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A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.
Culture collection of Microalgae at the National Institute for Environmental Studies
Watanabe, Makoto M.,Mori,Fumi,Kawachi,Massnobu,Kasai,Fumie 영남대학교 해양과학연구소 2000 국제심포지움 일정 및 발표논문집 Vol.2000 No.1
Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES-Collection) was founded in 1983 as the first collection center of environmental microorganisms. Microlgae associated with environmental issues have been collected and preserved the most actively as the first step. The total numbers of strains of algae available for distribution are now 752. Construction of an image database of the algal strains is important to check the quality of algal cultures because the taxonomy of algae is solely based on the morphological characteristics. The image data was stored in the compact disc after the digitization by film scanner. Based on the image database organized using two software, we could produce data files defined Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). In order to develop the long term preservation methods of microalgae, cryopreservation of cyanobacterial and green algal strains was examined using DMSO as cryoprotectant and two step cooling method. Among 48 species and 144 strains of cyanobacteria tested using 3% DMSO, 46 species and 139 strains survived after freezing and thawing. Viability assays for all of these cyanobacterial strains after freezing and thawing were made using FDA vital staining method, resulting that 32 species and 94 strains of cyanobacteria had viability levels of more than 60%. In green algal strains, among 158 species and 375 strains tested, 81 species and 147 strains survived after freezing and thawing. In particular, 92% of Chlorococcalean sttrains and all the strains of Chaetophorales survived after freezing and thawing.
Present Status of Research on Design and Processing of Functionally Graded Materials
Watanabe, Ryuzo,Nishida, Toshihiko,Hirai, Toshio 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.6
Recent activities in the research of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are reviewed with an emphasis on the fabrication techniques for graded microstructure and functions. The research activities have focused on the processing of graded structures that satisfy the designed functions. Several examples of practical applications of FGMs are described in the present paper to demonstrate the fabrication approaches typical to this kind of material. The remainder of the paper is devoted to summarizing a recently finished national project supported by the Ministry of Education of Japan. Research and developments with respect to FGMs in various fields including physics, chemistry, medical science, and biology are briefly reviewed.
Watanabe, Tsuneo The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2016 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1
The history of IFMFC (International Forum on Magnetic Force Control) shows the usefulness of the magnetic force control in the fields of the environment and material resource in Japan, Korea and China. The IFMFC started in 2010 and has been organized in every year. This paper shows the application of the magnetic force control in each countries with the accumulated knowledge and experience of the magnetic force control with IFMFC.
The present knowledge of planktonic species of blue-green algae in Japen
Watanabe, Masayuki 인제대학교 낙동강환경연구소 1999 심포지움(인제대학교 부설 환경연구소 발표논문집) Vol.- No.8
Dr. Okamura first recorded one species of planktonic blue-green algae Clathrocystis aeruginosa at a pond on the Hongo campus of the University of Tokyo in 1902. Clathrocystis is same as the genus Microcystis in present sense. He added five species in the same book revised fourteen years later, After Dr. Okamura, hydrobiologists and phycologists added new records on planktonic species of blue-green algae to the Japanese flora little by little.
Watanabe Takuma,Yokoyama Atsushi,Shimizu Satoshi,Bessho Kazuhisa 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.4
A ranula is a pseudocyst that originates from the sublingual gland after trauma. Acute cases of ranulas that progress rapidly and cause respiratory dis-tress are rare. Holoprosencephaly is a complex brain malformation caused by incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. Children with holoprosen-cephaly may experience upper airway obstruction due to the associated dentoalveolar malformations and oromotor dysfunctions. We present the case of an eight-year-old female patient with holoprosencephaly and a plunging ranula that manifested as an acute course due to difficult airway management. She required gastrostomy for oromotor dysfunctions related to feeding and swallowing and difficulty managing oral secretions. The sublingual gland and ranula were removed under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, urgent reintubation and close monitoring in the intensive care unit were required due to upper airway obstruction. We successfully managed the patient with close cooperation of a pediatrician and an anesthetist, and no recurrence was observed at the one-year follow-up. A ranula can be caused by trauma to the floor of the mouth in association with lingually inclined mandibular teeth, a type of dentoalveolar compensation seen in maxillary hypoplasia associated with holoprosencephaly. Careful consideration is needed in such cases since airway management can be difficult due to postoperative swelling and oromotor dysfunctions.