Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

남자 고등학교 세팍타크로 경기의 공격기술에 관한 분석 연구

김영호,고문석,제임스전,이영익,차정훈,현종건,김범수,임종만,이석인 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

This research aims at analysis of attack technique in sepaktakraw games. For this purpose, 3 high school coaches observed and recorded each game Five times in videos of high school male players' thirty games in 2003. The conclusion from the analysis of the recorded data are as follows. 1. Scissors spike was the most popular (favorite) attack technique. Rolling spike, tapping spike and heading spike was popular in order. 2. Heading spike showed the highest success rate (73.5%) in attack technique. And tapping spike (69.5%), scissors spike (57.8%) and rolling spike (67.11) showed a lower success rate in order. In failure rate, heading spike (5.5%), tapping spike (36.5%), scissors spike (32.2%) and rolling spike (32.9%) had a higher percentage in order. 3. When receive was stable, the success rate in attach technique was 47.1%, the failure rate was 20.1%. On the other hand, when receive was unstable, the success rate in attach technique was 16.5%, the failure rate was 14.3%.

복합열화환경 하에서의 단면복구재의 철근부식특성 평가에 관한 실험적 연구

김영덕,박종호,조봉석,김용로,권영진,김무한 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

The duties of the restorative material are to bear up against stress and to protect reinforcement corrosion. So the restorative material are estimated by various kinds of strength, permeability and etc. But to evaluate performance of the restorative material accurately, it is necessary to estimate their reinforcement corrosion directly in environment of combined deterioration. In this study, to evaluate performance of restorative materials, we compare their properties in terms of compressive and bending strength and permeability of water and air with actual reinforcement corrosion like ratio of corrosion area, weight reduction and corrosion velocity of steel bar under environment of complex deterioration. The results showed that strength and permeability of restorative materials are similar but their reinforcement corrosions are very different. And there is a case that strength and permeability of restorative material are better than normal concrete but reinforcement corrosions are worse.

호흡기 감염에서 Sparfloxacin 의 임상적 유용성에 대한 Enoxacin과의 비교 검토

김주옥,김선영,김관형,서지원,박석영,이종진,박성학 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

목적:폐렴, 기관지염, 만성기관지염에서 fluoroquinolone제제로서 항균력이 강하고, 혈중 반감기가 길고, 객담과 조직내 농도가 높은 sparfloxacin의 안전성과 효과를 enoxacin과 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 시행 하였다. 방법:1994년 10월부터 1995년 4월까지 충남대 부속병원과 대전 성모병원에 내원한 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염이 급성으로 악화된 환자 63명을 대조군(32명)(enoxacin 100 mg 1일 3회 경구투여), 실험군(31명)(sparfloxacin 200mg 1일 1회 경구투여)으로 나누어 임상증상, 세균학적 객담 검사, 혈액검사, 실험실내 항균력검사로 그 치료율 및 안전성을 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 임상종합 평가, 세균학적 균소실, 안전성, 유용성에서 두군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 2) 시험관내 항균력검사상 MIC가 실험군이 대조군보다 현저하게 낮았다.(p<0.05). 3) 경미한 두통, 식욕감퇴, 상복부 불쾌감, 설사등이 대조군 9예, 실험군 7예에서 발생하였고, 검사실 소견상 SGOT 혹은 SGPT 의 일시적 경미한 상승이 대조군 2명, 실험군 3명에서, 혈중 creatinine 상승이 실험군 2명에서 있었으나 경미하였다. 결론:이상의 결과로 sparfloxacin은 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염의 악화에서 하루 한번 투여로 enoxacin 하루 3번 투여와 유사하게 효과적이고 안전하며, 시험관내 항균력이 enoxacin보다 월등히 우수하여 임상에서도 유용하게 사용될수 있을것으로 생각된다. Background: Sparfloxacin, a new oral quinolone, has a broad spectrum, potent antimicrobial activity, prolonged half life, high concentration in sputum. The clinical efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin have been reported by some previous clinical studies performed in Japan. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of this drug in respiratory tract infections compared to those of enoxacin. Methods:We performed an open controlled, randomized study in 63 patients with acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis at Chung Nam University hospital and Dae Jeon St. Mary's hospital from October, 1994 to April, 1995. In the control group(n=32), 100 mg enoxacin was administered orally 3 times a day and in the test group(n=31), 200 mg sparfloxacin once a day. Results: The results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical efficacy, bacteriological finding, and usefulness. 2) Means and SD of MICs were 0.44±0.89 ㎍/ml in the control group, 0.13±0.24 ㎍/ml in the test group. There was a significant difference in MICs between the two groups(p<0.05). 3) Headache, epigastric discomfort, and loss of appetite were observed in 7 cases of the control group and in 9 cases of the test group, and transient elevations of hepatic enzyme in 2 cases of the control group, and in 3 cases of the test group. There was mild elevation of serum creatinine in 2 cases of the test group. Those laboratory abnormalities by therapy might be associated with their underlying diseases. There were no significant adverse effects caused by the drugs Conclusion:In conclusion, sparfloxacin of 200 mg once a day was as effective and well tolerated as enoxacin of 100 mg three times per day in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Sparfloxacin is more potent antibiotics because MICs of sparfloxacin were very lower than those of enoxacin.

