Private-Source Educational Expenditure in Korea : Analysis and Implications

Han, You-Kyung RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM INSTRUCTION EWHA 2005 East west education Vol.22 No.-

Private educational expenditure means the sum of the expenses individual household paid for educational activities but not processed through official accounting procedure. It includes private tutoring fees, books, room and board, school supplies and so on. Private educational spendings per student in the year of 2001 is 1,999 thousand won in pre- schools, 2,368 thousand won in elementary schools, 2,261 thousand won in middle schools, 2,307 thousand won in general high schools, 1,360 thousand won invocational high schools, 1,938 thousand won in junior colleges, 2,216 thousand won in industrial universities, 2,673 thousand won in four-year colleges and 2,330 thousand won in graduate schools. Total private educational expenditure estimated from these sample figures is 18,782 billion won for pre-school, middle school and high school students together and 7,891 billion won for students in higher education institutions. What we are most concerned about regarding the private educational expenditure is the amount of expenditure for the private tutoring. The percentage of private tutoring expenses on the average is about 48.6. Private educational spending per student has declined compared to the spending in 1998. Especially the spending for elementary school students, general high school students and college students had declined greatly. However, the spending for middle school students, vocational high school students and junior college students has slightly increased. The portion out of GDP also declined to 5.61% in 2001 from 6.53% in 1998.

School Finance Reform in Korea : Findings and Implications for School-based Budgeting System

Han, You-Kyung 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 East west education Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to explore the means to implant successfully the school-based budgeting system by analyzing the current status of financial management in schools and grasping the problems that arose during its implementation, which was first launched in March, 2001 in the national and public elementary, middle, and high schools nation-wide. To this end, the current status of financial management in schools that has been implemented during the last years is analyzed and both the success and failure in implementing the school-based budgeting system are investigated.

노랑제비꽃 자생지의 생육환경과 토양환경간 상관성

유주한,정성관,박경훈,김경태,이우성 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 2007 慶北大農學誌 Vol.25 No.-

This study was carried out to offer the raw data of floricultural resource by scientific analyzing the growth and soil environment in Viola orientalis habitat, and establish the ecological characteristics in developing the relative model. In the results of soil factors analysis, there showed that acidity was pH 5.1, organic matter content of 9.1 %, available P₂O_(5) of 40.6mg/kg, exchangeable K^(+) of 0.2cmol^(+)/kg, exchangeable Ca^(2+) of 3.5cmol^(+)/kg, exchangeable Mg^(2+) of O.8cmol^(+)/kg, cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) of 13.7 cmol^(+)/kg and electrical conductivity(EC) of 0.4dS/m. The growth characteristics were surveyed that height was 12.4cm, leaf width of 2.5cm, leaf length of 3.0cm, flower width of 2.5cm, peduncle of 2.3cm and chlorophyll of 38.5pg·mg^(-1).

고등학교 교사의 전문적 자본이 교직만족도에 미치는 영향 : 학교장 지도성과 학교풍토의 직렬다중매개효과 분석을 중심으로

한유경,설가인,이은지,김하영 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2022 교과교육학연구 Vol.26 No.6

