Effects of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rd, Rg3, F2, and compound K in healthy volunteers treated orally with red ginseng

Kim, Jeon-Kyung,Choi, Min Sun,Jeung, Woonhee,Ra, Jehyeon,Yoo, Hye Hyun,Kim, Dong-Hyun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4

Background: It is well recognized that gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of ginsenosides by converting the polar ginsenosides to nonpolar bioactive ginsenosides. However, the roles of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in humans have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: Red ginseng (RG) or fermented red ginseng was orally administered to 34 healthy Korean volunteers, and the serum concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the fecal ginsenoside Rd- and compound K (CK)eforming activities were measured. Then, the correlations between the pharmacokinetic profiles of the ginsenosides and the fecal ginsenoside-metabolizing activities were investigated. Results: For the RG group, the area under the serum concentratione-time curve values of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and CK were 8.20 ± 11.95 ng·h/mL, 4.54 ± 3.70 ng·h/mL, 36.40 ± 19.68 ng·h/mL, and 40.30 ± 29.83 ng·h/mL, respectively. For the fermented red ginseng group, the the area under curve from zero to infinity (AUC<SUB>∞</SUB>) values of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and CK were 187.90 ± 95.87 ng·h/mL, 30.24 ± 41.87 ng·h/mL, 28.68 ± 14.27 ng·h/mL, and 137.01 ± 96.16 ng·h/mL, respectively. The fecal CK-forming activities of the healthy volunteers were generally proportional to their ginsenoside Rd-eforming activities. The area under the serum concentration-time curve value of CK exhibited an obvious positive correlation (r = 0.566, p < 0.01) with the fecal CK-forming activity. Conclusion: The gut microbiota may play an important role in the bioavailability of the nonpolar RG ginsenosides by affecting the biotransformation of the ginsenosides.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Improves Peyer`s Patch Cell-Mediated Immunoglobulin A and Tight-Junction Expression in a Destructed Gut Microbial Environment

( Sung Hwan Kim ),( Woonhee Jeung ),( Il Dong Choi ),( Ji Woong Jeong ),( Dong Eun Lee ),( Chul Sung Huh ),( Geun Bae Kim ),( Seong Soo Hong ),( Jae Jung Shim ),( Jung Lyoul Lee ),( Jae Hun Sim ),( Yo 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.6

To evaluate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Peyer`s patch cells, mice were treated with a high dose of kanamycin to disturb the gut microbial environment. The overarching goal was to explore the potential of LAB for use as a dietary probiotic that buffers the negative consequences of antibiotic treatment. In vitro, LAB stimulated the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from isolated Peyer`s patch cells. Inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) were up-regulated in Caco-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while tight-junction-related genes (ZO-1 and occludin) were down-regulated; the effects of LPS on inflammatory gene and tight-junction gene expression were reversed by treatment with LAB. Mice treated with a high dose of kanamycin showed increased serum IgE levels and decreases in serum IgA and fecal IgA levels; the number of Peyer`s patch cells decreased with kanamycin treatment. However, subsequent LAB treatment was effective in reducing the serum IgE level and recovering the serum IgA and fecal IgA levels, as well as the number of Peyer`s patch cells. In addition, ZO-1 and occludin mRNA levels were up-regulated in the ileum tissues of mice receiving LAB treatment. Lactic acid bacteria can enhance the intestinal immune system by improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier and increasing the production of IgA in Peyer`s patches. Lactic acid bacteria should be considered a potential probiotic candidate for improving intestinal immunity, particularly in mitigating the negative consequences of antibiotic use.

Non-targeted metabolomics investigation to unveil affected metabolic pathways and biomarkers of sex-specific depression using a sub-chronic variable stress model of mice

Seulgi Kang,Woonhee Kim,Ke Li,Yu Li Liu,Inseon Hwang,Danbi Won,Boyeon Bae,Yua Kang,Chi Hye Chung,Jeongmi Lee 한국분석과학회 2021 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

Non-targeted metabolomics-based understanding of sex difference in depression

Seulgi Kang,Woonhee Kim,Jimin Nam,Ke Li,Yua Kang,Boyeon Bae,Kwang-Hoon Chun,Chi Hye Chung,Jeongmi Lee 한국분석과학회 2024 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.5

