Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Kim, Sokho,Oh, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong,Park, Byoung-Yong,Park, Chul,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kwon, Jungkee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Sokho Kim,Myung-Hoon Oh,Bum-Seok Kim,Won-Il Kim,Ho-Seong Cho,Byoung-Yong Park,Chul Park,Gee-Wook Shin,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been suffi- ciently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to 200mM) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/ mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

기업에서의 디자인 방법론의 도입실태와 전망에 관한 한·일 비교연구

조용호 한국디자인과학학회 1999 디자인과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

디자인은 그 최초의 계획이 애매한 채 출발하여, 정보의 취급과 정보처리도 애매한 채로 진행할 수밖에 없다. 더욱이, 최후의 아웃폿은, 도면이나 수치 데이터, 혹은 마무리된 정밀 모델 등, 엄밀한 정보화를 구현해야 하는 것다. 제품표면이 안개와 같이 희미해도 좋은 것이라도, 정보처리로부터의 애매한 추론에 의해, 최종해를 이끄는 방법이 있을 듯 하지만, 현실은 표면을 희미하게 할 수는 없다. 이에 본질적인 어려움, 즉 解의 다양성과 결정의 곤란서이 있다. 그러나, 디자인은 역으로 이것을 이용해 디자이너의 자의성, 자유의사를 추론과 모순되지 않는 형태로 파고드는 것에 의해 解에 이르고 있다. 이렇게 파고드는 것이 기호성을 낳거나, 때로는 독창성을 낳는다. 시장이라고 하는 밖으로부터의 정보에 기초하는 추론과, 디자이너가 내재하고 있는 의사라고 하는 전혀 관계없는 것처럼 보이는 두 개의 동기를 베이스로 하여, 제품이라고 하는 하나의 구체적인 통합체를 일거에 생성한다(설계한다)고 하는 작업이 프로덕트 디자인이다. Design methodology has been Introduce for 30 years. it gave the hope of new teaming system In design that modelling was the only way to actualize the hand drawing. Since It gave enormous influence to the design business, design education and theory of design. It has arrived In today through the many transition process with the affirmative and negative side. it could be too early compare Korea with Japan that importance of the viewpoint of design methodology. But there are two important alms the compare these two countris. The first one Is that although the design methodology has a character of educational system with the limited area, It need to be examining the possibility of applying the design methodology In two country's enterprises. The second one is that find out two country's main design methodology and difference of methodology in industrial design process.

貯藏血液中 赤血球의 Evan's Blue 吸收에 關한 實驗的 硏究

曺龍鎬 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Non-nucleated mature erythrocyte of human blood placed at 4℃ in darkness for either 4 hours or 10 days was centrifuged and the oxygen consumption rate was measured upon the addition either methylene blue or Evan’s blue with the aid of Barcroft-Warburg apparatus. The effect of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid on the Evans blue uptake rate in the presence 580 mM glucose was observed and the experimental results are as follows; 1) In three hour incubation, the mature erythrocyte in storage for 4 hours consumed about 1.99 times more oxygen than that stored for 10 days. 2) The correlation coefficient for erythrocyte stored for 4 hours was +0.956 with slope of 0.24 whereas the correspondent figures for the erythrocyte stored for 10 days, +0.971 with a slope of 0.07, the difference of slope being about 2.4 times. 3) At the end of 180 times of incubation the mature erythrocyte treated with Evan’s blue (52 μM) consumed 3.43 times more oxygen than untreated group. The erythrocyte stored for 4 hours (167.8 μl) consumed more oxygen than did that stored for 10 days (84.8 μl) by 1.97 times at 3 hours. 4) The dye uptake rate of Evan’s blue in the mature erythrocyte of storage for 1 hour was found to be kinetically proportional in function of incubation period. But this effect tended to be adversely affected by the prolongation of storage period. 5) The effect of 20 mM dehydro-L-ascorbic acid on the uptake rate of Evan’s blue in the stored blood was found to be gradually increased by the prolongation of incubation period; for a incubation period of 120 minutes, 60.9% dye uptake was registered in the matured erythrocyte of storage fo 1 hours in contrast that of control(42.2%), a 1.4-fold increase. 6) The effect of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid increases in the percent dye uptake from the commencement of incubation; between 10 and 40 minutes of incubation the influence of this substance was greatest. In the case of the mature erythrocyte of storage for 24 days, the effect of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid was unobservable, the percent dye uptake, instead, decreased in function of incubation period when compared to that of control group. The experimental results are indicative that the mechanism for the decreased oxygen consumption by the mature erythrocyte of storage for 10 days more than did that of the stored for 4 days is the decrease in the concentration of 2.3-diphosphoglycerate in the stored erythrocyte. Evan’s blue exerts an acceleratory effect on the hexose monophosphote shunt in non-nucleated mature erythrocyte and the addition of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid is considered to accelerate this enhancing effect.