This study examined the structural relationship between professional capital and teacher satisfaction of high school teachers. For the analysis, data from 3,614 high school teachers who responded to the 9th year of the GEPS were used, and the serial multiple mediation effect of principal leadership and school climate was analyzed in the relationship between professional capital and teacher satisfaction. The result of the analysis showed that, human capital, a sub-element of professional capital, had a positive effect on principal leadership and teacher satisfaction, and social capital had a positive effect on the school climate. Decision capital had a positive effect on all of principal leadership, school climate, and teacher satisfaction. Principal leadership significantly increased the vitality of the school climate, and principal leadership and school climate had a positive effect on teacher satisfaction. In mediation effect, principal leadership showed significant mediation effect between mediated human capital and teacher satisfaction, and between decision capital and teacher satisfaction. The school climate had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between social capital and teacher satisfaction, decision capital and teacher satisfaction. In addition, the effect mediated by school principal leadership through the school climate was significant in the relationship between human capital and teacher satisfaction, decision capital and teacher satisfaction. Based on the above results, implications for improving teacher satisfaction were drawn. 이 연구는 고등학교 교사의 전문적 자본과 교직만족도 간의 구조적 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기종단연구 9차년도 조사에 응답한 고등학교 교사 중 3,614명을 대상으로 전문적 자본과 교직만족도의 관계에서 학교장 지도성과 학교풍토의 직렬다중매개효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전문적 자본의 하위요소인 인적 자본은 학교장 지도성과 교직만족도에, 사회적 자본은 학교풍토에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 의사결정적 자본은 학교장 지도성, 학교풍토, 교직만족도 모두에 정적인 효과를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 학교장 지도성은 학교풍토의 활력을 유의하게 높였고, 학교장 지도성과 학교풍토는 교직만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 학교장 지도성은 인적 자본과 교직만족도, 의사결정적 자본과 교직만족도를 유의하게 매개하였다. 학교풍토는 사회적 자본과 교직만족도, 의사결정적 자본과 교직만족도 간의 관계에 있어 간접효과가 유의하였다. 또한, 학교장 지도성이 학교풍토를 거쳐 매개한 효과는 인적 자본과 교직만족도, 의사결정적 자본과 교직만족도 간의 관계에서 유의하였다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 교직만족도 제고를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다.

학교행정가의 리더십과 핵심역량에 대한 인식 연구

조경원,한유경,서경혜,조정아,이지은 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2006 교육과학연구 Vol.37 No.1

21세기 지식정보화 사회는 전통적인 학교교육의 변혁을 요구한다. 이에 학교교육 개혁을 성공적으로 이끌어 나아갈 수 있는 교원의 리더십 특히 학교행정가의 리더십이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 그렇다면 지식정보화 사회에서 요구되는 학교행정가의 리더십이란 무엇이며 어떤 역량을 포함하는가? 본 연구는 학교행정가의 리더십과 핵심역량에 대한 선행연구가 학교 현장과는 유리된 채 이론적, 당위적 수준에 그치고 있다는 문제의식에서 출발하여 학교행정가의 리더십을 구성하는 핵심역량이 무엇인가에 대한 교사, 교감, 교장, 행정실장 및 서무부장의 인식을 파악하고 이들 집단의 인식을 비교 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 우선 문헌연구를 통해 리더십에 대한 관점과 개념의 변화를 고찰하였고 변혁적 리더십 관점에 기초하여 학교행정가가 갖추어야 할 핵심역량으로 교육적 리더십, 학교 계획 및 조직, 학교교육과정 편성 및 운영, 학교운영, 인적자원 개발, 학교재정 관리, 교육법 이해 및 집행, 학교교육정책 이해, 학교·학부모 및 지역사회 협력, 정보통신기술 활용과 같은 열 가지 역량을 도출하였다. 문헌연구를 통해 도출된 핵심역량에 대한 학교 현장의 관점을 알아보기 위해 초·중·고등학교 교직원을 대상으로 10대 핵심역량의 중요도와 현재 실행정도에 대해 설문조사를 수행하였다. 설문조사에는 144개 학교의 교직원 1,136명이 참여하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives of teachers, vice-principals, and school staff on school administrators' leadership and core abilities. For this purpose, first, we examined the perspectives and concepts of school administrator's leadership and identified 10 core abilities that constitute the school administrator's leadership. Second, we developed a questionnaire to investigate the perspectives of teachers, vice-principals, and school staff on to what extent the 10 core abilities are important and whether their school administrators actually exert these 10 core abilities. Finally, we conducted a survey research, including teachers, vice-principals, and school staff with various years of experiences in elementary and secondary schools in Korea. The findings show that teachers, vice-principals, principals, and school staff consider the 10 core abilities very important for school administrators. However, they perceive that school administrators, in reality, do not exert the 10 core abilities as much as they think these abilities are important. In particular, teachers rated school administrators' leadership relatively low compared to principals, vice-principals, and school staff. The difference between their perception on the importance and exertion of 10 core abilities indicates the need for programs that promote the development of 10 core abilities for school administrators and consequently support the development of school administrator's leadership.

