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State Indicator of Water Quality for Surface Water and Groundwater in Agriculture
Min-Kyeong Kim,Goo-Bok Jung,An-Sung Ro,Seung-Chul Choi,Won-Il Choi,Eun-Jeong Kim,Jong-Eun Lee,Yeo-Uk Yun,Kab-Cheol Kim,Do-Young Ko,Byeong-Ho Kim,Hyeon-Ji Kim,Sang-Jo Park,Seong-Tae Lee,Jae-Young Heo,S 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5
Indicators of environmental conditions qualitatively and quantitatively describe the state of the environment and natural resources, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has initiated and suggested AEIs (Agri-Environmental Indicators) to assess trends over time of the effects of agriculture on the environment and the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural and environmental policy measures since 1990’s. This study aims to develop the state indicators of water quality for agricultural water, surface and groundwater, to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural activities and policies by qualifying the environmental levels of a nation. Status indicators were calculated according to the agricultural water quality standards of OECD and Korea, and their trends were analyzed over time. Particularly, nitrate(NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>) status indicators of ground water in 2013 were significantly lower than the ones in 2000. Overall, the water quality indicators of surface water in 2013 were higher than the ones in 2012, except for pH and DO. The groundwater quality indicators in 2013 were lower than those of previous years. The optimal management indicators were calculated to assess agricultural surface water and groundwater quality. The findings of this study indicated that the state indicators could play a significant role to establish policies and procedures for managing and conserving water resources. This study also discussed water pollution caused by agricultural and industrial effluents.
Heo, Seong-Yeong,Ko, Seok-Chun,Kim, Chang Su,Oh, Gun-Woo,Ryu, Bomi,Qian, Zhong-Ji,Kim, Geunhyung,Park, Won Sun,Choi, Il-Whan,Phan, Thi Tuong Vy,Heo, Soo-Jin,Kang, Do-Hyung,Yi, Myunggi,Jung, Won-Kyo UNKNOWN 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.39 No.5
<P>In this study, a marine microalga <I>Spirulina</I> sp.-derived protein was hydrolyzed using gastrointestinal enzymes to produce an angiotensin I (Ang I)-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide. Following consecutive purification, the potent ACE inhibitory peptide was composed of 7 amino acids, Thr-Met-Glu-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro (molecular weight, 759 Da). Analysis using the Lineweaver-Burk plot and molecular modeling suggested that the purified peptide acted as a mixed non-competitive inhibitor of ACE. The inhibitory effects of the peptide against the cellular production of vascular dysfunction-related factors induced by Ang II were also investigated. In human endothelial cells, the Ang II-induced production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species was inhibited, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was downregulated when the cells were cultured with the purified peptide. Moreover, the peptide blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results indicated that this <I>Spirulina</I> sp.-derived peptide warrants further investigation as a potential pharmacological inhibitor of ACE and vascular dysfunction.</P>
Won, Jae-Kyung,Yang, Hee Won,Shin, Sung-Young,Lee, Jong Hoon,Heo, Won Do,Cho, Kwang-Hyun Oxford University Press 2012 Journal of molecular cell biology Vol.4 No.3
<P>MEK inhibitor has been highlighted as a promising anti-tumor drug but its effect has been reported as varying over a wide range depending on patho-physiological conditions. In this study, we employed a systems approach by combining biochemical experimentation with in silico simulations to investigate the resistance mechanism and functional consequences of MEK inhibitor. To this end, we have developed an extended integrative model of ERK and PI3K signaling pathways by considering the crosstalk between Ras and PI3K, and analyzed the resistance mechanism to the MEK inhibitor under various mutational conditions. We found that the phospho-Akt level under the Raf mutation was remarkably augmented by MEK inhibitor, while the phospho-ERK level was almost completely repressed. These results suggest that bypassing of the ERK signal to the PI3K signal causes the resistance to the MEK inhibitor in a complex oncogenic signaling network. We further investigated the underlying mechanism of the drug resistance and revealed that the MEK inhibitor disrupts the negative feedback loops from ERK to SOS and GAB1, but activates the positive feedback loop composed of GAB1, Ras, and PI3K, which induces the bypass of the ERK signal to the PI3K signal. Based on these core feedback circuits, we suggested promising candidates for combination therapy and examined the improved inhibitory effects.</P>
Won, Seoung Youn,Kim, Cha Yeon,Kim, Doyoun,Ko, Jaewon,Um, Ji Won,Lee, Sung Bae,Buck, Matthias,Kim, Eunjoon,Heo, Won Do,Lee, Jie-Oh,Kim, Ho Min Frontiers Media S.A. 2017 Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol.10 No.-
<P>The leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cellular receptors of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans that direct axonal growth and neuronal regeneration. LAR-RPTPs are also synaptic adhesion molecules that form <I>trans</I>-synaptic adhesion complexes by binding to various postsynaptic adhesion ligands, such as Slit- and Trk-like family of proteins (Slitrks), IL-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1), interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase C (TrkC), to regulate synaptogenesis. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the human LAR-RPTP/IL1RAPL1 complex and found that lateral interactions between neighboring LAR-RPTP/IL1RAPL1 complexes in crystal lattices are critical for the higher-order assembly and synaptogenic activity of these complexes. Moreover, we found that LAR-RPTP binding to the postsynaptic adhesion ligands, Slitrk3, IL1RAPL1 and IL-1RAcP, but not TrkC, induces reciprocal higher-order clustering of <I>trans</I>-synaptic adhesion complexes. Although LAR-RPTP clustering was induced by either HS or postsynaptic adhesion ligands, the dominant binding of HS to the LAR-RPTP was capable of dismantling pre-established LAR-RPTP-mediated <I>trans</I>-synaptic adhesion complexes. These findings collectively suggest that LAR-RPTP clustering for synaptogenesis is modulated by a complex synapse-organizing protein network.</P>
Constitutive Expression of Divergent Calmodulin Isoforms Enhances Resistance to Pathogens in Plants
Heo, Won Do,Lee, Sang Hyoung,Kim, Min Chul,Kim, Jong Cheol,Chung, Woo Sik,Chun, Hyun Jin,Lee, Kyung Joo,Cho, Moo Je Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea 1996 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.1996 No.