Effects of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rd, Rg3, F2, and compound K in healthy volunteers treated orally with red ginseng

Jeon-Kyung Kim,Min Sun Choi,Woonhee Jeung,Jehyeon Ra,Hye Hyun Yoo,DONG-HYUNKIM 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4

Background: It is well recognized that gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of ginsenosidesby converting the polar ginsenosides to nonpolar bioactive ginsenosides. However, the roles of thegut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in humans have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: Red ginseng (RG) or fermented red ginseng was orally administered to 34 healthy Koreanvolunteers, and the serum concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined using liquidchromatographyetandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the fecal ginsenoside Rde and compound K(CK)eforming activities were measured. Then, the correlations between the pharmacokinetic profiles ofthe ginsenosides and the fecal ginsenosideemetabolizing activities were investigated. Results: For the RG group, the area under the serum concentrationetime curve values of ginsenosides Rd,F2, Rg3, and CK were 8.20 11.95 ng$h/mL, 4.54 3.70 ng$h/mL, 36.40 19.68 ng$h/mL, and40.30 29.83 ng$h/mL, respectively. For the fermented red ginseng group, the the area under curve fromzero to infinity (AUCN) values of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and CK were 187.90 95.87 ng$h/mL,30.24 41.87 ng$h/mL, 28.68 14.27 ng$h/mL, and 137.01 96.16 ng$h/mL, respectively. The fecal CKformingactivities of the healthy volunteers were generally proportional to their ginsenoside Rdeformingactivities. The area under the serum concentrationetime curve value of CK exhibited an obvious positivecorrelation (r ¼ 0.566, p < 0.01) with the fecal CK-forming activity. Conclusion: The gut microbiota may play an important role in the bioavailability of the nonpolar RGginsenosides by affecting the biotransformation of the ginsenosides.

Pop-up Exhibition of JWST in NSM

Chang Hyun Baek,Cheolhee Kim,Woonhee Min,Jihyuk Lee 한국천문학회 2022 天文學會報 Vol.47 No.1

Function of ABA in Stomatal Defense against Biotic and Drought Stresses

Lim, Chae Woo,Baek, Woonhee,Jung, Jangho,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Sung Chul MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.7

<P>The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants synthesize ABA in various organs and initiate defense mechanisms, such as the regulation of stomatal aperture and expression of defense-related genes conferring resistance to environmental stresses. The regulation of stomatal opening and closure is important to pathogen defense and control of transpirational water loss. Recent studies using a combination of approaches, including genetics, physiology, and molecular biology, have contributed considerably to our understanding of ABA signal transduction. A number of proteins associated with ABA signaling and responses—especially ABA receptors—have been identified. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. In the present review, we focus on the function of ABA in stomatal defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, through analysis of each ABA signal component and the relationships of these components in the complex network of interactions. In particular, two ABA signal pathway models in response to biotic and abiotic stress were proposed, from stress signaling to stomatal closure, involving the pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) or regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family proteins, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2-type protein kinases.</P>

Alteration of adolescent aversive nicotine response and anxiety-like behavior in nicotine-exposed rats during late lactation period

Lee, Hyunchan,Jung, Taesub,Kim, Woonhee,Noh, Jihyun Elsevier 2018 Behavioural brain research Vol.337 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Early nicotine exposure is an important cause of further habitual tobacco smoking. Although nicotine has not only rewarding but also aversive properties, the effects of early nicotine exposure on the distinct properties of nicotine are not well known. To reveal the effects of early adolescent nicotine exposure on further persistent tobacco smoking, we demonstrated developmental changes in nicotine-related appetitive and aversive behaviors of rats exposed to nicotine during the late lactation period. Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with saline or nicotine (2, 6 and 12mg/kg). We performed a two bottle free-choice test using escalating doses of nicotine (25, 50 and 100μg/ml), saccharin and quinine and the open field test in both adolescent and adult rats. The rats’ aversive response to nicotine was increased according to the increase in nicotine concentration. Adolescent rats showed higher nicotine preference and consumption behaviors than did adult rats at an aversive dose of nicotine. Nicotine-exposed rats increased adolescent nicotine consumption when the nicotine concentration was 12mg/kg. We observed significant increases in anxious behaviors in adolescent nicotine-injected rats compared to saline-injected rats, but there were no alterations in adult rats. In both adolescent and adult rats, saccharin and quinine intake were not significantly different between groups. Taken together, it suggests that repeated nicotine exposure in late lactation period affect changes in aversive nicotine responses and anxious behaviors during adolescence but there is no difference in adults.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Rats showed decreased nicotine aversion when the nicotine dose was escalated. </LI> <LI> Normal development increased nicotine aversion in rats. </LI> <LI> Nicotine-exposed young rats showed an increased nicotine intake and anxious behavior. </LI> <LI> Nicotine-exposed adult rats showed no significant alteration in addictive behavior. </LI> </UL> </P>

