametric study was conducted to investigate an alternative plan that decreases the concentration of stress in the conection.The main parameters were the types of horizontal elements, the ratio of horizontal and vertical element strength to beammechanism of the conection with various T-stifeners parameters. The basic design ideas are recomended based on variousperformance indices in relation to the conection details.
Area Spectral Efficiency of Shared Spectrum Hierarchical Cell Structure Networks
Youngju Kim,Taehoon Kwon,Daesik Hong IEEE 2010 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY Vol.59 No.8
<P>This paper investigates the hierarchical cell structure (HCS) network consisting of macrocell and local area cell layers with partial cochannel sharing. We derive the ergodic capacity for each layer under cross-layer interference considering network-unplanned local area cell distribution. Based on the ergodic capacities, we also derive the area spectral efficiency (ASE) of the HCS network and investigate the optimum partial cochannel sharing that maximizes the ASE. It is confirmed that the maximum ASE is unchanged for a variable number of local area cells. Moreover, the spatial reuse benefit from the partial cochannel sharing is shown to be significant.</P>