Synthesis and photovoltaic characterization of D/A structure compound based on N-substituted phenothiazine and benzothiadiazole

Yun, D.H.,Yoo, H.S.,Heo, S.W.,Song, H.J.,Moon, D.K.,Woo, J.W.,Park, Y.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2013 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.19 No.2

In this study, poly [(N-10'-dodecyl-phenothizin-3,7-ylene)-alt-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)] (P1) and poly [(N-10'-dodecyl-phenothiazin-3,7-ylene)-alt-(5',6'-dioctyloxy-benzothiadiazole-bithiophene)] (P2) were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Optical and electrochemical characteristics of the synthesized polymers, P1 and P2, were then analyzed, indicating that their wavelength of maximum absorption was 453nm and 533nm, respectively, and their band-gap was 1.93eV and 1.74eV, respectively. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic cells created by using P1 and P2 were 0.74% (P1:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM=1:4,w/w) and 1.00% (P2:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM=1:3,w/w), respectively, and the short circuit current density (J<SUB>SC</SUB>), fill factor (FF), and open circuit voltage (V<SUB>OC</SUB>) of the device were 3.5mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, 31.8%, and 0.68V, respectively, for P1 and 3.9mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, 32.7%, and 0.78V, respectively, for P2.

혼합형 전류 구동 D/A 컨버터 설계 제작에 있어서 데이터 가중평균기법을 적용한 신뢰성 향상에 관한 연구

김순도(S. D. Kim),우영신(Y. S. Woo),김두곤(D. G. Kim),성만영(M. Y. Sung) 대한전기학회 1999 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.7

Effects of Active Immunization against Somatostatin or its Analogues on Milk Protein Synthesis of Rat Mammary Gland Cells

Kim, J.Y.,Cho, K.K.,Chung, M.I.,Kim, J.D.,Woo, J.H.,Yun, C.H.,Choi, Y.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.4

Effects of active immunization against native 14-mer somatostatin (SRIF, somatotropin releasing inhibiting factor) and its two 14-mer-somatostatin analogues on the milk production in rat mammary cells were studied. Native SRIF, Tyr11-somatostatin (Tyr11-SRIF), and D-Trp8, D-Cys14-somatostatin (Trp8Cys14-SRIF) were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for immunogen preparation. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and immunized against saline (Control), SRIF, Tyr11-SRIF, and Trp8Cys14-SRIF at five weeks of age. Booster immunizations were performed at 7, 9, and 11 weeks of age. SRIFimmunized rats were mated at 10 weeks of age. The blood and mammary glands were collected at day 15 post-pregnancy and -lactation. To measure the amount of milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland, mammary cells isolated from the pregnant and the lactating rats, were cultured in the presence of $^3H$-lysine. No significant differences in growth performance, concentration of growth hormone in the circulation, and the amount of milk protein synthesis were observed among the groups. Inductive levels of serum anti-SRIF antibody in the SRIF and Tyr11-SRIF groups but not in the Trp8Cys14-SRIF group, were significantly higher than that of the control group during the pregnancy and lactation periods. The result suggests that active immunization against native 14-mer SRIF and Tyr11-SRIF was able to induce anti-SRIF antibodies, but did not affect the milk protein synthesis.

Characteristics of Adherence and Invasion of Staphylococcus lugdunensis to Human Oral Epithelial Cells

Cha, J. D.,Lee, S. H.,Jung, K. Y.,Lim, D.S.,Woo, W. H.,Kim, K. J. Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.2

