Valuation of ecosystem services in the organic carbon of the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City

Lee, Eung-Pill,Lee, Soo-In,Jeong, Heon-Mo,Han, Young-Sub,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Jae-Hoon,Jang, Rae-Ha,Hong, Youg-Sik,Jung, Young-Ho,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Sang-Hun,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha^-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha^-1 year^-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha^-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha^-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha^-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha^-1, 365, 000 won ha^-1, and 19,467,000 won ha^-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha^-1 year^-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha^-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.

특수학교의 재구조화 방안

김주영,김병하,이미선,이유훈 국립특수교육원 2000 연구보고서 Vol.- No.2

통합교육은 특수학교 중심 의 전통적 인 분리교육에 대응한 개념으로 이해 할 수 있다. 1994년 특수교육진흥법이 전면 개정되면서 우리나자는 장애학생 교육의 전달체계를 통합교육을 촉진하는방향으로 개 혁해야 한다는 수장이 대두되 기 시작하였다. 특수교육 전달체 계 의 개 혁은 곧 분리교육의 해체를 뜻하는 것이라고 여겼기 때문이다. 이와 같은 관점에서 현재 특수교육 전달체계 가운데가장 큰 개혁의 초점은 바로 특수학교가 될 것이다. 왜냐하면, 그동안 특수학교는 분리교육의 중심으로 여겨져 왔을 뿐만 아니라, 가정이나 병원, 시설에서 이루어지는 장애학생의 교육도 결국은그 거점이 특수학교가 될 가늘성이 높기 때문이다. 그러므로 특수교육이 기존의 분리교육 체제를해체하고 통합교육의 체제로 옮아가기 위해서는 필연적으로 특수학교의 역할과 기능을 제고함으로써 통합교육 체제에 순응하고 적극 기 여 할 수 있는 전달체 계로서 의 새로운 특수학교 구조를 제시할 필요가 있는 것이다. 그것은 바로 바로 특수학교의 재구조화를 의미하는 것이다. 이에 따라,본고에서 제시하고 있는 우리나라 특수학교의 재구조화 방향과 그에 따른 방안은 다음파 같다.특수학교 재구조화 방향한국적인 상황에서 급진적 통합교육의 추진은 자칫 장애학생의 행복을 저해하고 장애의 특성과정도에 따른 다양한 교육서비스의 선택 폭을 줄일 뿐만 아니라, 기존의 엄청난 특수교육 자원을낭비할 수도 있다는 것이 현재 특수교육계의 지배적인 생각이다. 따라서 특수학교는 앞으로 중증 · 중복장애 학생의 교육 기 관화와 지 역사회 중심 의 특수교육 센터화, 특수교육의 특성화와 전문화의 길로 나아가는 것이 바람직할 것으로 기대된다.특수학교 재구조화 방안 I : 특수학교의 운영 체제 전환첫째, 특수학교는 장애의 진단 평가 및 상담과 중중 ·중복장애차생 교육, 재택 순회교육, 일반학교의 특수교육 지원, 지역사회 장애이해 증진 등에 걸쳐 그 학교의 역할을 제고해야 한다둘째,특수학교는 일반학교 내에 특수학교를 두는 형태, 특수학교에 일반학생들을 받아들이는형태, 장애영역을 통합하는 형태, 작은 규모의 형태, 경도장애학생들을 위한 실업 고등학교 등 학교의 형태를 다양화해야 한다. 셋째,특수학교는 교육과정을 생활기능 중심,통합교과 중심의 총체적 교수방법 적용,개별화교육계획(IEP)의 탄력적 적용 등을 제고해야 한다.넷째, 특수학교는 교원의 특수교육-일반교육 근무체제를 활성화하고, 특수교육 담당 교사에 대해 우대하며, 우수인력의 고른 배치와 현직교원의 교차 연수기회를 부여함으로써 교원의 자질과전문성을 신장해 야 한다.다섯째, 특수학교는 지역내 순회교육 대상 장애학생들의 교육을 중점적으로 담당해야 한다.석섯째,특수학교는 학생 중심,지역사회 적응 중심의 전환교육을 바탕으로 한 직업교육을 체계적으로 실시해야 한다.일곱째,특수학교는 부모의 의견을 수렴하여 학교 교육과정 운영에 적절히 반영하는 한편,자녀의 발달단계에 따른 발달과업을 중심으로 부모교육을 실시해야 한다.특수학교 재구조화 방안 ll : 국가 및 지방자치단체의 변화국가 및 지방자치단체는 새로운 조직이나 사업 개발에 착수하기보다는 기존의 조직과 사업을활용하면서 교원 각자의 참여를 유도할 수 있는 통합교육 정책 개발과 투자에 힘을 쏟아야 하며,지방 특수교육의 안정적 발전을 위해 지속적으로 예산 지원을 보장해야 한다. 또한 예산의 안정적지원과 함께 국가는 지방특수교육에 대한 평가를 정례화 하여 그 성과에 따라 특별교부금을 지급하거나 적정 투자권고 등 행정지도를 강화해야 한다.특수학교 재구조화 방안 In : 지역사회 중심의 특수학교 체제첫째, 특수학교는 학교간 교류협력의 활성화와 지역사회 자원을 활용한 경험 중심의 교윽과정의 실천,지역사회 자원을 활용한 직업교육의 실시,자원봉사 인력의 활용 등을 통한 지역사회 자원을 활용한다.둘째, 특수학교는 학교 시설의 제공, 각종 문화행사, 장애인 및 그 가족을 지원함으로써 지역사회 센터로서 기여해야 한다.지금까지 제시한 특수학교 재구조화의 방향과그에 따른 방안들은 우리나라의 전통적 특수교육상황을 적극적으로 개선하기 위해 반영한 제 안들이 다. 그러나 이 러 한 방안을 제시하는 것만으로특수학교의 재구조화가 실현되는 것은 아니다. 국가는 국가수준에서, 학교는 학교수준에서 이미제시된 방향을 향해 구체적인 실천과제를 정하여 하나 하나 구체적으로 실천해 갈 때 비로소 가능해 지는 것임을 잊어서는 안될 것이다.

