자살과 정신 장애

제영묘 대한생물치료정신의학회 2004 생물치료정신의학 Vol.10 No.1

자살은 정신장애와 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있고, 정신장애를 가진 환자의 과도한 사망율에 기여한다. 이런 연관성을 자살에 대한 정신 부검 연구와 특정 질환의 자살 사망율을 연구함으로써 평가되어 왔다. 이런 접근법은 자살 당시에 자살자의 90% 이상에서 하나 이상의 정신장애를 가지고 있고, 어떤 정신장애는 자살 위험을 증가시킨다는 것이다. 자살에 있어서 아주 중요한 정신의학적 요인들은 우울장애, 물질사용장애, 정신분열병 등이며, 이에 관한 많은 연구들의 결과를 종합해 볼때, 대부분의 정신장애가 자살 혹은 자살 기도와 뚜렷한 관련이 있다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 자살과 정신장애에 관한 이전의 여러 문헌을 조사하여 자살과 정신장애의 연관성을 고찰해 보았다. Suicide has a strong association with mental disorder and contributes to the excess mortality of the mentally ill. This association has been assessed by 'psychological autopsy' of consecutive series of suicides and by studying the suicide mortality of particular disorders. These approaches have shown that more than 90% of persons who die from suicide satisfy the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders at the time they kill themselves and that certain mental illnesses have increased suicide risks. Highly significant psychiatric factors in suicide include depressive disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia and other mental disorders. Numerous studies have documented a strong association between mental disorders and suicide or suicide attempt. The purpose of this review article is to describe the nature of the relationship between suicide and mental disorders by searching of some previous suicide/mental disorder literature.

PCR을 이용한 국내시장에 유통중인 유전자재조합 콩 및 가공식품의 모니터링

김묘영,김재환,김현중,박선희,우건조,김해영 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.4

본 연구에서는 PCR을 이용하여 국내시장에 유통중인 원료콩과 가공식품에 epsps 또는 pat 유전자가 삽입된 유전자재조합 콩(GMS)의 사용여부를 모니터링하였다. 이러한 GMS의 검출을 위해 3쌍의 primer set을 제작하였고, 각각의 primer들은 GMS에 삽입된 유전자와 특이적으로 반응하여 PCR산물을 생성하였다. 2001년 표시제가 시행되기 이전에 생산된 총 가공식품과 이후의 제품에 대해 각각 모니터링을 수행하였으며, 표시제 이전에 생산된 제품의 경우 대부분의 미국산 원료에서 esps가 삽입된 GMS가 검출되었으나, 표시제 이후에는 검출되지 않았다. A method using PCR was developed for the monitoring of genetically modified soybean (GMS) and GMS derived foods utilized in the market. We designed 3 pairs of specific oligonucleotide primers based on epsps and pat inserted in GMS and ferritin gene as internal standards. Template DNAs isolated from soybean and processed foods were used for multiplex PCR with 3 primer sets. PCR, used with specific primer sets for GMS detection, showed the amplified DNA fragments with GMS template DNA. In this study, GMS containing epsps was detected from soy processed foods manufactured before GM food labeling system, however, GMS containing epsps or pat was not detected from soy processed foods manufactured after GM food labeling system.

24주간 추적하는 임상 연구에서 한국인 남자 알코올 의존 환자의 비재발률

강철중,김성곤,남궁기,조동환,이병욱,최인근,최용성,박성봉,제영묘,김현경,김성연 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1

Objetives : In order to provide useful data tbr the further clinical studies with Korean alcohol-dependent patients, enrollment and non-relapse rates were investigated while alcohol-dependent patients wcre followed up for 24 weeks. Methods : The subjects of this study were alcohol-dependent male patients who, for the first time, visited a hospital among 3 groups of hospitals, University Hospital, General Hospital or Mental Hospital, or those who needed to be followed up after discharge from those hospitals. After assigning 12 subjects to each hospital, we investigated enrollment and non-relapse rates while cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy were provided. Results : 1) Forty-eight patients were enrolled and the rate of enrollment was 36.4%. The enrollment rate in the University Hospital group was 52.1%, in the General Hospital group 50.0%. and in the Mental Hospital group 10.4%. 2) In 48 patients, non-relapse rate was 27.1% at 12 week and 18.8% at 24 weeks after starting follow-up. It was 24.4% and 20.0% at 12 and 24 weeks, repectively, in the University Hospital group while the General Hospital group showed 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively, and the Mental Hospital Group showed 20.0% at both 12 and 24 weeks. Conclusion : These results provide important data for further clinical studies of Korean alcohol-dependent patients.

