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Estimating population density of Nicrophorus quadripunctatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in Korea
Kim Do‐Sung,Cho Young‐Bok,Han Yong‐Gu 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.11
Estimating the population density of organisms is of great concern to ecologists and much effort has been put into making accurate assessment of population levels in nature. We evaluated the trapping web (TW) method for the determination of the density of species of burying beetles. We found eight and six species of burying beetles at Beopjusa and Ssanggok‐ri areas, respectively. Most of the species population comprised Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, with densities of 65 and 195 per ha for Beopjusa and Ssanggok‐ri areas, respectively. Moreover, the flight intercept trap (FIT) method from 2003 to 2007 also revealed the same trend: Beopjusa temple (2928) to Ssanggok‐ri (5835). However, the differences in number of individuals were probably due to the differences in the methods and the length of the trapping period. The populations of N. quadripunctatus exist as metapopulations, making accurate assessment of the population densities extremely difficult. We hypothesized that the TW method could accurately estimate population densities extrapolated from patch population size per area.
최도영,이재동,백용현,이송실,유명철,한정수,양형인,박상도,유미현,박은경,박동석,Choi, Do-young,Lee, Jae-dong,Back, Yong-hyeon,Lee, Song-shil,Yoo, Myung-chul,Han, Chung-soo,Yang, Hyung-in,Park, Sang-do,Ryu, Mi-hyun,Park, Eun-kyung,Park, 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that pathogenesis is not fully understood and one of the most intractable musculoskeletal diseases. The concern in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been increased since 1980's and many immunotherapeutic agents including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were developed and became the mainstay of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cure of the disease has hardly been achieved. In oriental medicine, rheumatoid arthritis is related to Bi-Zheng(痺證), that presents pain, swelling, andlor loss of joint function as major clinical manifestations, and also known to be deeply involved in suppression of immune function related to weakness of Jung-Ki(正氣). The herbal medicine, empirically used, could be a potential resource of development of new immunotherapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We developed a search strategy using terms to include "rheumatoid arthritis and herbal medicine" combined with "Chinese medicine" and/or "Oriental medicine". The search was focused on experimental studies of herbal medicine (January 1999 to May 2004), which is known to have effects on immune function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computerized search used Internet databases including KISS and RISS4U (Korea), CNKI (China), MOMJ (Main Oriental Medicine Journal, Japan), and PubMed. The articles were selected from journals of universities or major research institutes. Results : The literature search for experimental studies on effects of herbal medicine on immunity of rheumatoid arthritis retrieved a total of 21 articles (Korea; 8, China ; 12, Japan ; 1). Of 21 articles, 10 were related to single-drug formula, 2 to drug interaction, and 9 to multi-drug formula. Single-drug formula was mainly used for aqua-acupuncture and researches on active components. Studies of drug interaction emphasized harmony of Ki-Hyul(氣血) and balance of Han-Yeul(寒熱). Multi-drug regimen was mainly found among formulas for Bo-Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and Bo-Sin(補腎). Conclusion : Studies on rheumatoid arthritis were performed both in vitro and in vivo in vitro study, LPS-stimulated splenocytes and synoviocytes were treated with herbal medicine, resulting in proliferation and activation of immune cells and suppression of cytokine activities in vivo study CIA animal model demonstrated that herbal medicine decreased antibody production and improved function of immune cells. In cellular and molecular study herbal medicine showed profound effects on the level of mRNA expression of certain cytokines related to immune function. This study revealed that herbal medicine has significant immune modulatory action and could be used for recovery of immune dysfunction of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Therapeutic mechanisms and beneficial effects of non-antidiabetic drugs in chronic liver diseases
Han Ah Lee,Young Chang,Pil Soo Sung,Eileen L. Yoon,Hye Won Lee,Jeong-Ju Yoo,Young-Sun Lee,Jihyun An,Do Seon Song,Young Youn Cho,Seung Up Kim,Yoon Jun Kim 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3
The global burden of chronic liver disease (CLD) is substantial. Due to the limited indication of and accessibility to antiviral therapy in viral hepatitis and lack of effective pharmacological treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the beneficial effects of antidiabetics and non–antidiabetics in clinical practice have been continuously investigated in patients with CLD. In this narrative review, we focused on non-antidiabetic drugs, including ursodeoxycholic acid, silymarin, dimethyl- 4,4’-dimethoxy-5,6,5’,6’-dimethylenedixoybiphenyl-2,2’-dicarboxylate, L-ornithine L-aspartate, branched chain amino acids, statin, probiotics, vitamin E, and aspirin, and summarized their beneficial effects in CLD. Based on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulatory functions in glucose or lipid metabolism, several non–antidiabetic drugs have shown beneficial effects in improving liver histology, aminotransferase level, and metabolic parameters and reducing risks of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality, without significant safety concerns, in patients with CLD. Although the effect as the centerpiece management in patients with CLD is not robust, the use of these non-antidiabetic drugs might be potentially beneficial as an adjuvant or combined treatment strategy.