Organic carbon distribution and budget of dominant woody plant community in the subalpine zone at volcanic Jeju Island, Korea

Jang, Rae-Ha,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Eung-Pill,Lee, Soo-In,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Sang-Hun,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Background: The Northern Hemisphere forest ecosystem is a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the subalpine zone stores large amounts of carbon; however, their magnitude and distribution of stored carbon are still unclear. Results: To clarify the carbon distribution and carbon budget in the subalpine zone at volcanic Jeju Island, Korea, we report the C stock and changes therein owing to vegetation form, litter production, forest floor, and soil, and soil respiration between 2014 and 2016, for three subalpine forest ecosystems, namely, Abies koreana forest, Taxus cuspidata forest, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii forest. Organic carbon distribution of vegetation and NPP were bigger in the A. koreana forest than in the other two forests. However, the amount of soil organic carbon distribution was the highest in the J. chinensis var. sargentii forest. Compared to the amount of organic carbon distribution (AOCD) of aboveground vegetation (57.15 t C ha^-1) on the subalpine-alpine forest in India, AOCD of vegetation in the subalpine forest in Mt. Halla was below 50%, but AOCD of soil in Mt. Halla was higher. We also compared our results of organic carbon budget in subalpine forest at volcanic island with data synthesized from subalpine forests in various countries. Conclusions: The subalpine forest is a carbon reservoir that stores a large amount of organic carbon in the forest soils and is expected to provide a high level of ecosystem services.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Affects the Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin-5 in Atopic Children

You-Cheol Jeong,Mun-Soo Yeo,Joo-Hwa Kim,Ha-Baik Lee,오재원 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: Previous studies have outlined mechanisms by which Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumonia) infection may promote allergic lung inflammation and airway remodeling, and increasing evidence from human studies suggests that atypical bacterial infections contribute to asthma exacerbation,chronic asthma, and disease severity with changes in cytokine expression. The present study evaluated changes in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-5 in atopic children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: We recruited a total of 72 children with pneumonia. The patients were divided into 4 groups: atopic children with M. pneumonia pneumonia (group I, n=24), nonatopic children with M. pneumonia pneumonia (group II, n=23), atopic children with viral pneumonia (group III, n=13), and non-atopic children with viral pneumonia (group IV, n=12). Serum levels of IL-5, IL-13, VEGF, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured at admission and at recovery using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Serum levels of VEGF and IL-5 were elevated in group I compared with the other groups at both admission phase and clinical recovery phase. In group I, serum levels of VEGF and IL-5 were higher at recovery phase than at admission phase (VEGF:1,102.2±569.4 vs. 874.9±589.9 pg/mL, respectively; IL-5: 150.5±63.9 vs. 120.2±46.7 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusions: The serum levels of VEGF and IL-5 were more increased in atopic children with M. pneumonia pneumonia than in the other groups. In this group, the serum levels of VEGF and IL-5 were more increased at recovery phase than at admission phase. The results of this study suggest that increases in VEGF and IL-5 may contribute to the development of hypersensitivity during M. pneumonia infection. These cytokines may act through their respective pro-inflammatory pathways to aggravate the allergic status and induce airway hypersensitivity during M. pneumonia pneumonia in atopic children.

