재정 운용의 책무성 강화를 위한 국회의 역할 : 국가재정운용계획의 실효성 확보를 중심으로

김태일 ( Kim¸ Taeil ) 한국행정연구원 2021 韓國行政硏究 Vol.30 No.3

많은 사람이 코로나19 이후의 사회는 이전과 달라질 것이라고 한다. 달라질 것 중 중요한 하나는 정부 역할의 증대 및 그에 따른 재정지출 확대이다. 이에 동의하고 그럼으로써 국민의 삶이 더 좋아질 것이라는 기대를 갖지만, 한편으로 과연 정부가 그런 역할을 책임성 있게 잘 해낼 것인가에 대해 염려되는 것도 사실이다. 과연 국가가 내 돈을 걷어가서 알뜰살뜰 잘 쓸까? 정부는 국민부담이 커지는 대신, 국민을 위해 제대로 잘 쓰겠다는 약속을 하고 그 약속을 잘 지킬 것이라는 믿음을 줘야 한다. 본 글은 재정 책무성 강화의 핵심은 정부 재정을 감시하고 통제하는 국회 기능이 충실히 구현되는 데 있다고 본다. 그리고 이를 위해 현 시점에서 요구되는 것은 한국의 중기재정계획인 국가재정운용 계획의 실효성을 확보하는 것, 그리고 이를 위한 독립재정기구의 역할 강화라고 판단하고 이에 대해 논의하였다. Ⅱ장에서는 기존 국가재정운용계획의 문제점을 분석하고, Ⅲ장에서는 한국의 국가재정운용계획을 평가하고 이를 EU 국가와 비교하였다. Ⅳ장에서는 국가재정운용계획의 실효성 확보를 위하여 다음과 같은 개선안을 제시하였다. ① 독립적 재정기구에 의한 경제ㆍ재정전망과 중기재정계획 평가, ② 재정 준칙의 설정, ③ 국가재정운용계획에 의한 예산 종속, ④ 탑-다운 예산제도와의 연계 및 국회 예산 심사 이원화. Society after COVID-19 will be different from before. One of the changes will be the increase in the role of the government and the expansion of fiscal expenditure as a result. I agree with this prospect and expect that the lives of the people will be better by doing so. However, on the other hand, I am concerned about whether the government will play such a role responsibly. Will the government spend taxes paid by people effectively and efficiently? In return for increasing the burden on the people, the government should make a promise to use it properly for the people and give them trust that the government will keep the promise. I believe that the core of the promise and trust lies in the proper implementation of the function of the National Assembly to monitor and control government financial activities. This article argues that what is required to strengthen the fiscal accountability of the National Assembly is to increase the effectiveness of Korea's mid-term fiscal plan. Chapter II analyzes the problems of Korea’s mid-term financial plan. Chapter III evaluates Korea’s mid-term fiscal plan and compares it with EU countries. Chapter IV presents the following improvement plans to improve the effectiveness of mid-term financial plans: ① Economic and fiscal prospects and mid-term fiscal plans evaluation by independent fiscal organizations; ② Setting financial rules; ③ Budget subordination according to the mid-term financial management plan; ④ Linkage with the top-down budget system and dualization of the National Assembly budget review.

Downregulation of lipopolysaccharide response in drosophila by negative crosstalk between the AP1 and NF-κB signaling modules

Kim, Taeil,Yoon, Joonsun,Cho, Hwansung,Lee, Wook-bin,Kim, Joon,Song, Young-Hwa,Kim, Se Nyun,Yoon, Jeong Ho,Kim-Ha, Jeongsil,Kim, Young-Joon Nature America Inc 2005 Nature immunology Vol.6 No.2

IκB kinase (IKK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) signaling modules are important in the synthesis of immune effector molecules during innate immune responses against lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. However, the regulatory mechanisms required for specificity and termination of these immune responses are unclear. We show here that crosstalk occurred between the drosophila Jnk and IKK pathways, which led to downregulation of each other's activity. The inhibitory action of Jnk was mediated by binding of drosophila activator protein 1 (AP1) to promoters activated by the transcription factor NF-κB. This binding led to recruitment of the histone deacetylase dHDAC1 to the promoter of the gene encoding the antibacterial protein Attacin-A and to local modification of histone acetylation content. Thus, AP1 acts as a repressor by recruiting the deacetylase complex to terminate activation of a group of NF-κB target genes.

