http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
충남대학교병원 마취발전의 경향에 관한 분석 : 1967년부터 - 1996년까지 from 1967 to 1996
최세진,김상수,정규돈,윤석화,신용섭,손수창,이원형,김혜자,이정은 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2
To evaluate the specificity and historical trends of the anesthesia in Chungnam National University Hospital, anesthetic experiences of 83,572 in total performed at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1967 to December 1996 were analyzed statistically and clinically according to age, sex, surgical department, physical status, elective and emergency surgery, premedicants, IV anesthetics, anesthetic methods, inhalational anesthetics, muscle relaxants. The results were as follows : 1. The number of cases has been steadily increased year by year. 2. The ratio of male to female was 52.8% : 47.2%. 3. According to the age, There were 44,905 cases (54%) in the group of 13-45 years. 4. According to the ASA classification of physical status, most of the cases were belonged to the class 1 & 2 (72.5%). 5. The ratio of elective to emergency was 79.4% to 20.6%. 6. Recently, glycopyrrolate has been used increasingly. 7. Thiopental sodium has been mainly used for intravenous induction agent. 8. General anesthesia has been used mainly. 9. Enflurane is the most common inhalational anesthetic agent. but Isoflurane has been used increasingly. 10. Most of muscle relaxants are Pancuronium & Vecuronium(84.5%).
高頻度電鍼刺戟의 波形에 따른 中樞神經系 神經細胞 및 腦幹의 Serotonin性 神經細胞의 活性變化에 미치는 影響
孫聖世,李潤浩,李裁東 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1998 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.21 No.1
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of different patterns of high frequency electroacupuncture(EA) treatment on the neuronal activities in the spinal cord and brainstem using Fos immunohistochemical technique. To analyze the effect of patterns of high frequency EA, the experimental animals were divided into three groups : high frequency biphasic rectangular wave treated group, high frequency positive monophasic rectangular wave treated group and high frequency negative monophasic rectangular wave treated group. Those different patterns of high frequency EA was applied to Zusanli point of experimental animals for two hours. The distribution and number of Fos positive neurons were evaluated in the spinal cord and brainstem. The summerized results were summerized as follow : 1. The patterns of high frequency EA increased number of Fos immunoreactive neurons in the laminae Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the spinal cord dorsal horn compared to that of anesthetic control group(P<0.05). Among the different patterns of EA treatment, biphasic rectangular wave EA treatment showed dramatic increase in the number of Fos positive neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn(P<0.05). 2. The increased neuronal activities was observed in the brainstem of high frequency biphasic and monophasic EA treated groups compared to that of control group(P<0.05). The biphasic and positive monophasic EA stimulation more effectively increased the Fos expression than negative monophasic EA stimulation. 3. The ratio of colocalization between serotonin containing neuron and Fos positive neuron in the brainstem was markedly increased in DR and middle portion of PAG LV as well as caudal portion of PAG LV after biphasic and positive monophasic EA stimulation for 2 hours. Those results indicate that high frequency biphasic EA stimulation is the most effective method to increase the neuronal activities in the spinal cord and brainstem for inducing analgesic effect of EA. In addition, the ratio of colocalization of serotoninergic neuron and Fos positive neurons is effectively increased by treatment of high frequency biphasic EA, suggesting that the analgesic effect of high frequency EA depends on the serotoninergic pathway of endogenous pain control system. Those basic data from this study can be applied to establish the effective treatment of EA for pain control in the clinical field.