노치 형상 및 냉각속도에 따른 Zr-2.5Nb 압력관의 DHC거동

김상재,김영석,임경수,김성수,정용무 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The objective of this study is to investigate the delayed hydride cracking (DHC) velocity and the incubation time for the water-quenched and furnace-cooled Zr-2.5Nb tube with the different radius of a notch tip. DHC tests were carried out at constant K_1 of 20 MPa√m and 250℃ on the cantilever beam (CB) specimens subjected to furnace cooling or water quenching after electrolytic charging with 57 or 72 ppm hydrogen, respectively. An acoustic emission sensor was attached to the CB specimens to detect the incubation time before the start of DHC. The shape of the notch tip changed from the fatigue crack to the dull crack with its radius ranging from 0.1 to 0.15 mm. The DHC incubation time increased remarkably with the increasing radius of the notch tip, which appeared more strikingly on the furnace-cooled CB specimens than on the water-quenched ones. However, both furnace-cooled and water-quenched CB specimens indicated little change in the DHC velocity with the radius of the notch tip unless their notch tip exceeded 0.125mm. These results demonstrate that the uncleation rate of hydrides at the notch tip determines the incubation time and the DHC velocity becomes constant after the concentration of hydrogen at the notch tip reaches the terminal solid solubility for dissolution (TSSD). This observation agrees well with Kim's DHC model. A difference in the incubation time and the DHC velocity between the furnace-cooled and water-quenched specimens is discussed in terms of the uncleation rate of hydrides at the notch tip and the hysteresis of hydrogen solubility.

유니섹스모드 수용도와 성격 특성과의 관계 연구

김영숙,박은영,이영선,허영미,홍은영 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1985 家政大論集 Vol.4 No.-

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the relationship between theacceptance oF unisex mode and rigidity character and 2) to find out any significantdifference in the acceptance of unisex mode according to grade, major and sex. The questionnaires were administered to 133 female and 174 male college students. The results; 1. The accptance of unisex mode was not related with rigidity character. 2. The acceptance of female unisex mode was higher than male unisex mode. 3. Females showed higher tendency in the acceptance of unisex mode and fashioninnovativeness than males. 4. No significant differences were found in the acceptance of unisex mode accordingto grade and major level.

Characterization of the isotropic-distortional hardening model and its application to commercially pure titanium sheets