High fidelity core flow measurement experiment for an advanced research reactor using a real scale mockup

Taeil Kim,Yohan Lee,Donkoan Hwang,WooHyun Jung,Nakjun Choi,Seong Seok Chung,Jihun Kim,Jonghark Park,Hyung Min Son,Kiwon Song,Huiyung Kim,HangJin Jo Korean Nuclear Society 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.9

Owing to spatial effects and vortex flow, flow in research reactors that use plate-type fuels can be maldistributed to the parallel channels of the core, which significantly impacts the reactor safety. In this study, the core flow of an advanced research reactor was measured in a real-scale facility under various hydraulic conditions. For flow measurement, integrated pressure lines were embedded in the mockups of 22 fuel assemblies and six fission molybdenum assemblies. Each assembly mockup was individually calibrated to obtain the relationship between the pressure drop and flow rate. Real-scale facility, which implements the characteristics of the hydraulic conditions in research reactors, was then used to evaluate the assembly-to-assembly flow distribution under normal operating condition, a partially withdrawn condition for the follower fuel assemblies, no flow for the pool water management system, and 1:1.5 asymmetric inlet flow condition. As a parallel channel system, core flow distribution was analyzed with conventional header design approach. Taking into account the measuring uncertainty, the core flow was uniformly distributed within 5 % under all conditions. This was mainly because the core flow resistance was sufficiently high and the vortex flow was minimized by the perforated plate.

Metazoan transcriptional Mediator complex as the integrator of Gene-specific transcriptional regulation signals

Kim, Young-Joon,Park, Jin Mo,Kim, Taeil,Kim, Senyun,Kim, Jung Mo 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2003 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.5

The Mediator complex is generally required for transcriptional regulation in species ranging from yeast to human. Throughout evolution, the functional diversity of the Mediator complex has been enhanced to meet the increasing requirement for sophisticated gene regulation. We took systematic biochemical and genomics approaches to examine various types of Mediator proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Such efforts led to the identification of three distinct forms of Mediator complexes. In exploring their compositional and functional heterogeneity, we found that different cell types may require distinct Mediator complexes, some of which may participate in nuclear processes other than the previously identified functions. On the top of the complex heterogeneity, several Mediator genes show distinct mutant phenotype thus were suggested to mediate transcriptional regulation of distinct group of genes via activator-specific interactions. However, their physiological relevance and activator-specificities in cell have not been addressed. Using biochemical analysis coupled with RNAi-mutational analysis, we confirmed that physical interaction between specific activator proteins and dTRAP80 is required for transcriptional activation of distinct group of genes in vivo. We extended this study to other Mediator genes by generating mutant Mediator cells and examining their defect on transcriptional regulation with the use of micro array analysis.

The role of nafamostat mesylate anticoagulation in continuous kidney replacement therapy for critically ill patients with bleeding tendencies: a retrospective study on patient outcomes and safety

( Taeil Kim ),( Dong Eon Kim ),( Eun Mi Jo ),( Yeji Lee ),( Da Woon Kim ),( Hyo Jin Kim ),( Eun Young Seong ),( Sang Heon Song ),( Harin Rhee ) 대한신장학회 2024 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.43 No.4

Background: Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is crucial in the management of acute kidney injury in intensive care units (ICUs). Nonetheless, the optimal anticoagulation strategy for patients with bleeding tendencies remains debated. This study aimed to evaluate patient outcomes and safety of nafamostat mesylate (NM) compared with no anticoagulation (NA) in critically ill patients with bleeding tendencies who were undergoing CKRT. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 2,313 patients who underwent CKRT between March 2013 and December 2022 at the third affiliated hospital in South Korea. After applying the exclusion criteria, 490 patients were included in the final analysis, with 245 patients in the NM and NA groups each, following 1:1 propensity score matching. Subsequently, in-hospital mortality, incidence of bleeding complications, agranulocytosis, hyperkalemia, and length of hospital stay were assessed. Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the lengths of hospital and ICU stays or the incidence of agranulocytosis and hyperkalemia. The NM group showed a smaller decrease in hemoglobin levels during CKRT (-1.90 g/dL vs. -2.39 g/dL) and less need for blood product transfusions than the NA group. Furthermore, the NM group exhibited a survival benefit in patients who required transfusion of all three blood products. Conclusion: NM is an effective and safe anticoagulant for CKRT in critically ill patients, especially those requiring transfusion of all three blood products. Although these findings are promising, further multicenter studies are needed to validate them and explore the mechanisms underlying the observed benefits.