반치환술후 탈구 도수정복시 Bipolar shell의 분리-1례 보고

서유성,이경한,나수균,최창욱 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.1

The disassembly of modular total hip prosthesis in the postoperative period has been reported with increasing frequency. This involves disassembly of modular acetabular cups, modular head - neck systems and bipolar systems. Disassembly of the components of bipolar endoprosthesis of the Bateman and Christiansen designs have been reported previously. We report on an unusual case of a patient in whom a modular, taper - locked femoral head seperated from the shell ; the seperation occurred during an attempt at closed reduction of a hip that had dislocated posteriorly.

활성화 C 단백 내성검사의 정도관리와 한국인의 양성률

이영경,박성섭,이유경,이진숙,함천경,주세익,윤근영,박선양,조한익 대한임상병리학회 1996 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.16 No.6

초등학교 과학 수업에서 개념도 활용의 효과

강석진,이유영,고한중,전경문,노태희 한국초등과학교육학회 2004 초등과학교육 Vol.23 No.1

In this study, we investigated the effects of using concept mapping as an instructional tool on 4th graders' achievement, science learning motivation, and attitude toward science classes. T재 classes (38 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. Students were taught about "expansion of matter by heat" and "heat transfer". These topics were chosen because they require students to understand more concepts as well as relationships among them. A science learning motivation test and an attitude toward science classes test were administered as pretests. A researcher-made achievement test, the science learning motivation test, and the attitude toward science classes test were administered as posttests. The results indicated that using concept mapping in 4th-grade science classes was not significantly effective in improving students' achievement though a statistically significant positive effect was found in the subcategory of knowledge. No statistically significant effect of using concept mapping was found in the scores of the science learning motivation test and the attitude toward science classes test. Educational implications are discussed.

적외선 열화상 카메라를 이용한 열적 결함부 자동 검출 모니터링 시스템 개발

김재열,양동조,한재호,유신,김창현,송경석 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The most part of various electrics has been affected by thermal failure due to electric overload. Contact-sensor has been used, for detection to this thermal failure, until now. But, it is impossible to detect the unsuitable element by using contact-temperature-sensor. This problem, with development of the infrared thermal vision camera, will be solved. Because it take some advantages which are composed of non-contact detect and non-destructive detect for temperature distribution, it is possible to detect on the temperature of revolution part, high temperature part. We developed the automatic detection monitoring system for thermal failure part on electrics with overload by using the infrared thermal vision camera. The first stage, thermal signal was detected from the infrared thermal vision camera, and then the data that was wanted from user was shown. The second stage, if the temperature that was decided to failure coded to the program, automatically electrics was shut off. This monitoring system is possible to apply on various conveniences in the whole industrial sites.

보육시설 과학 특별활동 프로그램의 개발과 적용

조복희,곽혜경,한유미,양연숙,손경화 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.32

The purpose of this study was to develop early childhood science activities, which could be utilized as an extracurricular program in the day-care center. The program is based on the Constructivist theory(Piaget and Vygotsky) and the nation-wide survey data on the extracurricular programs and science activities in the day-care center. After the manuals for the program was monitored and corrected by the professionals, the application of each activities was empirically tested by the teachers in the day-care setting. The effects of the sample program(6 activities) were conducted using Tegano, Sawyers & Moran(1989)'s Scientific problem-solving scale and Lee(2001)'s Scientific attitude scale. Subject of thirty nine children were administered by the pre-test and post-test and experimental group participated the program for six weeks. The results showed that the program was effective for enhancement of scientific problem-solving ability and scientific attitude of young children in day-care setting.