Analysis of the Relationships Between ESD and DAP, and Image SNR⦁CNR According to the Frame Change of Cine Imaging in CAG : With Focus on 10 f/s and 15 f/s

Myo-Young Jung,Young-Hyun Seo,Jong-Nam Song,Jae-Bok Han 한국방사선학회 2018 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.5

X선 장비를 이용한 심장혈관 조영술 시 프레임 변화에 따른 입사 표면 선량과 흡수선량을 비교⦁분석하여 피폭의 차이를 알아보고자 하였고 image J를 통한 촬영 영상의 SNR과 CNR을 측정⦁분석하여 프레임 변화가 영상 화질에 주는 영향을 비롯해 검사에 있어 적절한 프레임 선택의 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 2017년 6월부터 2017년 10월까지 본원에서 CAG를 시행한 30명(남19, 여11)을 대상으로 하였고, 환자들의 연령대는 49-82세(평균 65±9세), 몸무게45-91kg (평균 67±8.9kg), 키 150-179cm (평균 165.1±8.9kg), BMI 19.5-30.5(평균 24.5±2.9)이었다. 입사표면선량 및 흡수선량은 후향적으로 Air kerma값과 DAP를 획득하여 비교․분석 하였고 SNR과 CNR은 Image J를 통하여 측정⦁분석 한 후 공식에 대입하여 결과 값을 도출하였다. 통계 분석을 통한 상관관계 확인을 위해 통계프로그램은 SPSS를 사용하여 프레임 변화에 따른 입사표면선량과 흡수선량 및 SNR ․ CNR의 상관관계 등을 분석하였다. 10프레임으로 촬영할 때와 15프레임으로 촬영 할 때 모두 입사표면선량과 흡수선량관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). SNR과 CNR의 관계에선 10프레임으로 촬영했을 때의 SNR(3.374±2.1297)과 CNR(0.234±0.2249)이 15프레임에서의 SNR(4.929±2.8532)과 CNR(0.391±0.3025)보다 SNR1.43±0.4861, CNR 0.132±0.0555로 낮았으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 상관관계 분석결과에서는 BMI와 air kerma, DAP간에, air kerma와 DAP간에, SNR과 CNR간에 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻었다(p<0.001, p<0.001). 결론적으로 심장혈관 조영술 시 10프레임과 15프레임으로 변화를 주어 촬영하여도 입사표면선량과 흡수선량은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 10프레임보다 15프레임 촬영에서의 SNR과 CNR이 증가하였으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았기에 본 논문을 통해 환자와 시술자 모두 10프레임과 15프레임 촬영으로 인한 X선 피폭 문제뿐 아니라 영상의 화질감소에 관한 우려 역시 줄어들 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to investigate the difference of X-ray exposure by comparing and analyzing entrance surface dose and absorbed dose according to the frame change in coronary angiography using an X-ray machine. Moreover, appropriate frame selection measures for examination, including the effect of frame change on the image quality, were sought by measuring and analyzing the SNR and CNR of the image through image J. The study was conducted on 30 patients (19 males and 11 females) who underwent CAG at this hospital from June 2017 to October 2017. In regard to the patients, their age range was 49-82 years (mean of 65±9 years), body weight was 45-91 kg (mean of 67±8.9 kg), height was 150-179cm (mean of 165.1±8.9 kg), and BMI was 19.5-30.5(mean of 24.5±2.9). For the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose, air kerma value and DAP were obtained and analyzed retrospectively. The SNR and CNR were measured and analyzed through imageJ, and the result values were derived by applying the values to the formula. As for the statistical analyses, the correlations between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose, and between the SNR and CNR were analyzed by using the SPSS statistical program. The relationship between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose was not statistically significant for both 10 f/s and 15 f/s (p>0.05). In terms of the relationship between the SNR and CNR, the SNR (3.374±2.1297) and CNR (0.234±0.2249) in 10 f/s were 1.43±0.4861 and 0.132±0.0555 lower, respectively, than the SNR (4.929±2.8532) and CNR (0.391±0.3025) in 15 f/s, which were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the correlation analysis, statistically significant results were obtained among the BMI, air kerma, and DAP; between air kerma and DAP; and between SNR and CNR (p<0.001, p<0.001). In conclusion, there was no significant difference between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose even when the images were taken by changing the frame from 10 f/s to 15 f/s at the time of the coronary angiography. SNR and CNR increased at 15 f/s than at 10 f/s, but they were not statistically significant. Therefore, this study suggests that the concern of the patient and practitioner regarding image quality degradation, as well as the problem of X-ray exposure caused by imaging at 10 f/s and 15 f/s, may be reduced.