Phase II trial of preoperative sequential chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy for high-risk gastric cancer

Kim, Hyo Song,Koom, Woong Sub,Baek, Song-Ee,Kim, Hyoung-Il,Jung, Minkyu,Beom, Seung-Hoon,Kang, Beodeul,Kim, Hyunki,Chang, Jee Suk,Choi, Yoon Young,Son, Taeil,Cheong, Jae-Ho,Noh, Sung Hoon,Kim, Eun Hye Elsevier Science Publishers 2019 Radiotherapy and oncology Vol.140 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and purpose</B></P> <P>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy (CTx) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for high-risk gastric cancer (GC).</P> <P><B>Methods and materials</B></P> <P>The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Borrmann type 4; (2) large Borrmann type 3 (≥8 cm); (3) single bulky (≥3 cm × 1) or multiple lymph nodes (≥1.5 cm × 3). Patients received two 21-day courses of induction CTx of TS-1 (35 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, p.o, twice daily on days 1–14), docetaxel (30 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, i.v., days 1 and 8), and cisplatin (30 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, i.v., days 1 and 8) followed by CCRT (two courses of TS-1 and cisplatin in combination with 45 Gy radiation).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Forty-two patients were enrolled between March 2014 and February 2016, and 39 of these completed sequential CTx and CCRT. Among the 33 patients who underwent R0 resection, the pathologic response rate was 39.4% [no residual carcinoma (<I>n</I> = 5, 15.2%), with 1–10% residual carcinoma (<I>n</I> = 8, 24.2%)]. Overall, 4 patients (12.1%) were pathologic stage 0, 7 (21.2%) were stage I, 10 (30.3%) were stage II, and 12 (36.4%) were stage III. The overall survival rate at 3 years was 77.9% for stages 0 and I, 66.8% for stages II–III, and 33.3% for unresectable cases (<I>P</I> = 0.001). Toxicity was mild to moderate with grade 4 neutropenia (<I>n</I> = 1) and neutropenic fever (<I>n</I> = 1) as the most prominent side-effects.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Sequential CTx and CCRT prior to surgery are feasible and effective for high-risk GC.</P> <P>Trial registration number: NCT02495493.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A complex preoperative staging was adopted for high-risk GC. </LI> <LI> We adopted an intensive, weekly-split, triplet regimen with favorable toxicities. </LI> <LI> Induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy indicate a promising outcome. </LI> </UL> </P>

Ligand-Controlled Direct Hydroformylation of Trisubstituted Olefins

Shin, Taeil,Kim, Hyungsoo,Kim, Sungmin,Lee, Ansoo,Seo, Min-Seob,Choi, Jonghoon,Kim, Hyungjun,Kim, Hyunwoo American Chemical Society 2019 Organic letters Vol.21 No.15

<P>The direct hydroformylation of trisubstituted olefins has been achieved with a combination of a Rh(I) catalyst and a π-acceptor phosphorus (briphos) ligand. A sterically bulky briphos ligand with a large cone angle that forms a 1:1 complex with Rh(I) is found to be reactive for the hydroformylation of trisubstituted olefins. The aldehyde products were obtained with high diastereoselectivity (>99:1) and regioselectivity (49%-81%).</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Atomic selectivity in dissociative electron attachment to dihalobenzenes

Kim, Namdoo,Sohn, Taeil,Lee, Sang Hak,Nandi, Dhananjay,Kim, Seong Keun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.15 No.39

