An Improved Evolutionary Strategy of Genetic Algorithm and a New Method on Generation of Initial Population When Using Genetic Algorithms for Solving Constrained Optimization Problems

Xu Sun1,Fulin Wang,Shifa Wen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.7 No.4

The Kinetics of Anodic Dissolution and Repassivation on 316L Stainless Steel in Borate Buffer Solution Studied by Abrading Electrode Technique

( H S Xu1 ),( D B Sun ),( H Y Yu ),( H M Meng ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2015 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.14 No.6

The capacity of passive metal to repassivate after film damage determines the development of local corrosion and the resistance to corrosion failures. In this work, the repassivation kinetics of 316L stainless steel (316LSS) was investigated in borate buffer solution (pH 9. 1) using a novel abrading electrode technique. The repassivation kinetics was analyzed in terms of the current density flowing from freshly bare 316L SS surface as measured by a potentiostatic method. During the early phase of decay (t < 2 s), according to the Avrami kinetics-based film growth model, the transient current was separated into anodic dissolution (idiss) and film formation (ifilm) components and analyzed individually. The film reformation rate and thickness were compared according to applied potential. Anodic dissolution initially dominated the repassivation for a short time, and the amount of dissolution increased with increasing applied potential in the passive region. Film growth at higher potentials occurred more rapidly compared to at lower potentials. Increasing the applied potential from 0 VSCE to 0. 8 VSCE resulted in a thicker passive film (0. 12 to 0. 52 nm). If the oxide monolayer covered the entire bare surface (θ=1), the electric field strength through the thin passive film reached 1. 6 × 107 V/cm.

A Research on the Construction of golf Course and Its Surrounding Area in China from the Perspective of “Ecology-Production-Life” Space

Haolong Xu(Haolong Xu),Fengli Sun(Fengli Sun) 동북아경상학회 2022 동북아경상연구 Vol.3 No.2

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze and provide solutions to the current problems of golf courses and surrounding land in China, guided by the concept of “ecology-production-living” space and using scientific and objective analysis while selecting appropriate indicators. This paper hopes to optimize the utilization value of golf courses and their surrounding space in China and provide a new and feasible basis and method for the rational development and popularization of golf in China based on the country’s actual situation. Design/Methodology/Approach - Combining with domestic and foreign theories and research, this paper analyzed the “ecology-production-life” space problems in golf course and its surrounding area, and draws a series of corresponding conclusions or strategies. Findings - This paper studies the strategic measures for the sustainable development of Chinese golf from the perspective of “ecology-production-life” space are obtained. Research Implications - In terms of the managerial implication of this paper, this study provides a new feasible basis and method for the rational development and popularization of golf in China. It also has certain practical significance for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.

Effects of maternal dietary energy restriction on laying performance, embryonic development, and lipid metabolism in broilers

Sun, Hao,Chen, Zhihui,Ma, Chengzhan,Lian, Lina,Zhao, Zeyu,Niu, Shupeng,Xu, Liangmei,Sun, Jinhua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.5

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of maternal dietary energy restriction on lipid deposition in embryonic tissues during the medium laying period (37 to 39 weeks) in Arbor Acres (AA) broiler breeders. Methods: A single factor design was adopted, and 400 AA broiler breeders (20 weeks of age) with a similar weight were randomly allocated into four groups. The birds in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet, and those in trial groups were fed diets with 80%, 70%, and 50% energy levels of the basal diet. Incubated eggs from the medium laying period were collected. Samples of developing embryos at various stages were prepared for composition analysis. Results: The embryo weight in the 80% energy group was higher than those of the other groups on embryonic day (E) 13, but at 21 E, they were significantly decreased with decreasing energy intake of the broiler breeders (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of crude fat in tissues in the restriction groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The long axis and area of adipocytes in breast muscle, thigh muscle and the liver were significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 21 E in the 80%, 70%, and 50% energy groups. Conclusion: The effects of the 80% maternal dietary energy restriction energy affects egg production performance, egg quality, and nutrient deposition in egg weights, which then directly impacts on the developmental process of embryos, especially on fat utilization and deposition.

Proteomic analysis of amino acid metabolism differences between wild and cultivated Panax ginseng

Sun, Hang,Liu, Fangbing,Sun, Liwei,Liu, Jianzeng,Wang, Manying,Chen, Xuenan,Xu, Xiaohao,Ma, Rui,Feng, Kai,Jiang, Rui The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: The present study aimed to compare the relative abundance of proteins and amino acid metabolites to explore the mechanisms underlying the difference between wild and cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) at the amino acid level. Methods: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used to identify the differential abundance of proteins between wild and cultivated ginseng. Total amino acids in wild and cultivated ginseng were compared using an automated amino acid analyzer. The activities of amino acid metabolism-related enzymes and the contents of intermediate metabolites between wild and cultivated ginseng were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Our results showed that the contents of 14 types of amino acids were higher in wild ginseng compared with cultivated ginseng. The amino acid metabolism-related enzymes and their derivatives, such as glutamate decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine, all had high levels of accumulation in wild ginseng. The accumulation of sulfur amino acid synthesis-related proteins, such as methionine synthase, was also higher in wild ginseng. In addition, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related enzymes as well as their intermediates had high levels of accumulation in wild ginseng. Conclusion: This study elucidates the differences in amino acids between wild and cultivated ginseng. These results will provide a reference for further studies on the medicinal functions of wild ginseng.

