한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질의 전자회절분석을 위한 Imaging Plate 기술

김영민,김양수,김진규,이정용,김윤중 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질인 gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)₃)의 전자 빔 조사 상전이 연구에서 전자회절 자료의 기록에 대한 imaging plate 와 필름의 기록 특성을 실험적으로 비교하였다. Imaging plate는 극단적으로 낮은 전자 강도와 높은 전자 강도를 동시 기록하기에 충분한 선형 dynamic range를 갖기 때문에, 매우 낮은 전자조사 조건 (≤0.1 e-/μm²)에서 전자 회절 자료를 기록할 때 필름에 비해 회절 자료의 spatial frequency 범위가 두 배 이상 확장되었다. 심지어 이미 기록 포화된 투과 빔 주위의 신호 정보 레벨을 세분화하는 데에도 훨씬 우수한 분해 성능을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 imaging plate가 극단적으로 낮은 전자강도 기록이 필요한 전자 빔 조사 민감 물질이나 cryo-biological 시편들의 구조 연구 관점에서 가장 적절한 기록 매체임을 나타낸다. An experimental comparison of the detection properties between imaging plate and film for recording the electron diffraction pattern was carried out on a radiation-sensitive material, an aluminum trihydroxide (gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)₃), through the electron beam irradiation. Because the imaging plate has a wide dynamic range sufficient for recording extremely low- and high-electron intensities, the range of spatial frequency for the diffraction pattern acquired by the imaging plate was extended to two times larger than the range by the film, especially at a low electron dose condition (≤0.1 e-/μm²). It is also demonstrated that the imaging plate showed better resolving power for discriminating fine intensity levels even in saturated transmitted beam. Hence, in the respect of investigating the structures of radiation-sensitive materials and cryobiological specimens, our experimental demonstrations suggest that the imaging plate technique may be a good choice for those studies, which have to use an extremely low electron intensity for recording.

Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

보이타 접근법을 이용한 운동이 뇌성마비 아동의 대근육 운동 기능에 미치는 영향

김정연,김시원 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2012 특수교육 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 특수학교에 재학하고 있는 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 보이타 접근법을 이용한 운동이 이들의 대근육 운동 발달에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 참여자는 5.0-8.0세의 뇌성마비 아동이며, 대상자간 중다간헐 기초선 연구설계 방법을 적용하여 대근육 운동 기능에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 보이타 치료원리를 이용한 운동 중재를 학교 내 물리치료실에서 주 2회 40분씩 실시하였으며, 유지는 3주 후에 3회기에 걸쳐 측정하였다. 참여 아동의 변화 수준을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 보이타 접근법을 이용한 운동 중재는 정도의 차이는 있으나 3명의 참여아동 모두의 대근육 운동 능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보이타 접근법을 이용한 운동은 중재 종료 후 대근육 운동 능력이 기초선 기간에 비해 상향된 수준을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서 적용한 보이타 접근법을 이용한 운동은 뇌성마비 아동의 대 근육 운동 능력에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 뇌성마비 아동의 유형이나 운동특성이 다양하므로 대근육 운동 능력에 대한 접근법 연구 등은 향후 반복연구를 통해 효과성이 입증되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise training for using Vojta approach on gross motor function. The research subjects are 3 children with cerebral palsy with an age range from 5 to 8 years. This study conducted research baseline, intervention, and maintenance test by multiple probe baseline design across the participants. The program was applied to the children from march 2010 to july 2010. Treatment was implemented 40 minutes per time and per session and 2 sessions. The gross motor function was analyzed to determine with GMFM(Gross Motor Function Measure). The gross motor function was measured at 3-week follow-up. The results were as follows; 1) the intervention of the exercise training using Vojta approach increased the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy, and 2) after termination of intervention, the condition remained in higher quality than the beginning. The study indicates that the exercise training for using Vojta approach is effective in improving the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy.

벼멸구 生態型의 交雜種에 對한 水稻品種의 低抗性에 關하여 (Ⅱ)

金正和,尹祥遠 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1986 農業科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

This study was performed to evaluate the antibiosis of three different rice cultivars to the BPH biotypes 1, 2, 3 and their hybrid progenies, Nilaparvata lugens STAL. The rice cultivars tested were Chucheongbyeo, Cheongcheongbyeo and Milyang 63. The following characteristics of hybrid progenies were compared with these of their parents; Antibiosis. The results obtained were as follows; The nymphal period of the three BPH biotypes and their hybrid progenies on Chucheongbyeo were shorter than on another cultivars. The biotypes 2 and 2(♀)×3(♂) on Cheongcheongbyeo, and the biotypes 3, 3(♀)×2(♂) and 2(♀)×3(♂) on Milyag 63 were also shorter than another progenies. The adult emergence ratio of the three BPH biotypes and their hybrid progenies on Chucheongbyeo were higher than on another cultivars. The adult emergence was not only high on the biotypes 2,2(♀)×3(♂) and 3(♂)×(♀) in Cheongcheongbyeo but also on the biotypes 3, 2(♀)×3(♂) and 3(♀)×2(♂) in Milyang 63. High emergence of adult was not only shown heavy in body weight but also longevity of female adult was long. In addition, number of eggs deposited was many together with population build-up in next generation.