Staphulococcus lugdunensis is one of the most common pathogens in coagulase-negative staphylococci. Adhesion and invasion of S. lugdunensis to oral epithelial cells were demonstrated by recovery of viable organisms from gentamicin-treated KB cells, human oral epidemoid carcinoma cells. Adhesion was found to be time dependent and increased linearly with increasing number of bacteria added (10^3-10^5 CFU/well). Bacterial adhesion to the KB cells occurred via a cytochalasin B- and D-insensitive process. To clarify the time point and characteristics of S. lugdunensis invasion of KB cells, bacteria (10^4 CFU/well) were cocultered for several different times (1-5 hr) with or without cytochalasin B (1 ㎍/ml), follwed by additional coculture for 2hr in the presence of gentamicin (100㎍/ml). No bacteria were recovered at 2 hr, but a few colonies were detected after 3 hr of coculture. In addition, cytochalasin B also did not affect invasion of S. lugdunensis into KB cells. The data obtained here demonstrate that S. lugdunensis can adhere to the KB cells via a cytoskeletal actin protein-independent process; however its invasion through the cellular membrane is unclear. These data suggest a tissue-specific characteristic of pathogenesis for S. lugdunensis in in vivo.

Yarrowia lipolytica의 Multicopy Integration Vector 개발

김정윤,우문희,Dewey D.Y. Ryu 한국산업미생물학회 1995 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Multicopy integration vector는 복제수가 많고 non-selective한 환경조건 하에서도 매우 안정되게 유지가 되기 때문에 heterologous 유전자를 발현시키는데 매우 유용한 벡터 시스템이다. Yarrowia lipolytica의 multicopy integration vector를 개발하기 위하여 Y. lipolytica로부터 P-type rDNA를 클로닝하였다. 이 클론된 rDNA의 HindIII-BglII 절편과 promoter 지역을 포함하고 있지 않은 URA3 유전자를 pGEM1 plasmid에 삽입하여 제조한 벡터를 pMIYL-1과 pMIYL-2로 명명하였다. RDNA 절편은 벡터와 chromosomal DNA 사이에 homologous recombination을 유도하기 위한 것이며, promoterless URA3는 불완전한 표지 유전자로서 multicopy integration을 유발시키기 위한 것이다. PMIYL-1은 rDNA의 HindIII-BglII 절편내에 유일한 제한효소 자리로서 KpnI을 가지고 있고, pMIYL-2는 KpnI과 EcoRI을 가지고 있다. 이 벡터들을 Y. lipolytica에 도입한 후에 형질 전환체를 선별하여 copy 수와 안정성을 검사한 결과, 벡터의 copy 수는 5개 이하로 존재하고 non-selective 배지에서도 매우 안정하게 유지가 됨을 알 수 있었다. Multicopy integration vector is a very useful vector system in that they can be integrated into chromosomal DNA in several copies and stably maintained under non-selective conditions. To develop a multicopy integration vector system in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, P-type ribosomal DNA was cloned from Y. lipolytica. A HindIII-BglII fragment of the cloned rDNA and a promoterless URA3 gene were inserted into pGEM1, generating multicopy integration vectors, pMIYL-1 and pMIYL-2. The rDNA fragment is for targeted homologous recombination between the vector and the chromosomal DNA of Y. lipolytica, and the promoterless URA3 gene is a defective selection marker for inducing multicopy integration. pMIYL-1 and pMIYL-2 have an unique restriction enzyme site, KpnI, and two unique restriction enzyme sites, KpnI and EcoRI, repectively, which can be used for targeting of the vectors into the rDNA of Y. lipolytica chromosomal DNA. After transformation of the vectors into Y. lipolytica, copy number and stability were analyzed by Southern hybridization. The vectors were found to be present in less than 5 copies per cell and were stably maintained during growth in non-selective media.