Poster Presentation : Differential diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza suspected cases in Korea, 2008

You Chan Bae,Gye Hyeong Woo,Ha Young Kim,Young Hwa Jean,In Soon Rho,Jung Won Park,Jong Hyung Lee,Soon Seek Yoon,Choi Kyu Park,Yi Seok Joo 한국수의병리학회 2009 학술대회 Vol.13 No.-

Micro/Nano-Stripe Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated Using Photolithography and Laser Interference Lithography

You, Banseok,Joo, Chul Woong,Ha, Hyeon Jun,Lee, Jeong-Ik,Lee, Jonghee,Ju, Byeong-Kwon American Scientific Publishers 2017 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters Vol.9 No.7

Pathological study of Korean native pregnant cows and fetuses experimentally vaccinated with Brucella abortus RB51 in heifers and challenged with Brucella abortus 2308 in pregnancy

You-Chan Bae,Gye-Hyeong Woo,Ha-Young Kim,Moon Her,Dong-Hee Cho,Suk-Chan Jung,Jae-Ku Oem,Jae-Won Byun,Yi-Seok Joo,O-Soo Lee,Myoung-Heon Lee 한국예방수의학회 2012 예방수의학회지 Vol.36 No.3

Bovine brucellosis causes abortion and infertility. The authors conducted this study in order to determine pathological lesions of Korean native cows and fetuses who received experimental vaccination with Brucella abortus RB51 and were challenged with Brucella abortus 2308. Gross and histopathological lesions in endometrium and placenta were observed in cows of the vaccinated group. Twenty-five percent of pregnant cattle in the vaccinated group showed endometritis and placentitis, which was three times lower, compared with the non-vaccinated group. The pathological lesions in the uterus and placenta in both groups were consistent with previous reports. Therefore, vaccination in heifers using Brucella abortus RB51 may not provide adequate protection against infection with Brucella abortus virulent strain.

Poster Presentation : Hepatic Vascular Hamartoma in a Slaughtered Korean Native Cattle

( You Chan Bae ),( Ha Young Kim ),( Gye Yeong Woo ),( Soon Seek Yoon ),( Ae Ran Sim ),( Yi Seok Joo ) 한국수의병리학회 2008 학술대회 Vol.12 No.2

Poster Presentation : Necrotizing Sialometaplasia of Parotid Gland in a Dog: A Case Report

( Ha Young Kim ),( Gye Hyeong Woo ),( You Chan Bae ),( Young Hwa Jean ),( In Soon Rho ),( Yeon Hee Park ),( Yi Seok Joo ) 한국수의병리학회 2008 학술대회 Vol.12 No.2

Original Article : Combined treatment with silibinin and either sorafenib or gefitinib enhances their growth-inhibiting effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

( Ha Ra Gu ),( Su Cheol Park ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Jae Cheol Lee ),( You Cheoul Kim ),( Chul Ju Han ),( Jin Kim ),( Ki Young Yang ),( Yeon Joo Kim ),( Geum Youb Noh ),( So Hyeon No ),( Jae Hoon Jeong ) 대한간학회 2015 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.21 No.1

Background/Aims: Silibinin, the main component of silymarin, is used as a hepatoprotectant and exhibits anticancer effects against various cancer cells. This study evaluated the effects of a combination of silibinin with either gefitinib or sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods: Several different human HCC cell lines were used to test the growth-inhibiting effects and cell toxicity of silibinin both alone and in combination with either gefitinib or sorafenib. The cell viability and growth inhibition were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, trypan blue staining, and a colony-forming assay. Furthermore, changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related signals were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: Gefitinib, sorafenib, and silibinin individually exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on HCC cells. Combined treatment with silibinin enhanced the gefitinib-induced growth-inhibiting effects in some HCC cell lines. The combination effect of gefitinib and silibinin was synergistic in the SNU761 cell line, but was only additive in the Huh-BAT cell line. The combination effect may be attributable to inhibition of EGFR-dependent Akt signaling. Enhanced growth-inhibiting effects were also observed in HCC cells treated with a combination of sorafenib and silibinin. Conclusions: Combined treatment with silibinin enhanced the growth-inhibiting effects of both gefitinib and sorafenib. Therefore, the combination of silibinin with either sorafenib or gefitinib could be a useful treatment approach for HCC in the future. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2015;21:49-59)