<P>We investigated electron attachment to three dihalobenzene molecules, bromochlorobenzene (BCB), bromoiodobenzene (BIB) and chloroiodobenzene (CIB), by molecular beam photoelectron spectroscopy. The most prominent product of electron attachment in the anion mass spectra was the atomic fragment of the <I>less</I> electronegative halogen of the two, <I>i.e.</I>, Br<SUP>−</SUP> for BCB and I<SUP>−</SUP> for BIB and CIB. Photoelectron spectroscopy and <I>ab initio</I> calculations suggested that the approaching electron prefers to attack the less electronegative atom, a seemingly counterintuitive finding but consistent with the mass spectrometric result. For the iodine-containing species BIB and CIB, the photoelectron spectrum consists of bands from both the molecular anion and atomic I<SUP>−</SUP>, the latter of which is produced by photodissociation of the former. Molecular orbital analysis revealed that a large degree of orbital energy reordering takes place upon electron attachment. These phenomena were shown to be readily explained by simple molecular orbital theory and the electronegativity of the halogen atoms.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Atomic selectivity in electron attachment to dihalobenzenes. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cp50456e'> </P>

Clinical Implications of Microsatellite Instability in Early Gastric Cancer

Kim, Dong Gyu,An, Ji Yeong,Kim, Hyunki,Shin, Su-Jin,Choi, Seohee,Seo, Won Jun,Roh, Chul Kyu,Cho, Minah,Son, Taeil,Kim, Hyoung-Il,Cheong, Jae-Ho,Hyung, Woo Jin,Noh, Sung Hoon,Choi, Yoon Young The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of microsatellite instability in early gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The microsatellite instability status of resected early gastric tumors was evaluated using two mononucleotide repeat markers (BAT25 and BAT26) and three dinucleotide repeat markers (D5S346, D2S123, and D17S250). Tumors with instability in two or more markers were defined as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and others were classified as microsatellite stable (MSS). Results: Overall, 1,156 tumors were included in the analysis, with 85 (7.4%) classified as MSI-H compared with MSS tumors. For MSI-H tumors, there was a significant correlation with the female sex, older age, tumor location in the lower gastric body, intestinal histology, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and submucosal invasion (P<0.05). There was also a trend toward an association with lymph node (LN) metastasis (P=0.056). In mucosal gastric cancer, there was no significant difference in MSI status in tumors with LN metastasis or tumors with LVI. In submucosal gastric cancer, LVI was more frequently observed in MSI-H than in MSS tumors (38.9% vs. 25.0%, P=0.027), but there was no difference in the presence of LN metastases. The prognosis of MSI-H tumors was similar to that of MSS tumors (log-rank test, P=0.797, the hazard ratio for MSI-H was adjusted by age, sex, pT stage, and the number of metastatic LNs, 0.932; 95% confidence interval, 0.423-2.054; P=0.861). Conclusions: MSI status was not useful in predicting prognosis in early gastric cancer. However, the frequent presence of LVI in early MSI-H gastric cancer may help guide the appropriate treatment for patients, such as endoscopic treatment or limited LN surgical dissection.

Bone Fractures in Raptors in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk Region: A Retrospective Study

Taeil kim,권영삼 한국임상수의학회 2016 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.33 No.5

The purpose of this study was to perform retrospective data collection of the sites and types of fracturein raptors in order to enable wildlife veterinarians to manage cases of fracture more effectively. This study includedraptors with fracture, rescued between January 2013 and August 2015 in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region in Republicof Korea. The data were collected from the medical reports and radiographic findings acquired from designated animalhospitals for wild animals, the Dongin Animal Hospital and the Kyungpook wildlife rescue center. The distribution,sites, and types of fracture, and outcomes of rescue and fracture management of the raptors included in this studywere analyzed. Among the 31 birds included in this study, Falco tinnunculus was the most common species. Of the42 sites of fracture, the diaphysis of the humerus was the most common site of fracture, and comminuted fracturewas the most common type. Of the 31 birds, 13 were treated surgically. Intramedullary pinning with bandaging wasthe most common method of surgical treatment. While 7 of the 13 birds died, 2 were reintroduced into the wild,and 4 were kept captive. This study presents the evaluation of the data on the species, sites, and types of fracture,and treatment procedures and outcomes in raptors with fractures, rescued in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. The findingsof this study could serve as a basic database for the treatment of fracture in raptors.