Prior Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids and COVID-19 Risk and Mortality: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study

( Jae Chol Choi ),( Sun-young Jung ),( Una A. Yoon ),( Seung-hun You ),( Myo-song Kim ),( Moon Seong Baek ),( Jae-Woo Jung ),( Won-young Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Background There are concerns that inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) could increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and experiencing poor outcomes. Methods This nationwide population-based study evaluated 234427 individuals with COVID-19-related claims before May 15, 2020 in the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare the clinical outcomes between ICS users and nonusers. To evaluate susceptibility to COVID-19 among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, a nested case-control study was performed using the same database to examine the association between ICS use and COVID-19 diagnosis. Results In total, 7341 patients were confirmed to have COVID-19, including 114 ICS users and 7227 nonusers. Among 5910 patients who were hospitalized, death was observed for 9% of ICS users (9/101 patients) and 4% of nonusers (209/5809 patients) (p=0.01). However, this association was not significant when adjusted for age, sex, region, comorbidities, and hospital type (adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-2.07; p=0.88). Furthermore, ICS use was not associated with an increased risk of respiratory outcomes (respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). The case-control analysis of COPD compared 640 cases with COVID-19 to 2560 matched controls without COVID-19, and the analysis of asthma compared 90 cases with COVID-19 to 360 matched controls without COVID-19. Use of ICS was not significantly associated with COVID-19 among patients with COPD (adjusted OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.46-2.25; p=0.97) or asthma (adjusted OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.13-1.17; p=0.09). Conclusions Prior ICS use was not significantly associated with COVID-19 risk in patients with COPD or asthma, nor with mortality and respiratory outcomes among patients with COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no evidence to support discontinuation of ICS among patients with COPD and asthma.

심장혈관 조영술에서 씨네(cine)촬영의 프레임변화에 따른 ESD와 DAP 및 영상의 SNR·CNR 관계 분석: 10f/s과 15f/s을 중심으로

정묘영 ( Myo-young Jung ),서영현 ( Young-hyun Seo ),송종남 ( Jong-nam Song ),한재복 ( Jae-bok Han ) 한국방사선학회 2018 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.5