Pham, Quoc Tuan,Lee, Myoung Gyu,Kim, Young Suk Pergamon Press 2019 International journal of mechanical sciences Vol.160 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Commercially pure titanium sheets have been widely used in various industrial applications owing to their lightweight nature, superior formability, and excellent corrosion resistance. Previous studies showed that accurate modelling of material characteristics, such as anisotropic yield function and hardening, is essential for the simulation of sheet metal forming with titanium sheets. For example, the non-quadratic anisotropic yield function Yld2000-2d and the modified Kim–Tuan hardening model were used to model initial anisotropy and reproduce flow stress curves at large strains. However, even with these advanced constitutive models for describing the anisotropic behavior of sheet metals, further improvement is necessary to simulate anisotropy evolution, or distortional hardening, in pure titanium sheets. In this study, distortional hardening was experimentally measured under both uniaxial and balanced biaxial loading conditions. Moreover, the evolution of the Yld2000-2d function was modelled as a function of equivalent plastic work. For validation, the developed material models were applied in finite element simulations to analyse deformation behavior in uniaxial tension, hydraulic bulge, and punch-stretching tests. It was confirmed that this approach accurately described material response during these three tests.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Experimental observation of distortional hardening behaviour and three-stage deformation behavior for a pure titanium sheet. </LI> <LI> A procedure to reproduce these material behaviours for the tested material by using an evolutionary yld2000-2d yield function and modified Kim–Tuan hardening law. </LI> <LI> Simulation results of uniaxial tensile tests, hydraulic bulge test, and punch-stretching tests match well with experimental data. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

New Stress-Strain Model for Identifying Plastic Deformation Behavior of Sheet Materials

김영석(Young Suk Kim),팜콕트완(Quoc Tuan Pham),김찬일(Chan Il Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2017 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.34 No.4

In sheet metal forming numerical analysis, the strain hardening equation has a significant effect on calculation results, especially in the field of spring-back. This study introduces the Kim-Tuan strain hardening model. This model represents sheet material behavior over the entire strain hardening range. The proposed model is compared to other well known strain hardening models using a series of uniaxial tensile tests. These tests are performed to determine the stress-strain relationship for Al6016-T4, DP980, and CP Ti sheets. In addition, the Kim-Tuan model is used to integrate the CP Ti sheet strain hardening equation in ABAQUS analysis to predict spring-back amount in a bending test. These tests highlight the improved accuracy of the proposed equation in the numerical field. Bending tests to evaluate prediction accuracy are also performed and compared with numerical analysis results.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

數種의 市販 淸凉飮料에 依한 琺瑯質 脫灰效果

김영숙,신영림,송근배,김영진 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1992 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tooth enamel dissolution by commercial beverages. Five kinds of beverages(cola, cider, aquarius, boribori and sunkist orange) were selected for test medium and sixteen of extracted 3rd molar were used for tooth enamel specimens. The acidity of each beverage was determined with pH meter and the concentration of total glucose was checked with Glucose kit and U-V spectrophotometer. The dissolved calcium was determined by Atomic Absoprtion Spectrophotometer and the change of enamel surfaces were observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy(× 400 & × 1,000 magnification). All collected data were analyzed by one-way & two-way ANOVA in SPSS/PC^+ program. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The major containing acid type of cola beverage was phosphoric acid but the other beverages(cider, aquarius, boribori and sunkist) were citric acid. The pH of each beverage was lowest in cola and sport drink, cider, boribori, fruit juice in ascending order(F=205.85, p<0.001), the average pH of 5 kinds of beverage was 2.84 ±0.04, all beverages used in this experiment were low enough to decalcify the tooth enamel. The total glucose concentration of each beverage was 2.74% in aquarius, 2.78% in cider, 3.96% in sunkist, 4.23% in boribori and 4.27% in cola. 2. The average dissolved calcium concentration in 5cc of beverage was 1.54±0.12ppm/5㎖ of HNO_3 in cola, 1.76±0.38ppm in sunkist, 1.90±0.09ppm in boribori, 3.03±0.09ppm in aquarius, 3.59±0.38ppm in cider and the final calcium contents, which is extrated original calcium contents from total calcium contents after 120 minutes were highest in cola(1.27ppm) and aquarius(1.02ppm), cider(0.58ppm), sunkist(0.45ppm), boribori(0.33ppm) in the order(p<0.05). 3. The direct proportional relationship was not found between the degree of surface change on Scanning Electron Microscopy and the amount of dissolved calcium per immersion time. But the more the immerging time was lengthened, the more surface change was observed. The surface change of 120 minutes group was more remarkable than 30 and 60 minutes immerged group in each beverage.