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Kwak, Young-Sil,Yang, Tae-Yong,Kil, Hoysub,Phanikumar, Devulapalli Venkata,Heo, Bok-Haeng,Lee, Jae-Jin,Hwang, Junga,Choi, Seong-Hwan,Park, Young-Deuk,Choi, Ho-Seong 한국우주과학회 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.1
We present preliminary observations of the field-aligned-irregularities (FAIs) in the E and F regions during the solar minimum (2009 - 2010) using the 40.8 MHz coherent backscatter radar at Daejeon (36.18ºN, 127.14ºE, 26.7ºN dip latitude) in South Korea. The radar, which consists of 24 Yagi antennas, observes the FAIs using a single beam with a peak power of 24 kW. The radar has been continuously operated since December 2009. Depending on the manner of occurrence of the backscatter echoes, the E-region echoes are largely divided into two types: quasi-periodic (QP) and continuous echoes. Our observations show that the QP echoes occur frequently above an altitude of 105 km in the post-sunset period and continuous echoes occur preferentially around an altitude of 105 km in the post-sunrise period. QP echoes appear as striated discrete echoes for a period of about 10 - 20 min. The QP-type echoes occur more frequently than the continuoustype echoes do and the echo intensity of the QP type is stronger than that of the continuous type. In the F region, the FAIs occur at night at an altitude interval of 250 - 450 km. As time proceeds, the occurrence height of the FAIs gradually increases until early in the morning and then decreases. The duration of the F-region FAIs is typically a few hours at night, although, in rare cases, FAIs persist throughout the night or appear even after sunrise. We discuss the similarities and differences of the FAIs observed by the Daejeon radar in comparison with other radar observations.
Tae-Suk Kwak,Yong-Il Kim,Ki-Yun Yu,Byoung-Kil Lee 대한토목학회 2006 KSCE journal of civil engineering Vol.10 No.5
This study proposes using centroid of the plane roof surface of a building as control information for registering the aerial imagery relative to the aerial LiDAR data. A majority of the roofs in South Korea are plane roofs. The centroid of the plane roof is extracted from aerial imagery by using the Canny Edge Detector and from aerial LiDAR data by using Local Maxima Filtering. These extracted centroids from LiDAR data are used as control information and exterior orientation parameters of aerial imagery are estimated. Also, exterior orientation parameters of aerial imagery are estimated by using GCPs and the accuracy of registration is evaluated. From the experimental results, the positional accuracy satisfied the error range of 1/5,000 digital map which was prescribed by National Geographic Information Institute of South Korea. From this study, it is found that centroid could be useful source of control information.
Methyl Aryloxy Gallates as Regulators of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Kwak, Jae-Hwan,In, Jin-Kyung,Lee, Mi-Sung,Yu, Ji-Yeon,Yun, Yeo-Pyo,Hong, Jin-Tae,Lee, Soo-Jae,Seo, Seung-Yong,Ahn, Soon-Kil,Suh, Young-Ger,Hwang, Bang-Yeon,Lee, Hee-Soon,Min, Kyung-Hoon,Jung, Jae-Kyun Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.12
임상연구 : 비선형 혼합효과 모델을 이용한 Etomidate의 집단 약동학 및 약역학
한태형 ( Tae Hyung Han ),이수경 ( Soo Kyung Lee ),이현철 ( Hyun Chul Lee ),이진영 ( Jin Young Lee ),곽인숙 ( In Suk Kwak ),정미화 ( Mi Hwa Jung ),길호영 ( Ho Yeong Kil ),박경수 ( Kyung Soo Park ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.51 No.3
Background: Etomidate is used as a fast-acting hypnotic with few cardiovascular effects to induce anesthesia in patients with a poor cardiovascular reserve. The bispectral index (BIS) has been suggested to be a measure of the depth of anesthesia and correlates well with the level of consciousness. This study examined the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etomidate using nonlinear mixed effect (NONMEM) modeling and sigmoid Emax modeling. Methods: Eighteen middle aged adults, with ASA physical status I or II, who were scheduled for elective surgery, were included. 0.2% etomidate was administerd at 150 ml/h until the patients lost consciousness. The patient recovered spontaneously until they regained consciousness, as determined by a verbal response. The BIS was determined and arterial blood samples were collected. The plasma concentrations were measured with high performance liquid chromatograhy (HPLC). NONMEM was used for population pharmacokinetic and sigmoid Emax model for pharmacodynamic analysis. Results: The induction dose for the loss of eyelid reflexes was 0.38 mg/kg. The induction time from drug infusion to the loss of eyelash reflexes was approximately 3.5 minutes. This study took approximately 8.5 minutes from the start of drug infusion to the recovery of consciousness. The pharmacokinetic parameters were t1/2α = 1.1 min, t1/2β = 1.9 min, t1/2γ = 106.5 min, k21 = 0.36 L/min, k31 = 0.009 L/min, V1 = 6.43 L, Varea = 426 L, Cl = 2.77 L/min. The pharmacodynamics were keo = 0.40 L/min, CE50 = 1.0 ug/mL, E0 = 94, Emax = 94 and γ = 1.2. The performance error for the etomidate concentration was 0.14 ± 0.99 (typical prediction) and -0.03 ± 0.40 (individual prediction) and -0.09 ± 1.00 and -0.001 ± 0.13 for the BIS score. Conclusions: When compared with other previously published data, our pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated a shorter half lives, a larger volume of distribution, and an increased clearance with significant interindividual differences. The pharmacodynamics showed a large interindividual variability. The reason for discrepancy might be the relatively short sampling time. However, further study will be warranted to improve the model performance in the future. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 271~7)
홍길표,박상우,신규식,박상일,이귀왕,정시영,곽태로 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2003 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.14 No.3
악성 임파종의 2가지의 주된 변이는 Hodgkin 림프종과 non-Hodgkin 림프종이다. 그 중에 90% 이상이 B세포의 non-Hodgkin 림프종이다. 자궁에서의 국한된 악성 림프종은 매우 드물며, 특징상 임상소견을 잘 나타내지 않는다. 그리고 자궁에 국한된 악성 림프종이 진단되는 경우 자궁경부가 체부에 비해 3배 높다. 저자들은 자궁경부의 원발성 악성 임파종 1예를 경험하였기에 간단한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The two major variants of malignant lymphoma are non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and Hodgkin’s disease. More than 90% of all cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are of B-cell derivation. The malignant lymphoma localized in uterus is rare and characteristically symptom-free expressed, but when it does, the cervix is the presenting site three times more often than is the endometrium. We have experienced a case of malignant lymphoma originated from uterine cervix, so we report with a brief of literature.