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Developing a Solution to Improve Road Safety Using Multiple Deep Learning Techniques
Humberto Villalta,Min gi Lee,Yoon Hee Jo,Kwang Sik Kim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2023 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.15 No.1
The number of traffic accidents caused by wet or icy road surface conditions is on the rise every year. Car crashes in such bad road conditions can increase fatalities and serious injuries. Historical data (from the year 2016 to the year 2020) on weather-related traffic accidents show that the fatality rates are fairly high in Korea. This requires accurate prediction and identification of hazardous road conditions. In this study, a forecasting model is developed to predict the chances of traffic accidents that can occur on roads affected by weather and road surface conditions. Multiple deep learning algorithms taking into account AlexNet and 2D-CNN are employed. Data on orthophoto images, automatic weather systems, automated synoptic observing systems, and road surfaces are used for training and testing purposes. The orthophotos images are pre-processed before using them as input data for the modeling process. The procedure involves image segmentation techniques as well as the Z-Curve index. Results indicate that there is an acceptable performance of prediction such as 65% for dry, 46% for moist, and 33% for wet road conditions. The overall accuracy of the model is 53%. The findings of the study may contribute to developing comprehensive measures for enhancing road safety.
Geumbi Lee,Humberto Villalta,Seunghyun Kim,Kisu Kim,Jaehyeong Go,Yongjoo Jun,Kwang Sik Kim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2023 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.15 No.1
The purpose of this study is to design and test a new way of public transportation route guidance system for persons with disabilities, including wheelchair users. The guidance system is smartphone app-based, using, routes that involve disabled-friendly facilities in the vicinity can be searched. A database that contains publicly available data on low-floor bus services, location and extent of disabled-friendly facilities, and suitable subways and stations, was developed for this purpose. The app uses the database to access and query the required information. A pilot study was conducted to test the effectiveness of the guidance system. It was found that the system was able to convey information about the disabled-friendly routes and related guidance information even inside subway stations, effectively. The performance of the system was compared with route guidance services that do not explicitly use data on disabled-friendly services. A notable difference was observed in the travel time estimated by this program and other guidance services. The difference was around 4 to 15 minutes. This is significant savings for persons with disabilities if they use the app and service. The study thus shows that exclusive use of disabled-friendly data in route guidance will bring more benefits for persons with disabilities.
Cooley Ayorinde,Rayford Kayla J.,Arun Ashutosh,Villalta Fernando,Lima Maria F.,Pratap Siddharth,Nde Pius N. 대한면역학회 2022 Immune Network Vol.22 No.6
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which is now present in most industrialized countries. About 40% of T. cruzi infected individuals will develop severe, incurable cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which T. cruzi induces cardiopathogenesis remain to be determined. Previous studies showed that increased IL-6 expression in T. cruzi patients was associated with disease severity. IL-6 signaling was suggested to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, however, the role of this pathway during early infection remains to be elucidated. We reported that T. cruzi can dysregulate the expression of host PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) during early infection. Here, we aim to evaluate the dysregulation of IL-6 signaling and the piRNAs computationally predicted to target IL-6 molecules during early T. cruzi infection of primary human cardiac fibroblasts (PHCF). Using in silico analysis, we predict that piR_004506, piR_001356, and piR_017716 target IL6 and SOCS3 genes, respectively. We validated the piRNAs and target gene expression in T. cruzi challenged PHCF. Secreted IL-6, soluble gp-130, and sIL-6R in condition media were measured using a cytokine array and western blot analysis was used to measure pathway activation. We created a network of piRNAs, target genes, and genes within one degree of biological interaction. Our analysis revealed an inverse relationship between piRNA expression and the target transcripts during early infection, denoting the IL-6 pathway targeting piRNAs can be developed as potential therapeutics to mitigate T. cruzi cardiomyopathies.
