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Private Speech and Mutual Engagement in Preschoolers Playtime Interaction : Talk and Embodiment
김윤희(Younhee Kim) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.2
Kim, Younhee. 2018. “Private Speech and Mutual Engagement in Preschoolers Playtime Interaction: Talk and Embodiment”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2), 119~165. Preschoolers playtime interaction presents a unique context where private speech/self-talk and mutual conversation are co-present as well as within and out-of-(pretend play) frame talk. Preliminary observation of the data from the larger project revealed an overall pattern where the two children would play together and soon one child or both of them wander off to his/her own private speech/play mode, and then mutual engagement is achieved again. The current study examines this phenomenon from a conversation analytic perspective by showing what types of sequential resources are employed by the children to manage the transition. The resources include making an announcement, a noticing comment about the shared environment, repetition, code-switching, and embodied resources such as gaze, postural orientation, and spatial positioning in the play space (Kendon 1990). The transition from mutual conversation to private speech often accompanies transition from reality to pretend play talk, though not exclusively so. Making a meta-pretend play comment and making a reference to the theme of the joint play also served as an effective way to achieve re-engagement. Based on detailed interactional analysis, the study suggests that the playtime interaction of preschoolers affords more self-oriented speech (self-repair, private speech) and is characterized by rather loosened expectation for responsivity while “playing together” takes close orientation to the other child s behavior as they co-ordinate moments of mutual engagement and separate play throughout their co-presence.
The Primary Process and Key Concepts of Economic Evaluation in Healthcare
Younhee Kim,Yunjung Kim,Hyeon-Jeong Lee,Seulki Lee,Sun-Young Park,오성희,Suhyun Jang,Tae-Jin Lee,Jeonghoon Ahn,Sangjin Shin 대한예방의학회 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.5
Economic evaluations in the healthcare are used to assess economic efficiency of pharmaceuticals and medical interventions such as diagnoses and medical procedures. This study introduces the main concepts of economic evaluation across its key steps: planning, outcome and cost calculation, modeling, cost-effectiveness results, uncertainty analysis, and decision-making. When planning an economic evaluation, we determine the study population, intervention, comparators, perspectives, time horizon, discount rates, and type of economic evaluation. In healthcare economic evaluations, outcomes include changes in mortality, the survival rate, life years, and quality-adjusted life years, while costs include medical, non-medical, and productivity costs. Model-based economic evaluations, including decision tree and Markov models, are mainly used to calculate the total costs and total effects. In cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analyses, cost-effectiveness is evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which is the additional cost per one additional unit of effectiveness gained by an intervention compared with a comparator. All outcomes have uncertainties owing to limited evidence, diverse methodologies, and unexplained variation. Thus, researchers should review these uncertainties and confirm their robustness. We hope to contribute to the establishment and dissemination of economic evaluation methodologies that reflect Korean clinical and research environment and ultimately improve the rationality of healthcare policies.
The Syntheses of p-Acylcalix[4]arenes
Kim, Younhee No, Kwanghyun 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1989 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.1
Starting with readily available p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 3 tert-butyl groups are removed by AlCl₃-catalyzed de-alkylation reaction, and the calix[4]arene 4 formed is converted into the tetraacyl esters. These compounds undergo Fries rearrangement to yield p-acylcalix[4]arenes. p-Acetyl, p-propionyl, p-butyryl, and p-benzoylcalix[4]arene 10, 11, 12 and 14 are synthesized in 70-80% yields by treatment of the corresponding esters 5, 6. 7 and 9 with AlCl₃ in nitrobenzene. When the tetraisobutyryl ester 8 was treated with the same condition, only two isobutyryl groups were rearranged to the para-positions of calix[4]arene, and remaining two groups were simply cleaved.
Younhee Kim 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Crisisonomy Vol.14 No.1
신속한 재난 대응을 위해서는 평시 대비가 중요하다. 우리나라에서는 재난대응 안전한국훈련 등 다양한 재난대응훈련을 실시하고 있으며, 토론기반 훈련보다는 실전기반 훈련으로 이루어지는 경우 가 대부분이다. 본 연구는 미국에서 재난대응 훈련 계획 수립, 실시, 평가 시 사용되고 있는 지침인 국토 안보 훈련 및 평가 프로그램(Homeland Security Excercise and Evaluation Program)에서 다루고 있는 토론기반 훈련에 대한 내용을 기술하고, 이에 기반 한 토론기반 재난대응 훈련을 개발하여 실제로 사회재난인 전력사고 부분에 적용해 보았다. 지방자치단체와 공공기관 등 관련 재난관리책 임기관의 재난안전관리 담당자들이 토론기반훈련에 참가하였고, 참가 후 수료자중 약 10%를 무작위 로 추출하여 인터뷰를 진행하고 토론기반훈련에 대한 구체적인 피드백을 기술하였다. 연구결과, 효 과적인 토론기반 훈련을 위해서는 하루 이상의 워크숍 형태의 훈련이 필요하며, 유형별 현장조치 행동매뉴얼을 보유한 기관 간 합동 토론기반 훈련 실시와 사회재난 협업 훈련 콘텐츠 발굴이 필요하다는 점을 도출하였다. It is well known that disaster response exercise is important for saving lives, therefore conducting disaster response exercise is one of the most important activities in disaster preparedness phase. The Korean government conducts various types of disaster response exercises including the Korea Safety Korea eXercise (SKX), civil defense drills and government continuity exercises. Unfortunately, these disaster response exercises in Korea are mostly operations-based exercises. In this paper, the context of discussion-based disaster response exercise from the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) is reviewed and the discussion-based disaster response exercise is designed and conducted based on the review of HSEEP. This research also summarized the results from the discussion-based disaster response exercise along with its implications.
Direct and Indirect Costs of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea
Kim, Changhwan,Kim, Younhee,Yang, Dong-Wook,Rhee, Chin Kook,Kim, Sung Kyoung,Hwang, Yong-Il,Park, Yong Bum,Lee, Young Mok,Jin, Seonglim,Park, Jinkyeong,Hahm, Cho-Rom,Park, Chang-Han,Park, So Yeon,Jung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2019 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.82 No.1
Background: Understanding the burden of disease is important to establish cost-effective treatment strategies and to allocate healthcare resources appropriately. However, little reliable information is available regarding the overall economic burden imposed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Korea. Methods: This study is a multicenter observational research on the COPD burden in Korea. Total COPD costs were comprised of three categories: direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs. For direct medical costs, institutional investigation was performed at 13 medical facilities mainly based on the claims data. For direct non-medical and indirect costs, site-based surveys were administered to the COPD patients during routine visits. Total costs were estimated using the COPD population defined in the recent report. Results: The estimated total costs were approximately 1,245 million US dollar (1,408 billion Korean won). Direct medical costs comprised approximately 20% of the total estimated costs. Of these, formal medical costs held more than 80%. As direct non-medical costs, nursing costs made up the largest percentage (39%) of the total estimated costs. Costs for COPD-related loss of productivity formed four fifths of indirect costs, and accounted for up to 33% of the total costs. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the direct and indirect costs of COPD in Korea. The total costs were enormous, and the costs of nursing and lost productivity comprised approximately 70% of total costs. The results provide insight for an effective allocation of healthcare resources and to inform establishment of strategies to reduce national burden of COPD.