Sound Analysis in an In Vitro Endotracheal Tube Model

( Young Sik Park ),( Young Wook Kee ),( Kwang Suk Park ),( Jin Woo Lee ),( Sang Min Lee ),( Jae Joon Yim ),( Chul Gyu Yoo ),( Young Whan Kim ),( Sung Koo Han ),( Seok Chul Yang1 ) 대한내과학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.26 No.4

Background/Aims: Complete endotracheal tube obstruction is a medical emergency, and partial occlusion causes increased breathing rates and failure to wean off mechanical ventilation. Partial occlusion may be underestimated due to the lack of proper detection methods. We tested whether the sound of an endotracheal tube could be used to detect an endotracheal tube obstruction using an in vitro model. Methods: An endotracheal tube was connected to a ventilator on one end and a test lung on the other. Sounds were recorded with a microphone located inside the endotracheal tube via a connector. During mechanical ventilation, we changed the endotracheal tube internal diameter from 5.0 to 8.0 mm and different grades of obstruction at different sites were used along the tube. Sound energy was compared among the different conditions. Results: The energy of endotracheal tube sounds was positively correlated with the internal diameter and negatively correlated with the degree of obstruction. The rate of decline in energy differed with obstruction location. When the obstruction was more distal, the rate of decline in endotracheal sound energy was more rapid. Conclusions: Changes in the sound of an endotracheal tube can be used to detect an obstruction. Further studies are needed for clinical application.

포도당과 이소프로테레놀에 의한 시상하부의 소마토스타틴 분비가 갑상선자극호르몬방출호르몬에 의한 갑상선자극호르몬에 미치는 효과

박철영,양인명,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설,최영길 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

연소진동의 발생과 그 진단 기술에 관한 연구

양영준,이치우 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2007 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.14

Self-excited combustion oscillation has been occurred many industrial facilities, for example, such as boilers, gas turbines and various engines. The generation of self-excited combustion oscillation often leads to system destruction as well as environmental problem like noise. In order to predict the onset of self-excited combustion oscillation, detecting method of self-excited combustion oscillation was experimentally examined. For this purpose, the unique measures, which were based on the careful statistics of fluctuating properties in flames, were performed using pressure transducer and CCD camera.

다극형 스파크 �b과 다중평행판 축전기형 전송회로를 사용한 질소레이저의 동작특성

장철용,박영수,양준목,이치원 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.1

We have studied on the operational characteristics of a nitrogen laser which was coupled with a multiplex parallel capacitor type Blumlein transmission line circuit and a multiplex sparkgap. This spark gap consisted of 8 pairs of electrode and was 50 ㎝ in length, as long as the laser tube. According to increasing the number of electrodes in the spark gaps up to the 6 pairs, the output power and stability of the laser was increased. It was to be improved that the multiplex spark gap was operated as a good peformance to the nitrogen laser system. The optimum operational condition of the nitrogen laser at 20㎐ of repetition rate could be obtained with the nitrogen gas pressure of 80 torr, E/P value of 325.0 v/㎝ torr at the electrodes spacing 5.0 ㎜ and of 90 torr, E/P value of 311.1 v/㎝ torr at the electrodes spacing 6.0 ㎜ respectively.

급성충소돌기염의 임상 : 병리학적 고찰

양기화,조준필,하영천,한진우,정학재,손수창,이성희,황재훈,신철호 최신의학사 1989 最新醫學 Vol.32 No.4

닭의 장풀의 수경재배시 적정 pH 및 질소량 분석

양용준,김영식 덕성여자대학교 식물자원연구소 1993 植物資源硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 닭의장풀의 생육에 미치는 배양액내 NH_4NO_3 농도와 여러 pH값의 효과를 구명함으로써 수경재배시 적합한 배양액내 적정 pH와 질소농도를 밝히는데 목적이 있으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생육중 배양액 pH는 생육전반기 및 배양액 교환초기(2일간)에는 상승하다가 생육후반기 및 배양액 교환 후 (3-5일간)에는 급격히 감소하였다. 2. 재배기간이 경과함에 따라 초장이 신장되고 엽수가 증가하였는데 이러한 경향은 배양액중 처리 질소농도가 높을수록 뚜렷하였다. 3. 생체중과 건물중은 생육중 크게 증가하였으나 pH값(1-6)과 NH_4NO_3 농도에 의해 영향은 인정되지 않았다. 4. Relative growth rate(RGR)는 1M일 때가 6M 보다 약간 높았으며 생육전반기가 후반기보다 높았다 5. NO_3 농도는 매주 처리후 시간이 경과할수록 감소되었는데, 6M의 pH 7에서 잔류량이 가장 높고 1M의 pH 5에서 가장 낮았다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of NH_4NO_3 concentrations and different solution pHs on growth of Commelina communis and remaining NO_3 contents in nutrient solution. The objects of this research was to reveal the optimum pH value and nitrogen concentration in hydroponic medium. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The solution pH value tended to increase until 2 days after each medium exchange weekly and the first 2 weeks after planting, after then decreased largely. 2) Growth in plant height and development in number of leaves accelerated with adding the hydroponically cultured period and increasing the nitrogen concentration. 3) Fresh and dryweight were markedly influenced by pH values(1 or 6) and NH_4NO_3 concentrations in nutrient solution. 4) Relative growth rate(RGR) showed the highest value at 1M NH_4NO_3 concentrations in nutrient solution, and the RGR between the initial and the 3rd week was more higher than that between the 3rd and 6th week. 5) NO_3 concentration decreased slowly after the change of nutrient solution weekly. The remaining contents were highest at 6M NH_4NO_3 concentrations and pH 7 in nutrient solution.

