A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

도금사업장의 작업환경의 유해인자 노출수준에 관한 연구

문덕환,도수영,이채관,황용식,선병관,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and assessing the status of exposure level of chemical substances and physical agents. Methods and Material : Such as noise, two types of dust, four types of metals, seventeen types of organic solvents, and four types of other materials classified by specific chemical substances in 21 metal product plating factories classified by 28 processes. The author determined exposure level on those hazardous materials from Jan. to Dec. 2001. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The exposure level for noise was exceeded to Threshold Limit Value(TLV) in the process of 6 cases of Machining, 5 and 4 cases of pre and post-buffing, and 6 cases of waterdrop-removing, the mean noise level of all of processes was not exceeded to compliance level. 2. The exposure level for dust was not exceeded to TLV at all. 3. The exposure level for Chromium(Cr) was exceeded to TLV in Chromium plating process, metal exposure level including Zinc(Zn), Manganese(Mn), and Lead(Pb) was not exceeded to TLV. 4. The exposure level of toluene in case of organic solvents was exceeded to TLV in 1 case of finishing/cleaning, coating/developing process, respectively. 5. The exposure level of four types of other materials classified by specific chemical substances were not exceeded to TLV. 6. The exposure level for dust and metal including Zn, Mn, and Pb was decreased in comparison with two results of air monitoring performed. There was no difference of the exposure level for Cr, noise, and four types of other materials classified by specific chemical substances, and the exposure level for organic solvents was slightly increased. 7. The exposure level for noise in factories employing more than 21 workers was higher than that for noise in foadtories employing less than 20 workers. The more workers, the lower exposure level in metal including Zn, Mn. The exposure level for Cr was increasing in factories employing more than 51 workers, and the more workers the lower exposure level in organic solvents. Conclusion : According to above results, this study suggests positive work environment managements in processes exceeding exposure limit value as well as continuously consecutive work environment management in processes not exceeding exposure limit value and revealing no chronological difference of exposure level should be needed.

신경성 염증질환에서 지질 신호전달물질인 lactosylceramide의 역할

이윤선, 유재명, 최경미, 이용문, 홍진태, 윤여표, 유환수 충북대학교 약품자원개발연구소 2007 약학논문집 Vol.22 No.-

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생약추출물이 화상에 의한 면역체계의 변화에 미치는 영향

문선인, 김용대, 김헌 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2012 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 당귀, 작약, 시호 등 다양한 약초 성분을 혼합하여 제조한 생약추출물이 화상에 의한 면역체계 변화에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위하여 2도 화상을 입힌 랫드의 피부에 수차례 살 포하고 시간경과에 따른 혈액 내의 cytokine의 변화를 자연치유군과 비교해 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 4주령의 랫드를 15마리씩 양군에 배정하여 2도 화상을 유도한 후 한군은 자연치유 과 정을, 나머지 한 군은 생약추출물을 살포한 후 3일, 6일 그리고 12일 후 혈액 내의 IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α 농도변화를 비교 평가하였다. 결과: 생약처리군의 경우는 주로 화상 초기에 IL-1β의 발현을 증가시켜 신속한 염증반응을 유도함으 로써 상처의 치유속도를 앞당겨 주는 것으로 생각되나 IL-6나 TNF-α의 발현에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보인다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과로 생약추출물이 화상치유에 대한 효과가 어느 정도 있을 것으로 기대되지만 이 를 검증하기 위해서는 보다 대규모의 동물을 대상으로 다양한 종류의 면역지표를 이용한 추가연구를 진행할 필요가 있다.

흰쥐에서 말초신경 손상후 뒤뿌리신경절세포의 신경영양인자와 그 수용체의 발현 양상

백선용,양만석,문총석,김봉선,김재봉,김진정 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.2

급성 포름알데히드 가스 흡입에 의한 흰쥐 후각상피의 형태학적 변화

백선용,전재기,문용석,황승영,노환중,고의경,왕수건 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

알타리무우김치 熟成過程中의 遊離아미노酸의 組成變化

文淑任,趙鏞桂,方良仙 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1985 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried out to compare the charge of free amino acid content in the radish Kimchi added with anchovy pickle sauce(sample A), with that added with 15% NaCl solution(sample B) during 30 days fermentation. The results were summarized as follows; 1. During the fermentation, the pH of both sample A and B showed the highest values of 7.3 and 7.1, respectively, and then both continually decreased to the lowest values of 4.2 at the 30th day. 2. The salininity in the juice of sample A was higher than that of sample B in all the steps during fermentation, accompanied with a slight decrease of salinity with time elapsed in both cases. 3. The free amino type nitrogen content of sample A was nearly doubled in the final step than in the initial one, while that of sample B showed no significant changes in all the processing period. 4. The free amino acids detected in both samples were aspartic acid, threonine, serine, proline, glutamic,acid,glycine,alanine, tyrosine, cysteien, lysine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, Υ-amino butyric acid(?), ornithine, histidine and arginine. 5. The amount of proline and/or arginine was the highest in all the free amino acid content, and tasty compounds derived from amino acids from radish Kimchi seemed to be ascribed to glutamic acid, alanine, isoleucine,leucine and phenylalanine. The amino acids (such as alanine, valine, phenylalanine and lysine.) of anchovy pickle sauce used, seemed to cause Kimchi A to be more tasteful than B.