심리적 연습방법의 차이가 운동 수행과 학습에 미치는 효과

조춘호,정용민 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the differences of psychological practice method on the motor performance and learning. Subjects were 30 junior high school students in 9th grades who were randomly divided into kinesthetic Imagery group (l0males), motor performance group(10males), Control group(10males). Data obtained from all subjects in three acquisition and retention trials blocks were analyzed. Analysis performed on the acquisition trials were a 3×4(condition×trial block) analysis of variance(ANOVA)with repeated measures on the second factor. The retention trials were analyzed in a 3×2(condition×trial block) analysis of variance(ANOVA)with repeated measures on the second factor. Dependent measures was absolute error(AE) and variable error(VE). The conclusions were as follows: 1. The absolute error in the acquisition phase and retention phase showed that kinesthetic Imagery group performed significantly better than motor performance group and control group. 2. The variable error in the acquisition phase and retention phase showed that kinesthetic Imagery group performed significantly better than motor performance group and control group. 3. By the way, For the interaction effects, there was no significant difference among all the groups in the variable error and absolute error during the phase.

지구화·지방화 시대의 국문학 연구와 교육

조용호 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 人文學論叢 Vol.3 No.-

Many scholars of the humanities may say that nowadays are the age of crisis in the humanities, and worry about that crisis. Researchers of Korean literature, a part of the humanities, are anxious about this circumstance. But the important thing is not a voice of exclamation itself but an effort to overcome the crisis. From the late of last century, we have said that these days are the age of globalization, therefore we must prepare the future as soon as possible. On the other side, some people maintain that the present is the age of localization, so we must embody a particular value of locality. I think both opinions are interdependent rather than contradictory. What should we do, as researchers of Korean literature, in this age of globalization and localization? I think that, first of all, a professor of Korean literature should have a concern for an education. Of course, study is demanded as a precedent condition for education. To carry out properly a study and an education, in addition to enhance an authority of Korean literature, we must receive the western methodology extensively and apply it to the Korean literature positively, and then identify an universality of Korean literature. Eventually, the Korean literature will be established firmly a position as a member of the world literature by these work. Reversely, researchers should choose the text which is connected closely with the local community, for corresponding with the interest for the local community and the local self-government. If we could extract the universality of Korean literature from a particular and local text, the text becomes an important property making rich the world literature. When we approach to the Korean literature by the valuable text in a practical teaching, students of the class will take much more interests in the Korean literature. The inspiring these interests just become a way to overcome the crisis of the humanities. In the last part of this essay, I present an example of analysis of a local text, that is Chang Han-cheol's Pyohaerok, by means of several conceptions of narratology, one of universal methods. Those conceptions are anachrony of events disposition in story and plot, point of view and characterization. As a result, I proved that the Pyohaerok could be a worthy literary work. It means that the local text, Pyohaerok in my study, can become a good member of the world literature.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.