1987년 한국에서 발생한 렙토스피라병의 혈청역학적 조사

이증훈,박영수,이우곤,김석용,정선식,우준희,박성광,박경희,송영욱,김선영,기정일,최두혁,강성귀,김주완,최강원,김우열,최명식,최인학,장우현,윤성열 대한감염학회 1988 감염 Vol.20 No.3

Human leptospirosis was an unfamiliar disease in Korea until 1984 that outbreak of leptospirosis occurred among farmers and soldiers after field works for harvesting rice. During that time, Lee and Jo confirmed the first Korean cases of leptospirosis by serological test, isolation of causative agent and autopy findings. Afterward several outbreaks occurred also during autumn especially after flood in every years and some characterisitcs of leptospirosis in Korea such as clinical manifestations, serotypes and seroepidemiological features has been revealed by many investigators. Because of the major mode of transmission between rodents and human is by direct contact with leptospiral urine of rodents or contaminated soil by the urine, leptospirosis in Korea has been primarily a disease of person in occupations heavily exposed to contaminated soil or infected urine such as farmer, army and etc. Therefore it seems that leptospirosis is one of the main communicable diseases to be controlled urgently in Korea, for an agricultural people account for almost half of total Korean people. For clarifying the seroepidemiological patterns of human leptospirosis in Korea by sex, month region and main reacting serovars of L. interrogans among acute febrile disease occurred in 1987, 1,773 patient's sers with acute febrile episodes were tested by microagglutination test using 19 representative strains of leptospiral serogroup as antigen. All of those sera were collected from 10 collaborative clinics located in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam province and Seoul. The results wee summerized as follows. 1) Among 1,773 sera of patients with acute febrile episodes, 219 (12.4%) were seropositive to L. interrogans, 487(27.5%) to R. tsutsugamushi, 241(13.6%) to R.typhi and 160(90.0%) to Hantaan virus. 2) Among seropositives to L.interrogans, the male outnumbered the female, 65% and 35%. 3) For age distribution, 26.9% of seropositives to L.interrogans were fifties, 19.6% were forties, 9.1% were sixties, 5.9% were thirties and 4.1% were twenties. 4) Eighty three percent of seropositives had occurred between September and October in 1987 with a peak in September. 5) Main leptospiral serovars reactive to patient's sera were Icterohaemorrhagiae(54.3%), Canicola(31.0%), CH-48(13.2%), Tarassovi(0.9%)and Cynopteri(0.5%). 6) For regional distribution, 65.8% of seropositives to L.interrogans were residents from Chonbuk, 12.3% were Chonnam, 7.3% were Chungnam, 5.5% were Kyunggi and 1.4% were Kangwon.

14.6 A GeV ^28Si 중이온이 원자핵건판내에서 발생시킨 핵반응에서 생성된 2차입자의 발생각 분포

김종오,김태연,남신우,신택수,우종관,이세병,임계엽,장세덕,조재희,천병구,임인택,김기영 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.6 No.-

14.6A GeV^28Si 중이온이 원자핵 건판내에서 발생시킨 N_h=1인 핵반응에서 생성된 47개의 파쇄 α 입자와 537개의 단일하전 2차입자의 발생각들을 측정하여 변수 exp(γ-η_b)의 포괄적 분포를 회귀함수 dN=exp[a+χ{exp(γ-η_b)d{exp(γ-η_b)}로 적합시켰다. 여기서 의사신속도 γ=arctanh(cosθ)=-ln tan(θ/2)이고, 입사 중이온의 신속도 η_b=3.445이다. 그 적합결과 파쇄 α입자의 경우 χ=-0.052±0.011이고, 파쇄 p입자의 경우 χ=-0.141±0.015이었다. For LS emission angles of 47 α fragments and 537 single-charged shower particles, produced by the N_h (the number of heavyprongs)=1 interactions of 14.6 A GeV^28Si nuclei in the nuclear emulsion, the distribution of the parameter exp(γ-η_b) is well expressed by dN=exp[a+χ{exp(γ-η_b)d{exp(γ-η_b)}with χ=-0.052±0.011 for αfragments and χ=-0.141±0.015 for p 'fragments', where the pseudorapidity of secondaries γ=arctanh(cosθ)=-ln tan(θ/2) and the rapidity of incident heavy ions, η_b=3.445.