X선 장비를 이용한 심장혈관 조영술 시 프레임 변화에 따른 입사 표면 선량과 흡수선량을 비교·분석하여 피폭의 차이를 알아보고자 하였고 image J를 통한 촬영 영상의 SNR과 CNR을 측정·분석하여 프레임 변화가 영상 화질에 주는 영향을 비롯해 검사에 있어 적절한 프레임 선택의 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 2017년 6월부터 2017년 10월까지 본원에서 CAG를 시행한 30명(남19, 여11)을 대상으로 하였고, 환자들의 연령대는 49-82세(평균 65±9세), 몸무게45-91kg (평균 67±8.9kg), 키 150-179cm (평균 165.1±8.9kg), BMI 19.5-30.5(평균 24.5±2.9)이었다. 입사표면선량 및 흡수선량은 후향적으로 Air kerma값과 DAP를 획득하여 비교·분석 하였고 SNR과 CNR은 Image J를 통하여 측정·분석 한 후 공식에 대입하여 결과 값을 도출하였다. 통계분석을 통한 상관관계 확인을 위해 통계프로그램은 SPSS를 사용하여 프레임 변화에 따른 입사표면선량과 흡수선량 및 SNR · CNR의 상관관계 등을 분석하였다. 10프레임으로 촬영할 때와 15프레임으로 촬영 할 때 모두 입사표면선량과 흡수선량관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). SNR과 CNR의 관계에선 10프레임으로 촬영했을 때의 SNR(3.374±2.1297)과 CNR(0.234±0.2249)이 15프레임에서의 SNR(4.929±2.8532)과 CNR(0.391±0.3025)보다 SNR1.43±0.4861, CNR 0.132±0.0555로 낮았으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 상관관계 분석결과에서는 BMI와 air kerma, DAP간에, air kerma와 DAP간에, SNR과 CNR간에 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻었다(p<0.001, p<0.001). 결론적으로 심장혈관 조영술 시 10프레임과 15프레임으로 변화를 주어 촬영하여도 입사표면선량과 흡수선량은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 10프레임보다 15프레임 촬영에서의 SNR과 CNR이 증가하였으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았기에 본 논문을 통해 환자와 시술자 모두 10프레임과 15프레임 촬영으로 인한 X선 피폭 문제뿐 아니라 영상의 화질감소에 관한 우려 역시 줄어들 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to investigate the difference of X-ray exposure by comparing and analyzing entrance surface dose and absorbed dose according to the frame change in coronary angiography using an X-ray machine. Moreover, appropriate frame selection measures for examination, including the effect of frame change on the image quality, were sought by measuring and analyzing the SNR and CNR of the image through image J. The study was conducted on 30 patients (19 males and 11 females) who underwent CAG at this hospital from June 2017 to October 2017. In regard to the patients, their age range was 49-82 years (mean of 65±9 years), body weight was 45-91 kg (mean of 67±8.9 kg), height was 150-179cm (mean of 165.1±8.9 kg), and BMI was 19.5-30.5(mean of 24.5±2.9). For the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose, air kerma value and DAP were obtained and analyzed retrospectively. The SNR and CNR were measured and analyzed through imageJ, and the result values were derived by applying the values to the formula. As for the statistical analyses, the correlations between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose, and between the SNR and CNR were analyzed by using the SPSS statistical program. The relationship between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose was not statistically significant for both 10 f/s and 15 f/s (p>0.05). In terms of the relationship between the SNR and CNR, the SNR (3.374±2.1297) and CNR (0.234±0.2249) in 10 f/s were 1.43±0.4861 and 0.132±0.0555 lower, respectively, than the SNR (4.929±2.8532) and CNR (0.391±0.3025) in 15 f/s, which were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the correlation analysis, statistically significant results were obtained among the BMI, air kerma, and DAP; between air kerma and DAP; and between SNR and CNR (p<0.001, p<0.001). In conclusion, there was no significant difference between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose even when the images were taken by changing the frame from 10 f/s to 15 f/s at the time of the coronary angiography. SNR and CNR increased at 15 f/s than at 10 f/s, but they were not statistically significant. Therefore, this study suggests that the concern of the patient and practitioner regarding image quality degradation, as well as the problem of X-ray exposure caused by imaging at 10 f/s and 15 f/s, may be reduced.