강성윤 ( Sung-yoon Kang ),손지우 ( Jiewoo Son ),이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),김세훈 ( Sae-hoon Kim ),김태범 ( Tae-bum Kim ),이상표 ( Sang Pyo Lee ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2024 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.12 No.3
Purpose: In Korea, KoKo dosimetry and Aerosol Provocation System (APS) are used in the methacholine provocation test (MBPT). In this study, three protocols of the MBPT were compared. Methods: In patients showing a positive MBPT using short 2-concentration methods for APS with cumulative provocative doses of methacholine which results in a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) (PD<sub>20</sub>) ≤962.81, the MBPT was repeated, using 14-breaths methods for APS. In them, PD<sub>20</sub> of those 2 protocols were compared to each other. Provocative concentration of methacholine which results in a 20% fall in FEV<sub>1</sub> (PC<sub>20</sub>) in 14-breaths methods was also compared with that of 5-breaths methods in other patients showing a positive MBPT with KoKo dosimettry during the study period. Results: The positive rate in short 2-concentration methods was 18.1% (43 of 238), while that in 5-breaths methods was 14.0% (6 of 43). They were not different from each other (P=0.342). In 7 patients who underwent the MBPT twice, using short 2-concentration and subsequent 14-breaths methods. The median of PD<sub>20</sub> with a positive MBPT using short 2-concentration methods was 573.8 μg with interquartile range (IQR) of 147.8-682.3 μg, whereas that in repeated MBPT using 14-breaths methods was 526.4 μg (IQR, 95.0-907.1 μg). They did not differ from each other (P=0.735). The median of PC<sub>20</sub> in MBPT using 14-breaths methods was 4.76 mg/mL (IQR, 0.066-10.3 mg/mL) tended to be higher than that in other 6 patients who showed a positive MBPT using 5-breaths methods, 1.95 mg/mL (IQR, 0.42-4.85 mg/mL), but it was not significant (P=0.534). Conclusion: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was not different in 3 protocols of MBPT. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2024;12:140-146)
Lee, Sae Rom,Cho, Jae Min,Son, Minji,Park, Myung-June,Yong Kim, Woon,Kim, Sang Yob,Bae, Jong Wook Elsevier 2018 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.331 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Selective hydrodechlorination (HDC) of trichloromethane (TCM, CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>) to dichloromethane (DCM, CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>) was studied on the mesoporous bimetallic Pt-Pd/KIT-6 to verify the roles of the active bimetals to catalytic activity and product distribution. The optimal bimetal ratio of 2wt%Pt-0.05wt%Pd on the highly ordered mesoporous KIT-6 calcined at 400°C showed a maximum TCM conversion with DCM yield, and the optimal calcination temperature of Pt-Pd/KIT-6 was mainly responsible for the formation of homogeneously and closely distributed smaller Pt-Pd nanoparticles with higher oxidation states of Pt crystallites supported by XPS and EXAFS analysis. Based on the proposed kinetic models on the optimal Pt-Pd/KIT-6, the competitive reaction mechanisms of the formations of CH<SUB>4</SUB> and monochloromethane (MCM, CH<SUB>3</SUB>Cl) from DCM intermediate can well explain the product distributions. Using the seven different kinetic models, the best model on the basis of the Akaike’s Information Criteria showed the activation energies of the HDC of TCM to be in the range of 18–60kJ/mol. The kinetic model also revealed the inverse relationship between the conversion of TCM and selectivity to DCM. Either an increase of space velocity or decrease of H<SUB>2</SUB>/TCM ratio increased the DCM yield, while there existed the optimal operating conditions. The DCM productivity of 1.5mol-DCM/(g<SUB>cat</SUB>·h) was achievable at the highest space velocity and lowest H<SUB>2</SUB>/TCM ratio under a specific reaction condition of 190°C and 0.1MPa.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HDC of TCM to DCM was studied on the mesoporous 2wt%Pt-0.05wt%Pd/KIT-6. </LI> <LI> At an optimal calcination T=400°C, a maximum DCM yield was obtained. </LI> <LI> Close interactions of smaller Pt-Pd nanoparticles with higher oxidation states are beneficial for a higher DCM yield. </LI> <LI> The kinetic model based on LHHW was well fitted with experimental results. </LI> <LI> Higher DCM productivity was achievable at the highest SV and lowest H<SUB>2</SUB>/TCM ratio. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>