Synthesis and fluorescence study of water-soluble conjugated polymers for efficient FRET-based DNA detection

Nayak, R.R.,Nag, O.K.,Woo, H.Y.,Hwang, S.,Vak, D.,Korystov, D.,Jin, Y.,Suh, H. Elsevier 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Two cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPs, P1i and P2i) were synthesized and examined as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor to fluorescein (Fl)-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA-Fl) using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The two polymers have the same π-conjugation with the main structural difference being the presence of the spiro-anthracenyl substituents orthogonal to the polymer backbone of P2i. These spiro-substituents can function as a molecular spacer that increases the intermolecular separation in the electrostatic complex with ssDNA-Fl. We measured almost complete PL quenching of the excited Fl* after electrostatic complexation with P1i (PL lifetime 4ns->78ps) and relatively moderate quenching with P2i (PL lifetime 4ns->552ps). A quenching efficiency (Φ<SUB>eT</SUB>) of 98% and 86% was obtained for P1i/ssDNA-Fl and for P2i/ssDNA-Fl, respectively. Both systems have same thermodynamic driving force for quenching as a result of them having the same electronic structures. This discrepancy can be explained in terms of the reduced quenching (via electron transfer, eT) by the increased D-A distance due to the existence of spiro-attached molecular spacers in P2i. It shows that thermodynamically favorable eT quenching can be controlled kinetically by modulating the D-A intermolecular distance using molecular spacers, which suggests an important molecular design guideline for efficient CPs-based DNA detection.

pH-Controlled Synthesis of Cephalexin by a Purified Acetobacter turbidans Ampicillin Acylase

NAM, DOO HYUN,RYU, YEON WOO,RYU, DEWEY D. Y. 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

It has been known that, in enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin, the conversion yield was reduced by high loading of ampiicillin acylase. In order to elucidate this phenomena, pH-controlled synthesis of cephalexin was examined using a purified Acetobacter turbidans acylase. When the pH of the reaction mixture was maintained at 6.20±0.04, the reduction of the maximal conversion rate was not observed even with high enzyme loading. The kinetic parameters also suggest that pH drop during the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin was mainly attributed to the rapid hydrolysis of D-a-phenylglycine methyl ester to D-a-phenylglycine, rather than the disappearance of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid for cephalexin synthesis. At highter molar ratio of two substrates. [D-a-phenylglycine methyl ester]/[7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid], the conversion rate was also elevated under pH-controlled enzymatic synthesis, which implies that the main reason for the pH drop is due to the production of D-a-phenylglycine. In order to reduce the hydrolysis of D-a-phenylglycine methyl ester, the effect of a water-methanol cosolvent system on the conversion profile was also examined. Even though the conversion rate was increased in 10% methanol solution, a higher than 16% methanol in the reaction mixture caused an inactivation of enzyme.

pH-Controlled Synthesis of Cephalexin by a Purified Acetobacter turbidans Ampicillin Acylase

NAM, DOO HYUN,RYU, YEON WOO,DEWEY D. Y. RYU 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.2

It has been known that, in enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin, the conversion yield was reduced by high loading of ampicillin acylase. In order to elucidate this phenomena, pH-controlled synthesis of cephalexin was examined using a purified Acetobacter turbidans acylase. When the pH of the reaction mixture was maintained at 6.20±0.04, the reduction of the maximal conversion rate was not observed even with high enzyme loading. The kinetic parameters also suggest that pH drop during the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin was mainly attributed to the rapid hydrolysis of D-α-phenylglycine methyl ester to D-α-phenylglycine, rather than the disappearance of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid for cephalexin synthesis. At higher molar ratio of two substrates, [D-α-phenylglycine methyl esterl/[7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid], the conversion rate was also elevated under pH-controlled enzymatic synthesis, which implies that the main reason for the pH drop is due to the production of D-α-phenylglycine. In order to reduce the hydrolysis of D-α-phenylglycine methyl ester, the effect of a water-methanol cosolvent system on the conversion profile was also examined. Even though the conversion rate was increased in 10% methanol solution, a higher than 16% methanol in the reaction mixture caused an inactivation of enzyme.