뷰티 전문가의 자기관리가 자기효능감 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향

이재은(Jae—,Eun Lee),최중석(Joung–,Seuk Choi),성영환(Young-Whan Sung),이정희(Jung–,Hee Lee),김수영(Su-Young Kim),최묘선(Myo-Sun Choi),이영조(Young-Jo Lee),김현정(Hyun-Jung Kim),정기쁨(Ki-Bbeum Jung) 한국응용과학기술학회 (구.한국유화학회) 2021 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.38 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 뷰티 전문가의 자기관리가 자기효능감 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적 으로 분석하여 관계를 살펴보고, 향후 뷰티 전문가들의 자기 관리를 통한 자기 효능감과 경영성과 향상에 도움이 되기를 위함이다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 하였고, 그 결과 자기관리와 자기조절감, 도전감 간 상호 정(+)의 상관관계가 나타났고, 자기관리가 경영성 과, 환경성과, 고객성과, 시장성과에 통계적 유의하게 정(+)의 영향이 나타났으며, 자기효능감이 직무성과, 환경성과, 고객성과, 시장성과에 통계적 유의하게 정(+)의 영향을 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 자기관리에 대한 질적 향상을 통해 자기효능감과 경영성과에 기여할 수 있는 계기가 되길 바란다. The purpose of this research is to positively analyze the self-efficacy and the impact of self-management on business performance, and to help improve self-efficacy and business performance through self-management of beauty professionals. The analysis methods were frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, and as a result, there was a positive (+) correlation between self-management, self-regulation, and challenge. There was a statistically significant positive (+) effect on business performance, environmental performance, customer performance, and market performance, and self-efficacy had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on job performance, environmental performance, customer performance, and market performance. Was found to appear. Therefore, I hope that it will be an opportunity to contribute to self-efficacy and management performance through qualitative improvement in self-management.

심장혈관 조영술에서 씨네(cine)촬영의 프레임변화에 따른 ESD와 DAP 및 영상의 SNR⦁CNR 관계 분석: 10f/s과 15f/s을 중심 으로

정묘영(Myo-Young Jung),서영현(Young-Hyun Seo),송종남(Jong-Nam Song),한재복(Jae-Bok Han) 한국방사선학회 2018 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.5

X선 장비를 이용한 심장혈관 조영술 시 프레임 변화에 따른 입사 표면 선량과 흡수선량을 비교⦁분석하여 피폭의 차이를 알아보고자 하였고 image J를 통한 촬영 영상의 SNR과 CNR을 측정⦁분석하여 프레임 변화가 영상 화질에 주는 영향을 비롯해 검사에 있어 적절한 프레임 선택의 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 20 17년 6월부터 2017년 10월까지 본원에서 CAG를 시행한 30명(남19, 여11)을 대상으로 하였고, 환자들의 연령대는 49-82세(평균 65±9세), 몸무게45-91kg (평균 67±8.9kg), 키 150-179cm (평균 165.1±8.9kg), BMI 19.5-3 0.5(평균 24.5±2.9)이었다. 입사표면선량 및 흡수선량은 후향적으로 Air kerma값과 DAP를 획득하여 비교․분석 하였고 SNR과 CNR은 Image J를 통하여 측정⦁분석 한 후 공식에 대입하여 결과 값을 도출하였다. 통계 분석을 통한 상관관계 확인을 위해 통계프로그램은 SPSS를 사용하여 프레임 변화에 따른 입사표면선량과 흡수선량 및 SNR ․ CNR의 상관관계 등을 분석하였다. 10프레임으로 촬영할 때와 15프레임으로 촬영 할 때모두 입사표면선량과 흡수선량관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). SNR과 CNR의 관계에선 10프 레임으로 촬영했을 때의 SNR(3.374±2.1297)과 CNR(0.234±0.2249)이 15프레임에서의 SNR(4.929±2.8532)과 C NR(0.391±0.3025)보다 SNR1.43±0.4861, CNR 0.132±0.0555로 낮았으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다(p>0.0 5). 상관관계 분석결과에서는 BMI와 air kerma, DAP간에, air kerma와 DAP간에, SNR과 CNR간에 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻었다(p<0.001, p<0.001). 결론적으로 심장혈관 조영술 시 10프레임과 15프레임으로 변화를 주어 촬영하여도 입사표면선량과 흡수선량은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 10프레임보다 15프레임 촬영에서의 SNR과 CNR이 증가하였으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았기에 본 논문을 통해 환자와 시술자 모두 10프레임과 15프레임 촬영으로 인한 X선 피폭 문제뿐 아니라 영상의 화질감소에 관한 우려 역시 줄어들 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to investigate the difference of X-ray exposure by comparing and analyzing entrance surface dose and absorbed dose according to the frame change in coronary angiography using an X-ray machine. Moreover, appropriate frame selection measures for examination, including the effect of frame change on the image quality, were sought by measuring and analyzing the SNR and CNR of the image through image J. The study was conducted on 30 patients (19 males and 11 females) who underwent CAG at this hospital from June 2017 to October 2017. In regard to the patients, their age range was 49-82 years (mean of 65±9 years), body weight was 45-91 kg (mean of 67±8.9 kg), height was 150-179cm (mean of 165.1±8.9 kg), and BMI was 19.5-30.5(mean of 24.5±2.9). For the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose, air kerma value and DAP were obtained and analyzed retrospectively. The SNR and CNR were measured and analyzed through imageJ, and the result values were derived by applying the values to the formula. As for the statistical analyses, the correlations between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose, and between the SNR and CNR were analyzed by using the SPSS statistical program. The relationship between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose was not statistically significant for both 10 f/s and 15 f/s (p>0.05). In terms of the relationship between the SNR and CNR, the SNR (3.374±2.1297) and CNR (0.234±0.2249) in 10 f/s were 1.43±0.4861 and 0.132±0.0555 lower, respectively, than the SNR (4.929±2.8532) and CNR (0.391±0.3025) in 15 f/s, which were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the correlation analysis, statistically significant results were obtained among the BMI, air kerma, and DAP; between air kerma and DAP; and between SNR and CNR (p<0.001, p<0.001). In conclusion, there was no significant difference between the entrance surface dose and absorbed dose even when the images were taken by changing the frame from 10 f/s to 15 f/s at the time of the coronary angiography. SNR and CNR increased at 15 f/s than at 10 f/s, but they were not statistically significant. Therefore, this study suggests that the concern of the patient and practitioner regarding image quality degradation, as well as the problem of X-ray exposure caused by imaging at 10 f/s and 15 f/s, may be reduced.