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Targeted Delivery Platform for Precision Therapy

Sun Yuntong,Sun Fengtian,Xu Wenrong,Qian Hui 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2023 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.20 No.2

Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based cell-free strategy has shown therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration. Due to their important roles in intercellular communications and their natural ability to shield cargos from degradation, EVs are also emerged as novel delivery vehicles for various bioactive molecules and drugs. Accumulating studies have revealed that EVs can be modified to enhance their efficacy and specificity for the treatment of many diseases. Engineered EVs are poised as the next generation of targeted delivery platform in the field of precision therapy. In this review, the unique properties of EVs are overviewed in terms of their biogenesis, contents, surface features and biological functions, and the recent advances in the strategies of engineered EVs construction are summarized. Additionally, we also discuss the potential applications of engineered EVs in targeted therapy of cancer and damaged tissues, and evaluate the opportunities and challenges for translating them into clinical practice.

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats Exposed to High Altitude Hypoxia Environment

Xu, Chunlan,Sun, Rui,Qiao, Xiangjin,Xu, Cuicui,Shang, Xiaoya,Niu, Weining,Chao, Yu The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.4

The study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in the high altitude hypoxia-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Control), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia + vitamin E (250 mg/kg $BW^*d$) (HV) groups. After the third day, the HH and HV groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 days. The rats in the HV group were given vitamin E by gavage daily for 8 days. The other rats were given equal volume saline. The results showed that high altitude hypoxia caused the enlargement of heart, liver, lung and kidney, and intestinal villi damage. Supplementation with vitamin E significantly alleviated hypoxia-caused damage to the main organs including intestine, increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05), diamino oxidase (DAO) (p< 0.01) levels, and decreased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p< 0.01), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p<0.001), interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001), and decreased the serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the S-IgA (p<0.001) in ileum and significantly improved the expression levels of occludin and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, and decreased the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha ($HIF-1{\alpha}$ and $HIF-2{\alpha}$), Toll-like receptors (TLR4), P-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65(NF-${\kappa}B$ P65) in ileum compared to the HH group. This study suggested that vitamin E protectis from intestinal injury caused by high altitude hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the HIF and TLR4/NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

Resistance of Cucumber Grafting Rootstock Pumpkin Cultivars to Chilling and Salinity Stresses

Xu, Yang,Guo, Shi-rong,Li, He,Sun, Hong-zhu,Lu, Na,Shu, Sheng,Sun, Jin Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.2

Grafting using a pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) rootstock is an effective way to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus) resistance to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses. We evaluated the tolerance of 15 pumpkin cultivars to chilling, salinity, and combined stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Selected plant characteristics, including germination rate, germination potential, germination index, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight, were analyzed. We used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean for cluster analyses to determine the stress tolerance levels of the pumpkin cultivars. The 15 cultivars were divided into three clusters: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to stress treatments. The stress tolerances of all cultivars were variable in the germination and seedling stages, and most cultivars were not tolerant to individual treatments of chilling or salinity stresses at both stages. These results suggest that identifying suitable cultivars for use as rootstock during cucumber grafting should involve the evaluation of stress tolerance during different growth stages. Additionally, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress may not be tolerant to salinity stress; therefore, the choice of pumpkin rootstock should depend on where the grafted plant will be grown. Cultivars tolerant to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses may be useful as rootstock for cucumber grafting. Our findings may serve as reference material for choosing appropriate pumpkin rootstocks for cucumber grafting.

Deficit irrigation and silicate spray applied since blooming period improved strawberry fruit quality without reducing fruit size

Xu Xiangnan,Lei Xihong,Zou Guoyuan,Liao Shangqiang,Sun Na,Sun Yanxin,Li Yanmei 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.1

The drought stress created by defi cit irrigation has been widely introduced into production for fruit quality improvement, whilst silicon is considered as a functional element in plant antistress process. To explore the infl uence of defi cit irrigation and silicon application on the strawberry fruit quality and the plant’s response to drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted. The impacts of the treatments start-time was also evaluated. The plants were subjected to two irrigation regimes, defi cit irrigation (DI) or full irrigation, and two foliar sprays, 0.01 mol L − 1 Na 2 SiO 3 (Si) or water, with two treatment start-time, as after fi rst bloom (Fr) or after transplanting. Therefore, there were 6 diff erent treatments (consider ing treatment start-time) and a control group, which were DI, FrDI, Si, FrSi, DISi, FrDISi and CK. As a result, the DI signifi cantly increased the leaf ascorbate, leaf anthocyanins and specifi c leaf weight by 93.5%, 109.9% and 24.5%, but it also reduced fruit reducing sugars concentration and single fruit mass by 25.1% and 12.6%, respectively. Whilst the FrDI increased specifi c leaf weight by 27.9% and had no negative eff ect on fruit quality. The timing of starting silicate spray didn’t infl uence leaf morphology or fruit quality, but the FrSi signifi cantly increased the percentage of leaf sucrose to total sugars by 9.0%, and the Si didn’t. The DISi and FrDISi tended to increase the concentration of fruit sugars, glutamate, polyphenols, and organic acids. Although the DISi showed more obvious eff ect on improving the fruit nutritive values, the FrDISi tended to have lighter negative impact on fruit size, compared to CK. We concluded that the combination of defi cit irrigation and silicate spray started after the fi rst bloom could eff ectively improve the fruit sugars, glutamate and polyphenols, without reducing the fruit size, due to the mitigation of plant antistress response.

Series D : Bianshi Problem as the Bridge from "Entering the Way" to "Transcending the Way": The Cultural Characteristic of Bianshi Problem in Chinese Math Education

( Xu Hua Sun ),( Ngai Ying Wong ),( Chi Chung Lam ) 한국수학교육학회 2005 수학교육연구 Vol.9 No.2