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( Md Sufi Ullah Siddik Bhuyan ),( Eun Hei Lee ),( Abul Hasnat Md Ashraful Alam ),( Soa Choi ),( Ruri Lee ),( Kwanghyeon Song ),( Yong Chan Seo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2015 No.2
Subcritical hydrolysis followed by methyl estrification was used to produce bio-diesel from low valued waste cooking oil at mild reaction conditions in this study. More than 90% fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) conversion was achieved by subcritical hydrolysis without using catalysts at 275℃ for 45 minutes. The highest conversion to linoleic acid (C18:2) was obtained at this condition. The higher content of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil resulted in higher conversion to FAME. It was also observed more prominent at high temperature due to auto catalytic behavior of FFA. FAME yield found about 92% without using catalyst; whereas 98% yield was obtained using 80% TiO2 loading S-TiO<sub>2</sub>/MCM-41 catalyst at 220℃ and 20 minutes. The amount of FAME increased may be due to trans-esterification of un-reacted TG, DG, and MG with methanol remained during the hydrolysis stage. The higher FAME conversion means the better quality bio-diesel.
( Md Sufi Ullah Siddik Bhuyan ),( Eun Hei Lee ),( Abul Hasnat Md Ashraful Alam ),( Soa Choi ),( Ruri Lee ),( Kwanghyeon Song ),( Yong Chan Seo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-
Subcritical hydrolysis followed by methyl estrification was used to produce bio-diesel from low valued waste cooking oil at mild reaction conditions in this study. More than 90% fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) conversion was achieved by subcritical hydrolysis without using catalysts at 275℃ for 45 minutes. The highest conversion to linoleic acid (C18:2) was obtained at this condition. The higher content of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil resulted in higher conversion to FAME. It was also observed more prominent at high temperature due to auto catalytic behavior of FFA. FAME yield found about 92% without using catalyst; whereas 98% yield was obtained using 80% TiO<sub>2</sub> loading S-TiO<sub>2</sub>/MCM-41 catalyst at 220℃ and 20 minutes. The amount of FAME increased may be due to trans-esterification of un-reacted TG, DG, and MG with methanol remained during the hydrolysis stage. The higher FAME conversion means the better quality bio-diesel.
Md Sufi Ullah Siddik Bhuyan,Eun Hei Lee,Abul Hasnat MD Ashraful Alam,Soa Choi,Ruri Lee,Kwanghyeon Song,Yong Chan Seo 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11
Subcritical hydrolysis followed by methyl estrification was used to produce bio-diesel from low valued waste cooking oil at mild reaction conditions in this study. More than 90% fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) conversion was achieved by subcritical hydrolysis without using catalysts at 275℃ for 45 minutes. The highest conversion to linoleic acid (C18:2) was obtained at this condition. The higher content of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil resulted in higher conversion to FAME. It was also observed more prominent at high temperature due to auto catalytic behavior of FFA. FAME yield found about 92% without using catalyst; whereas 98% yield was obtained using 80% TiO2 loading S-TiO2/MCM-41 catalyst at 220℃ and 20 minutes. The amount of FAME increased may be due to trans-esterification of un-reacted TG, DG, and MG with methanol remained during the hydrolysis stage. The higher FAME conversion means the better quality bio-diesel.
( Md Sufi Ullah Siddik Bhuyan ),( Taeha Kim ),( Soa Choi ),( Ruri Lee ),( Kwanghyeon Song ),( Sunho Whang ),( Eunhee Lee ),( Younghwan Chu ),( Yongchan Seo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2014 No.2
Subcritical hydrolysis followed by methyl estrification was useful for the production of biodiesel from low valued waste cooking oil at mild reaction conditions in this study. More than 90 % FFA content was achieved by subcritical hydrolysis without using catalysts at 275℃, 45 min and linoleic acid (C18:2) composition observed the highest. The presence of the initial amount of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil was accelerated the rate of reaction compared to the refined soybean oil. It is observed more prominent at high temperature due to auto catalytic behavior of FFA. FAME yield found about 92% without using catalyst; whereas 98% yield was obtained using 80% TiO<sub>2</sub> loading S-TiO<sub>2</sub>/MCM-41 catalyst at 220℃ and 20 minutes. The amount of FAME increased may be due to trans esterification of un reacted TG, DG and MG with methanol remained during the hydrolysis stage. The higher FAME yield was obtained relatively at low reaction conditions that would be given high quality biodiesel.
Na, Jung Hwa,Sung, Kyung Rim,Baek, Seunghee,Lee, Jin Young,Kim, Soa Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2013 Current eye research Vol.38 No.3
<P><I>Purpose</I>: To evaluate the performance of Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-guided progression analysis (GPA) software to detect progression of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in glaucoma patients.</P><P><I>Materials and methods:</I> This retrospective cohort study included 272 eyes of 154 glaucoma patients. Median follow-up time was 2.2 years, during which time data from at least four good-quality OCT examinations were collected. Glaucomatous eyes were classified as either early or advanced group according to visual field (VF) severity. Reference standard of glaucoma progression was defined by expert assessment of optic disc/RNFL photographs or VF GPA data, or visual field index (VFI) linear regression analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of OCT GPA, and agreement between OCT GPA findings and each reference standard strategy were estimated.</P><P><I>Results</I>: Fifty-three eyes (19.5%) showed progression by at least one of the reference standard strategies, while OCT GPA detected progression in 36 eyes (13.2%). When expert assessment of optic disc/RNFL photographs and/or VF analysis was used as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of OCT GPA employed to detect glaucoma progression were 20.8% and 88.6%. Agreement between OCT GPA and either optic disc/RNFL photographic evaluation or VF analysis was poor (<I>κ</I> = 0.12 and 0.03, respectively). RNFL photographic assessment in early stage glaucoma showed best agreement with OCT GPA in terms of progression detection.</P><P><I>Discussion</I>: The Cirrus OCT GPA detected a considerable number of eyes exhibiting glaucoma progression. OCT GPA may be useful for progression detection in earlier stage of glaucoma to complement other reference standard strategies.</P>