남성화된 암컷 생쥐의 통각반응 양상과 에스트로겐-α 수용체의 발현 양상

제영묘(Young-Myo Jae),박제민(Je-Min Park),백선용(Sun-Yong Baek),최병무(Byung-Moo Choi),김명정(Myung-Jung Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2005 생물치료정신의학 Vol.11 No.1

암컷 생쥐를 출생 직후 테스토스테론에 노출시키면 성장 후 통각반응과 중추신경계 통각조절부위의 estrogen-α 수용체(ERα)의 발현에 영향을 주는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 갓 태어난 생쥐(Institute for Cancer Research)에게 생후 24시간 이내에 testosterone propionate 100㎍(남성화군) 혹은 sesame oil 50㎕(대조군)씩 복강내 주사하였다. 13주째에 각 군을 반으로 나누고 naloxone HCI 5㎎/㎏ 혹은 동량의 생리식염수를 복강내 주사하였다. 15분 뒤에 Tail immersion test로 통각예민도(TFL, sec)를 2회 측정하였다. 이어서 모든 군에게 testosterone propionate 1㎎/㎏씩 복강내 주사하고, 15분 후에 같은 방법으로 TFL을 측정하였다. 8개월 째 식염수 전처치군의 뇌를 적출하여 일차감각대뇌겉질, 시상, 중간뇌수도관주위회색질, 큰솔기핵 및 허리와 엉치척수분절 부위를 분리하였다. 각 부위별 ERα를 Western blot 분석으로 반정량하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 생리식염수 전처치군에서 대조-암컷은 기저 TFL과 테스토스테론 투여 후 TFL이 대조-수컷 보다 유의하게 예민하였다. 테스토스테론은 모든 군에서 TFL을 유의하게 연장시켰다. 날록손 전처치-대조-암컷은 수컷이나 남성화-암컷 보다 유의하게 예민하였다. 남성화-암컷은 기저 TFL이 수컷 보다 예민한 경향이 있었고, 날록손이 테스토스테론의 진통효과를 감소시키는 경향이 있었다. 그 외는 수컷과 유사한 반응을 보였다. 남성화-암컷은 대조-암컷 보다 사상의 ERα western band의 광 밀도가 낮은 경향이 있었다. 그 외 부위는 세 군간 차이가 없었다. 대조-암컷은 수컷이나 남성화-암컷에 비하여 다른 부위 보다 시상에 밀집되어 있고, 큰솔기핵에는 적었다. 남성화-암컷은 수컷에 비해 중간뇌수도관주위회색질의 밀도가 다른 부위에 비해 낮은 경향이 있었지만, 다른 부위는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 출생직후 암컷 생쥐를 테스토스테론에 노출시키면 통각에 대한 반응이나 중추신경계 통각조절 부위의 ERα 발현 양상이 수컷과 비슷해진다는 결론을 얻었다. Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal exposure to testosterone in female mice on the pain responses and the expression of estrogen-α receptors(ERα) in the pain control areas of the CNS in their later life. Methods : Testosterone propionate 100㎍ or sesame oil 50㎕ was injected intraperitoneally to neonatal mice within 24 hours after birth. In the 13th week of age, animals of each group(Androgenized-Female : AF ; Control-Female : CF ; Control-Male: CM) were divided into two and pretreated with naloxone HCI 5㎎/㎏ or saline 15 minutes before tail immersion test. Tall flick latencies(TFLs) were measured before and 15 min after administration of testosterone propionate 1㎎/㎏ i p.(intra-peritoneal) In the 8th month, mice were sacrificed and brains were dissected into primary sensory cortex, thalamus, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus and lumbosacral spinal cord. ER α protein was assayed by Western blot analysis. Results : In saline-pretreated groups, TFLs of CF measured before and after testosterone injection were significantly shorter than those of CM. Testosterone prolonged TFLs signficantly in all subgroups. Among naloxone-pretreated groups, CF was significantly more sensitive than CM and AF. TFL profiles of AF did not differ from that of CM, except that baseline TFLs were slightly shorter and naloxone seemed to decrease analgesic effect of testosterone in AF, though statistically not significant. 