불꽃점화 구형분무화염에서 고공간 분해능을 가진 집광프로브의 응용

양영준 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.3

In order to obtain the flame propagation speed in freely falling droplet suspension produced by an ultrasonic atomizer, a light collecting probe named Multi-color Integrated Cassegrain Receiving Optics (MICRO) is applied to spark-ignited spherical spray flames. Two MICRO probes are used to monitor time-series signals of OH chemiluminescence from two different locations in the flame. The flame propagation speed is calculated by detecting the arrival time difference of the propagating flame front. In addition, time-series images of OH chemiluminescence are simultaneously obtained by a high-speed digital CCD camera to ensure the validity of the MICRO system. Furthermore, relationship between the spray properties measured by phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) and the flame propagation speed are discussed with three different experimental conditions by changing the fuel injection rate. It was confirmed that the MICRO probe system was very useful and convenient to obtain the flame propagation speed and that the flame propagation speed was different depending on the spray properties.

ESR 법에 의한 Cu-Pb 합금의 조직과 마모특성에 관하여

양훈영,민동준 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1984 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.22 No.10

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of various casting methods and ESR, together with the addition of 2% nickel and 1% tin on the structure and wear properties of Cu-Pb alloy. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Inter-rod spacing of lead in ESR ingot was inversely proportional to the square root of solidification rate. 2) Wear resistivity of ESR ingot was superior to that by sand castings or chill castings. 3) Wear mechanism of Cu-Pb alloy seemed to be metallic and melting wear, no oxidizing wear was appreciable. Therefore, wear amount increased with increasing sliding speed.

POSIX 쓰레드를 이용한 SR 실행 환경 지원에 관한 연구

이명준,박양수,정영필,김영곤 울산대학교 1995 공학연구논문집 Vol.26 No.1

병행성은 컴퓨터 시스템에서 주요한 추상화중의 하나이다. 이러한 병행성은 하드웨어의 디자인과 오퍼레이션, 운영체제, 다중프로세서, 분산계산, 실시간시스템, 프로그래밍 언어와 시스템의 디자인 수단으로 사용되어왔다. 운영체제 서비스에 대하여 응용 프로그램들의 원시코드 이식성을 제공하기 위하여 최근 몇년동안 운영체제에 대한 응용 프로그램 인터페이스를 위한 일련의 표준화 작업으로 IEEE의 운영 체제 기술 협의회는 POSIX를 개발해오고 있다. POSIX 쓰레드 확장에 관한 표준안은 운영체제 서비스가 하나의 프로세스내에서 제어의 다중 쓰레드를 생성하고 수행하는 것을 지원하는 응용 프로그램 인터페이스를 지원한다. 우리는 이러한 POSIX 쓰레드를 사용하여 SR 언어의 실행지원 시스템을 새로이 설계 및 구현한다. 개발된 실행지원 시스템의 이식성은 POIX 쓰레드를 지원하는 시스템들 사이에서 자연스럽게 보장된다. 주어진 컴퓨터 시스템에 대하여 이 새로운 실행지원 시스템의 성능은 그 시스템에서의 POSIX 쓰레드 자체의 구현에 대한 질에 좌우된다. 특히 그 시스템이 많은 프로세서를 가지고 이러한 프로세스들을 효과적으로 지원하도록 POSIX 쓰레드가 구현되었을때 이 새로운 실행지원 시스템은 매우 유용하게 된다. Concurrency is one of the key abstractions in Computer System. It has relevance to hardware design and operation, operating systems, multiprocessor and distributed computation, real-time systems, programming languages and system design methods. To provide source code portability of operating system services for application programs, POSIX is being developed for the recent several years by the IEEE Technical Committee on Operating System as a family of standards for application program interface to an operating system. The draft standard POSIX Threads Extension provides an application program interface to operating system services supporting the creation and execution of multiple threads of control within a single process. Using this POSIX Threads, we present a new design and implementation of the runtime support system of SR. Naturally, the portability of the runtime support system developed is guaranteed between the systems supporting POSIX Threads. For a given system, the performance of the new runtime support system depends on the quality of the implementation of POSIX Threads for the system. In particular, when the system has a lot of processors and the implementation of POSIX Threads utilizes those processors effectively, the new runtime support system is very useful.