肺癌組織에서 Carcinoembryonic Antigen의 免疫組織化學的 檢出에 關한 硏究

蘇文永,金仁仙,白承龍 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.3

The advent of immunohistochemical technique has allowed the more conventional visualization by light microscopy of antigenic cellular constituents. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which had been thought to be present in colorectal carcinomas only, was later demonstrated in a variety of malignancies as well as nonmalignant diseases. Using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and immunoperoxidase, the author has attempted to demonstrate CEA in 40 lung cancers and 10 nonmalignant diseases. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Seventeen squamous cell carcinomas among 19, three adenocarcinomas among 4 and only 3 of the 12 small cell carcinomas of the lung were positive for CEA. Two mucoepidermoid tumors and one carcinosarcoma were all positive, whereas one carcinoid tumor and one large cell carcinoma were negative for CEA. 2. In the well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung it was almost exclusively the more keratinized squamous tumor cells that displayed CEA, whereas in the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma the total cell surfaces demonstrated CEA. In mucoepidermoid tumors, the total cell surfaces and the luminal borders of glandular structures were positive for CEA. The stainability of CEA was weak and focal in small cell carcinoma. The stronger staining of CEA was found in the carcinomatous portion of carcinosarcoma. 3. Except two middle lobe syndromes and one tuberculosis of the lung, 2 bronchiectasis, 2 pneumonias and 3 tuberculosis of the lung were positive for CEA, however the staining was weak and mainly found along the luminal border of the bronchiolar epithelial lining cells. In summary, the findings suggested that the immunohistochemical identification of CEA in tissue section processed for routine histopathology was feasible. This might have diagnostic significance to the histopathologist and provide a basis for use of CEA in the follow-up management of patients with lung cancers.

강원도산 참당귀와 일본산 일당귀의 생리 활성 성분 탐색

함문선,김성수,홍종수,이진하,정을권,박영식,이현용 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

참당귀와 일당귀를 에탄올로 추출하였고 이들 추출물들을 디에틸 에테르층과 물층으로 분획하였다. 두 개의 분획물들은 Ames mutagenicity test에서 MNNG(0.5 ㎍/plate)에 대한 강한 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다. 디에틸 에테르 분획물들은 MNNG의 돌연변이원성을 78%에서 80%까지 억제시켜 가장 강한 돌연변이 유발 억제효과를 보여주었다. 각각의 에탄올 추출물(1㎍/㎕)들은 사람의 다양한 암세포들의 성장을 억제시켰다. 특히, 디에틸 에테르 분획물들은 간암 세포의 생육을 90%에서 95%까지 억제시켜 가장 강한 항암효과를 보여주었다. 그러나 수층 분획물들은 암세포의 생육에 대하여 거의 억제활성을 나타내지 않았다. 에탄올 추출물들은 인체의 정상 간세포에 대하여 거의 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 참당귀의 디에틸 에테르 분획물들은 일당귀와 비교하여 20% 미만의 세포독성을 보여주었다. 참당귀와 일당귀 디에틸 에테르 분획물들의 0.5㎍/㎕ 첨가는 T세포와 B세포의 생육의 3~4배 정도 증가에 의한 면역활성을 보여주었다. 또한 참당귀의 디에틸 에테르 분획물(0.7㎍/㎕)이 ACE 활성을 98%까지 억제시켜 혈압을 조절할 수 있음도 증명되었다. TLC로부터, 두 개의 디에틸 에테르 분획물들은 참당귀와 일당귀의 활성 성분중의 하나로 알려진 umbelliferon을 함유함을 알 수 있었다. The ethanol extracts from Anglica gigas Nakai and Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa were fractionated to diethyl ether and aqueous partitions. Both partitions had strong antimutagenic effect on the MNNG (N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) by Ames mutagenicity of MNNG with inhibition of 78~80%. The ethanol extracts from both species showed the inhibitory effect on the growth of several human cancer cell lines. Especially, the diethyl ether fraction from ethanol extracts was most effective on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, inhibiting 90~95% of cell growth. However, the aqueous fractions had least inhibition activity on many cancer cells. There was little cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell by ethanol extracts. Diethyl ether fraction from Angelica gigas Nakai ethanol extract had cytotoxicity les than 20% on human normal liver cells, compared with that from Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa ethanol exract. The adding of 0.5 (g/ℓ) of diethyl ether fractions of Angelica gigas Nakai or Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa increased immune activity by enhacing human B and T cells up to three to four times. It was proven that diethyl ether fraction (0.7 g/ℓ) from Angelica gigas Nakai could control blood pressure by suppressing angiotensin converting enzyme activity up to 98%. From TLC, it was appeared that both of diethyl ether partitions had umbelliferon, known to one of active substances from Angelica gigas Nakai and Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa.

다중 연산을 고려한 XML 문서의 접근제어

반용호,문준선,박경순,배경만,김종훈 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

The growth in interchange of business and other sensitive data has led to increasing interest in access control. Access control for XML is receiving significant attention as XML is gaining popularity for storing and exchanging information. Until now, research on XML security has been focused on the security of data communication using digital signatures or encryption technologies. As XML is also used for a data representation of data storage, XML security comes to involve not only communication security but also managerial security. In this paper, we discuss an XML access control model and propose a technique that supports not only read operations but also update operations.