66kDa Western bands were detected in all 5 regions. Optic density(OD) of each area did not differ across 3 groups, except that OD of ER α In the thalamus in AF was lower than in CF. Percent OD of a region to sum of the 5 areas(OD%) showed significant difference in the thalamus and nucleus raphe magnus. CF showed higher OD% in the thalamus than in CM and AF, and lower OD% in nucleus raphe magnus than in CM and AF. Western bands profile of AF did not differ from that of CM. Conclusion : These findings suggested that the pain response patterns and the expression of ER α in the pain control areas of CNS are grossly similar between androgenized female and control male mice.

Switching Antipsychotics to Blonanserin in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Study

Young Sup Woo,Bo-Hyun Yoon,Bong-Hee Jeon,Jeong Seok Seo,Beomwoo Nam,Sang-Yeol Lee,Young-Myo Jae,Sae-Heon Jang,Hun-Jeong Eun,Seunghee Won,Kwang Hun Lee,Jong Hun Lee,Won-Myong Bahk 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.3

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of blonanserin in schizophrenic patients who were previously treated with other antipsychotics but, due to insufficient response, were switched to blonanserin. Methods: A total of 52 patients with schizophrenia who were unresponsive to treatment with antipsychotic monotherapy or combination therapy were recruited into this 12-week, open-label, prospective, multicenter study. Patients were switched to blonanserin from their existing antipsychotics over a maximum 2-week tapering-off period. Efficacy was primarily evaluated using the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Assessments were performed at baseline, and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. Results: Switching to blonanserin resulted in a significant decrease in the mean total score on the BPRS from baseline (56.8 ± 9.4) to week 12 (42.1 ± 13.8, p < 0.001). The most common adverse events were extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 12, 23.1%), insomnia (n = 10, 19.2%), and emotional arousal (n = 6, 11.5%). Overweight or obese patients (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2, n = 33) who switched to blonanserin exhibited significant weight loss from 75.2 ± 9.3 kg at baseline to 73.5 ± 9.2 kg at week 12 (p = 0.006). The total cholesterol (baseline, 236.1 ± 47.6 mg/dl; endpoint [week 12], 209.9 ± 28.0 mg/dl; p = 0.005) and prolactin levels (baseline, 80.0 ± 85.2 ng/ml; endpoint [week 12], 63.2 ± 88.9 ng/ml; p = 0.003) were also significantly improved in patients with hypercholesterolemia or hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that switching to blonanserin may be an effective strategy for schizophrenic patients unresponsive to other antipsychotic treatments.