지속적인 동영상 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 다중 UAV 활용 기법

김병국(Byoung-Kug Kim),홍운희(Woonhee Hong),홍성화(Sung-Hwa Hong),강지헌(Jiheon Kang) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.2

동영상 스트리밍 기술은 다양한 영역에서 사용이 되고 있으며, 항공영역에서 또한 예외가 아니다. UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, 무인항공기) 기술은 꾸준히 발전하고 있고 군뿐만이 아닌 민간영역에서도 현재 많이 사용되고 있다. 이 UAV를 기반으로 원격지에서 동영상 스트리밍 서비스를 통해 실시간 감시 및 정찰이 가능해졌다. 그러나 UAV는 기상상태, 기체의 중량 그리고 배터리 등 다양한 환경 영향으로 인해 체공시간이 짧고 가변적이다. 따라서 다른 감시정찰 시스템대비 임무수행에 시간제약이 더 크다. 동영상 스트리밍 서비스의 경우 다수의 UAV를 활용하여 임무시간 단위로 순차적으로 비행시켜 직전 무인항공기의 임무를 인계하는 식으로 해결할 수 했다. 본 논문은 동영상 스트리밍 서비스를 수행하는 UAV 운영환경에서 항공기간 임무 인계가 이루어질 때 꾸준한 동영상 스트리밍 서비스가 지원될 수 있도록 제안한다. The video streaming technologies are used in diverse areas including aerospace. UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is still being developed so that we are able to use the UAV not only in military areas but also in civil areas. Remotely monitoring and observing a certain area is possible via using video streaming service based on the UAV nowadays. However, UAV is vulnerable to weather conditions, plane’s weight, battery capacity and so on, which makes many restrictions of flight time and video streaming services. In order to prolong the video streaming services, we can use a number of UAVs, fly them one by one, and switch video streaming channels. In the paper, we propose the methods how to interchange UAVs’ missions and their video streaming channels to provide seamless video stream services.

Effect of Oral Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on Epidermal Hydration in Ultraviolet B-Irradiated Hairless Mice

( Jehyeon Ra ),( Dong Eun Lee ),( Sung Hwan Kim ),( Ji Woong Jeong ),( Hyung Keun Ku ),( Tae Youl Kim ),( Il Dong Choi ),( Woonhee Jeung ),( Jae Hun Sim ),( Young Tae Ahn ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.12

In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on skin hydration in human dermal fibroblasts and in hairless mice. In Hs68 cells, L. plantarum HY7714 not only increased the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) mRNA level, but also decreased the ceramidase mRNA level. In order to confirm the hydrating effects of L. plantarum HY7714 in vivo, we orally administered vehicle or L. plantarum HY7714 at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU/day to hairless mice for 8 weeks. In hairless mice, L. plantarum HY7714 decreased UVB-induced epidermal thickness. In addition, we found that L. plantarum HY7714 administration suppressed the increase in transepidermal water loss and decrease in skin hydration, which reflects barrier function fluctuations following UV irradiation. In particular, L. plantarum HY7714 administration increased the ceramide level compared with that in the UVB group. In the experiment on SPT and ceramidase mRNA expressions, L. plantarum HY7714 administration improved the reduction in SPT mRNA levels and suppressed the increase in ceramidase mRNA levels caused by UVB in the hairless mice skins. Collectively, these results suggest that L. plantarum HY7714 can be a potential candidate for preserving skin hydration levels against UV irradiation.