Next-generation libraries for robust RNA interference-based genome-wide screens
Kampmann, Martin,Horlbeck, Max A.,Chen, Yuwen,Tsai, Jordan C.,Bassik, Michael C.,Gilbert, Luke A.,Villalta, Jacqueline E.,Kwon, S. Chul,Chang, Hyeshik,Kim, V. Narry,Weissman, Jonathan S. National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.26
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Genetic screening is a classic approach to identify genes acting in a biological process of interest. In mammalian cells, screens are commonly based on RNA interference (RNAi), in which a short interfering RNA (siRNA) or short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) triggers degradation of cellular messenger RNAs. RNAi approaches are prone to false-positive results because of siRNA/shRNA off-target effects and false-negative results because of siRNAs/shRNAs lacking activity. We previously established that these problems can be minimized with ultracomplex shRNA libraries. Here, we present next-generation shRNA libraries targeting the human and mouse genomes, for which we improved several features to increase shRNA activity. In a pilot screen, the new library yields complementary results to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi), an orthogonal approach we developed recently.</P><P>Genetic screening based on loss-of-function phenotypes is a powerful discovery tool in biology. Although the recent development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based screening approaches in mammalian cell culture has enormous potential, RNA interference (RNAi)-based screening remains the method of choice in several biological contexts. We previously demonstrated that ultracomplex pooled short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) libraries can largely overcome the problem of RNAi off-target effects in genome-wide screens. Here, we systematically optimize several aspects of our shRNA library, including the promoter and microRNA context for shRNA expression, selection of guide strands, and features relevant for postscreen sample preparation for deep sequencing. We present next-generation high-complexity libraries targeting human and mouse protein-coding genes, which we grouped into 12 sublibraries based on biological function. A pilot screen suggests that our next-generation RNAi library performs comparably to current CRISPR interference (CRISPRi)-based approaches and can yield complementary results with high sensitivity and high specificity.</P>
( Marta Perez De Lis Novo ),( Roberto Perez Lyarez ),( Pilar Brito Zeron ),( Antoni Siso Almirall ),( Belchin Kostov ),( Mireia Marti Villalta ),( Albert Bove ),( Hoda Gheitasi ),( Soledad Retamozo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Medical education for medical school graduates in Japan greatly changed after World War II. From 1948, the General Headquarters (GHQ), the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers imposed internship medical school graduates as early clinical training, internal medicine for 5 months, surgery for a month, obstetrics and gynecology for a month, public health for a month, for initial year. This system was unpaid before the nation examination, and abolished in 1968 by the campus dispute spread throughout Japan. Subsequently became mainstream medical center by the universities and colleges, but did not develop the training of general practitioners and family doctors in Japan because of aiming for the priority of specialization by university faculty of medicine. Musashino Red Cross Hospital (MRCH) started comprehensive initial training for medical doctors since 1980. One of the reason is that The Japan Red Cross Society as the most important philosophy advocates disaster medicine and its realization in general medical education is very important. Methods: MRCH employed the intern doctors by general invitation examination, and educated them for two years. In principle mandatory training period within 2 years in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology training, psychiatry, and regional medical training. Results: From 1980 to now MRCH did general medical education to more than 200 doctors. These doctors are working around the world. In Japan, from 2004 Initial general medical training was compulsory to all new medical doctors for two years. Conclusions: Comprehensive initial training for medical doctors is very important in general medicine for all the generations and the disaster medicine. In Japan from the year 2020 general medicine training under the new medical program scheduled.
( Marta Perez De Lis Novo ),( Roberto Perez Alvarez ),( Soledad Retamozo ),( Pilar Brito Zeron ),( Xavier Bosch ),( Antoni Siso Almirall ),( Jaume Villalta ),( Ricardo Alvarez Vijande ),( Alfonso Lope 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: To analyse the possible existence of features associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal fi brosis or mesenteritis. Methods: Study cohort including patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal fi brosis and/ or mesenteritis by imaging studies (CT) in a university hospital during the last 20 years. Results: A total of 22 patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal fi brosis (15 patients) or mesenteritis (7 patients) are described (6 women and 16 men, with a mean age at diagnosis of 64.1 years, range: 46-82. The main clinical manifestations present at diagnosis were abdominal/back pain (n=14), general malaise/fever (n=7) and the presence of edema/thrombosis (n = 6); in one patient, diagnosis was made incidentally by imaging techniques. CT showed infl ammatory masses affecting retroperitoneal (n=17), mesenteric (n=7) and vascular structures, including iliac arteries (n=3), aorta (n=2), renal arteries (n=2) and cava (n=2). In 7 (32%) patients, involvement of other organs suggestive of IgG4-RD (liver/bile tract in 2 cases, periaortitis in 2 cases, pleura, lymph nodes and skin in 1 each, respectively) was found. Diagnosis was confi rmed by biopsy in 8 patients (36%); in any patient, studies to rule out IgG4-RD were performed. The main treatments included corticosteroids (n=17), immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine in 5, methotrexate in 1 and mycophenolate in 1), surgery (n = 5) and the placement of urinary catheters (n = 4). After a mean follow-up of 73 months, 7 patients died (32%) patients (4 of them due to septic shock). Conclusions: Ormond`s disease is a rare clinical entity but associated with a signifi cant morbidity and mortality. His recent inclusion in the clinical spectrum of IgG4-RD diffi cult their retrospective diagnosis, although this study and others recently published suggest that about half of the cases could correspond to IgG4-RD.