Han, Chi-Hwan,Lee, Hak-Soo,Han, Sang-Do Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.8
$TiO_2$ nanopowders were synthesized by new sol-gel combustion hybrid method using acetylene black as a fuel. The dried gels exhibited autocatalytic combustion behaviour. $TiO_2$ nanopowders with an anatase structure and a narrow size distribution were obtained at 400-600 ${^{\circ}C}$. Their crystal structures were examined by powder Xray diffraction (XRD) and their morphology and crystal size were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal size of the nanopowders was found to be in the range of 15-20 nm. $TiO_2$ powders synthesized at 500 ${^{\circ}C}$ and 600 ${^{\circ}C}$ were applied to a dye solar cell. An efficiency of 5.2% for the conversion of solar energy to electricity ($J_{sc}$ = 11.79 mA/$cm^2$, $V_{oc}$ = 0.73 V, and FF = 0.58) was obtained for an AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW/$cm^2$) using the $TiO_2$ nanopowder synthesized by the sol-gel combustion hybrid method at 500 ${^{\circ}C}$.
Han, Chi-Hwan,Lee, Hak-Soo,Lee, Kyung-Won,Han, Sang-Do,Singh, Ishwar Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.1
$TiO_2$ doped with $Er^{3+\;and\;Yb^{3+}$ was used for fabricating a scattering layer and a nano-crystalline $TiO_2$ electrode layer to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. The material was prepared using a new sol-gel combustion hybrid method with acetylene black as fuel. The $Er^{3+}$-$Yb^{3+}$ co-doped titanium oxide powder synthesized at 700oC had embossed structure morphology with a size between 27 to 54 nm that agglomerated to produce micron size particles, as observed by the scanning electron micrographs. The XRD patterns showed that the $Er^{3+}$-$Yb^{3+}$ co-doped titanium oxide had an amorphous structure, while using the same method without doping $Er^{3+}\;or\;Yb^{3+},\;TiO_2$ was obtained in the crystallite form with thea dominance of rutile phase. Fabricating a bilayer structure consisting of nano-crystalline $TiO_2$ and the synthesized $Er^{3+}$-$Yb^{3+}$ co-doped titanium oxide showed better scattering property, with an overall increase of 15.6% in efficiency of the solar cell with respect to a single nano-crystalline $TiO_2$ layer.
( Sung Won Lee ),( Hae Lim Lee ),( Nam Ik Han ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: We have evaluated the efficacy and safety of the sofosbuvir (SOF) and weight-based ribavirin (RBV) therapy in genotype 2 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Korean patients in real clinical settings. Methods: A total of 323 patients who received SOF plus RBV between May 2016 and February 2017 at the liver unit of the Catholic University of Korea were consecutively recruited and analyzed. Patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis underwent 12 weeks and 16 weeks of antiviral therapy, respectively. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Results: The mean age was 61.6±11.8 years and 36% of the patients were male. 238 (73.7%) patients had chronic hepatitis, 78 (24.1%) compensated cirrhosis, and 7 (2.2%) decompensated cirrhosis. 17 (5.3%) patients had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. 52 (16.1%) patients were treatment experienced (7 non-responders, 33 prior relapse, and 12 intolerable to interferon based treatment). 95.1% (293/308) of the patients achieved undetectable HCV RNA at week 4, 99.6% (255/256) end of treatment response and 96.6% (141/146) SVR12. No difference was observed according to age, previous treatment experience, viral load and cirrhosis (P>0.05). Overall, the SOF plus RBV regimen was well-tolerated but 4 patient discontinued treatment due to possible drug-related side effects. The most frequently observed adverse event was anemia and 15.9% (47/296), 5.4% (16/296) of the patients experienced grade 2 and grade 3 anemia, respectively. The doses of RBV were reduced to median 825mg and 577mg daily in grade 2 and 3 anemia groups, respectively but the SVR12 were 100% in both groups. Conclusions: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin regimen resulted in a high SVR rate and was tolerable in genotype 2 HCV infected Korean patients in real clinical practice.
( Sung Won Lee ),( Hae Lim Lee ),( Nam Ik Han ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the development of major clinical adverse events in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Korean patients who received direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in real clinical settings. Methods: A total of 648 genotype 1 HCV infected patients who received DAA therapy between May 2016 and January 2018 at the liver units of the Catholic University of Korea were analyzed. Primary endpoints were hepatic decompensation and/or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events and the development of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results: The median follow-up period was 12.8 months (range, 1.3~34.8). 70.7% of the patients had chronic hepatitis and 29.3% compensated cirrhosis. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 2.8% (18/648), hepatic decompensation in 1.4% (9/648) and de novo HCC developed in 3.1% (19/620) of the patients. In multivariate analysis, baseline platelet count less than 150,000/㎣ (P=0.022), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 50 mL/min/1.73㎡ (P=0.037) and baseline serum albumin less than 3.5g/dL (P=0.035) were independently associated with hepatic decompensation and/or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Also, platelet count less than 150,000/㎣ was independently associated with the development of de novo HCC (P=0.048). Conclusions: Patients with low platelet count and serum albumin level, which are indicators of portal hypertension, and patients with renal impairment were more likely to experience hepatic decompensation and/or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Low platelet count was associated with de novo HCC development. These patients should be meticulously followed up during and after the DAA therapy.