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Thin Films of Block Copolymers as Planar Optical Waveguides
Kim, D. H.,Lau, K. H. A.,Robertson, J. W. F.,Lee, O.-J.,Jeong, U.,Lee, J. I.,Hawker, C. J.,Russell, T. P.,Kim, J. K.,Knoll, W. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 Advanced Materials Vol.17 No.20
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Thin films of diblock copolymers with cylindrical microdomains oriented normal to the film plane are employed as planar optical waveguides in the Kretschmann configuration (see Figure). Their waveguiding properties were investigated by optical waveguide spectroscopy. The dielectric constants and the film thickness of the block copolymer layer can be independently obtained from fitting between the waveguide patterns for s- and p-polarization and Fresnel calculations. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2005-17-20-ADMA200500170-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2005-17-20-ADMA200500170-content'> </P>
Macroscopic 10-Terabit-per-Square-Inch Arrays from Block Copolymers with Lateral Order
Park, S.,Lee, D. H.,Xu, J.,Kim, B.,Hong, S. W.,Jeong, U.,Xu, T.,Russell, T. P. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2009 Science Vol.323 No.5917
<P>Generating laterally ordered, ultradense, macroscopic arrays of nanoscopic elements will revolutionize the microelectronic and storage industries. We used faceted surfaces of commercially available sapphire wafers to guide the self-assembly of block copolymer microdomains into oriented arrays with quasi-long-range crystalline order over arbitrarily large wafer surfaces. Ordered arrays of cylindrical microdomains 3 nanometers in diameter, with areal densities in excess of 10 terabits per square inch, were produced. The sawtoothed substrate topography provides directional guidance to the self-assembly of the block copolymer, which is tolerant of surface defects, such as dislocations. The lateral ordering and lattice orientation of the single-grain arrays of microdomains are maintained over the entire surface. The approach described is parallel, applicable to different substrates and block copolymers, and opens a versatile route toward ultrahigh-density systems.</P>
Jennifer M. Brewer,Owen P. Karsmarski,Jeremy Fridling,T. Russell Hill,Chasen J. Greig,Sarah E. Posillico,Carol McGuiness,Erin McLaughlin,Stephanie C. Montgomery,Manuel Moutinho,Ronald Gross,Evert A. E The Korean Society of Traumatology 2024 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.37 No.1
Purpose: Research on rib fracture management has exponentially increased. Predicting fracture patterns based on the mechanism of injury (MOI) and other possible correlations may improve resource allocation and injury prevention strategies. The Chest Injury International Database (CIID) is the largest prospective repository of the operative and nonoperative management of patients with severe chest wall trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MOI is associated with the resulting rib fracture patterns. We hypothesized that specific MOIs would be associated with distinct rib fracture patterns. Methods: The CIID was queried to analyze fracture patterns based on the MOI. Patients were stratified by MOI: falls, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), motorcycle collisions (MCCs), automobile-pedestrian collisions, and bicycle collisions. Fracture locations, associated injuries, and patient-specific variables were recorded. Heat maps were created to display the fracture incidence by rib location. Results: The study cohort consisted of 1,121 patients with a median RibScore of 2 (range, 0-3) and 9,353 fractures. The average age was 57±20 years, and 64% of patients were male. By MOI, the number of patients and fractures were as follows: falls (474 patients, 3,360 fractures), MVCs (353 patients, 3,268 fractures), MCCs (165 patients, 1,505 fractures), automobile-pedestrian collisions (70 patients, 713 fractures), and bicycle collisions (59 patients, 507 fractures). The most commonly injured rib was the sixth rib, and the most common fracture location was lateral. Statistically significant differences in the location and patterns of fractures were identified comparing each MOI, except for MCCs versus bicycle collisions. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of injury result in distinct rib fracture patterns. These different patterns should be considered in the workup and management of patients with thoracic injuries. Given these significant differences, future studies should account for both fracture location and the MOI to better define what populations benefit from surgical versus nonoperative management.
Facile Routes to Patterned Surface Neutralization Layers for Block Copolymer Lithography
Bang, J.,Bae, J.,Lö,wenhielm, P.,Spiessberger, C.,Given-Beck, S. A.,Russell, T. P.,Hawker, C. J. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Advanced Materials Vol.19 No.24
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A new crosslinking system based on azide-functionalized random copolymers has been defined for the preparation of substrates with controllable surface interactions. The azido group is used for both thermal- and photo-crosslinking, which is found to be very efficient. Furthermore, the use of UV irradiation for crosslinking enables the preparation of patterned surfaces by conventional photolithographic techniques, combining the “bottom-up” self-assembly of block copolymer strategies with traditional “top-down” photolithographic methods. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2007-19-24-ADMA200701866-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2007-19-24-ADMA200701866-content'> </P>
Fixation Strategies to Prevent Screw Cut-Out and Malreduction in Proximal Humeral Fracture Fixation
Surena Namdari,Adam J. Lipman,Eric T. Ricchetti,Fotios P. Tjoumakaris,G. Russell Huffman,Samir Mehta 대한정형외과학회 2012 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.4 No.4
Fixation of proximal humerus fractures with precontoured, fixed angle devices has improved operative management of these difficult injuries, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. However, recent data has revealed that fixation with these constructs is not without complications, particularly screw cut-out and loss of reduction. Multiple strategies have been developed to decrease the number of complications. We offer a surgical technique combining suture augmentation of the proximal humerus with locked plate fixation utilizing short screws.