족저 근막염에 적용된 치료적 스포츠마사지의 효과

정동혁,김연수,송윤희 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

Plantar fasciitis is a repetitive microtrauma overload injury of the attachment of the plantar fascia at the inferior aspect of the calcaneus. The diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is common among athletes in many sports, primarily those sports that involve running. Common treatments for plantar fasciitis, including ice, stretching, ultrasound, and shoe inserts are helpful in reducing the symptoms. However, recurrence of the problem is common. By understanding the potential biomechanical causes of this disorder it may be possible to correct the anatomical and biomechanical variables that cause plantar fasciitis and reduce the rate of recurrence as well as speed the rehabilitation process. It may also be possible to identify predisposing maladaptations that can be corrected, therefore, preventing the initial occurrence of plantar fasciitis. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of the therapeutic sports massage(TSM) applied to the patients with plantar fasciitis by measuring, assessing and analyzing the changes in intensity and unpleasantness of muscle pains before and after TSM. In the therapeutic sports massage program, such methods as effleurage, petrissage and deep transverse friction were selected as traditional massage treatments frequently used for muscles with pain and spasticity. After TSM, the McGill pain questionnaire word list(MPQWL), verbal rating scale(VRS), visual analogue scale(VAS) were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients. The major findings from this study are as follows; 1. There was significant decrease in the numerical values of VAS, VRS and MPQWL after TSM(p<.05). 2. There was significant decrease in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains after TSM(p<.05). 3. From the analysis into chronological changes in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains before and after TSM with ANOVA, it became evident that the longer the period of treatment was, the higher the pains decreases drastically, while significant difference was shown in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains(p<.05). Summed up, it can be generally concluded that TSM is an effective treatment to rid the patients with plantar fasciitis of pains safely and promptly.

An integrated analysis of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection

Youn Jae Lee,Jeong Heo,Do Young Kim,Woo Jin Chung,Won Young Tak,Yoon Jun Kim4,백승운,Eungeol Sim,Susila Kulasingam,Rohit Talwani,Barbara Haber,Peggy Hwang 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.4

Background/Aims: In the Republic of Korea, an estimated 231,000 individuals have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) administered for 12 weeks in Korean patients who were enrolled in international clinical trial phase 3 studies. Methods: This was a retrospective, integrated analysis of data from patients with HCV genotype (GT) 1b infection enrolled at Korean study sites in four EBR/GZR phase 3 clinical trials. Patients were treatment-naive or had previously failed interferon-based HCV therapy, and included those with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection or Child- Pugh class A cirrhosis. All patients received EBR 50 mg/GZR 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12, HCV RNA <15 IU/mL). Results: SVR12 was achieved by 73 of 74 (98.6%) patients. No patients had virologic failure and one discontinued from the study after withdrawing consent. SVR12 rates were uniformly high across all patient subgroups. A total of 16 patients had nonstructural protein 5A resistance-associated substitutions at baseline (16/73, 22%), all of whom achieved SVR12. Adverse events (AEs) reported in >5% of patients were fatigue (6.8%), upper respiratory tract infection (5.4%), headache (5.4%), and nausea (5.4%). Thirteen patients (17.6%) reported drug-related AEs, two serious AEs occurred, and two patients discontinued treatment owing to an AEs. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, EBR/GZR administered for 12 weeks was well-tolerated and highly effective in Korean patients with HCV GT1b infection.

合成洗劑가 빨간집모기의 生態, 生理學的 特性에 미치는 影響

金正和,李炯來,朴垠澈,李容揆,崔觀善 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

It is considered a general experience that migration from rural to urban areas will go on in any developing countries pursuing economic development through industralization. In Korea, migration is considered one of the serious socio- economic problems because it has been made excessively fast than any other countries' experiences. The socio- economic problems originates in migration can be classified in two ways ; the one is the overpopulated problems of urban areas and emptied villages problems of rural areas, and the other is the shartage agricultural labor farce problems symbolized by the increasing idle cultivated land. To relieve migration effectively, the developing policies should be converted from pursuing fast industralization and urbanization to balance growth between areas and industries. Moreover problem solving political measure should be converted from partial and corresponding approaches to total approaches containing economic, social and institutional side-view.

상부 위장관 질환의 내시경학적 고찰

김영건,김연길,정현용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1984 충남의대잡지 Vol.11 No.2

The gastroduodenoscopy was performed in 2358 cases with suspicious upper gastrointestinal disease, The findings were compared with radiologic finding and following results were obtained. 1. Among 2358 cases, the main diseases were gastritis 790 cases(33. 5%), gastric cancer 411 cases(17.4%) and gastric ulcer 259 cases(ll %), in order of frequency. 2. Age and sex distribution of gastric cancer and ulcer was more common in 6th decade 35.8%, 32.4% respectively. Male to female ratio was 2. 4 : 1, 5.8: 1, respectively. 3. Location of stomach cancer 426 cases was mainly antrum 146 cases (34.3%), body 117 cases (27.7%) and prepylorus 77 cases(18%). 4. The gross finding of stomach cancer by Bormann's classification was follows; type I 48cases(1l.7%), type II 195 cases(47. 4%), typs III 115 cases(28%) and type Ⅳ 40 cases(9.7%), So called early cancer was 13 cases(3.2%). 5. Location of gastric ulcer 259 cases was angle 162 cases(47.8%), body 97 cases(28 antrum 80 cases(23%). 6. Location of duodenal ulcer was mainly duodenal bulb and pyloric canal in 97.4%(188 of 193cases). 7. In the anual distribution of peptic ulcer from 1980 to 1984, gastric ulcer was 69.6%, 69.8%, 62%, 54.1% and 52. 4%, respectively and duodenal ulcer was 28. 6%, 27. 9%, 33.8%, 37.8%and 38.9%. And there were evidence of increasing tendency in duodenal ulcer. 8. The concordance rate of gastric cancer, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was 88. 2%, 71.1% and 75.8%, repectively.