연상 태그를 이용한 그래프 탐색

신현식(Heon Shik Shin),김종상(Chong Sang Kim),황희융(Hee Yeung Hwang) 한국정보과학회 1987 정보과학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

이 논문은 연상 태그를 중심으로 한 그래프 탐색 알고리즘과 그 성능에 대하여 논한다. 연상 태그는 내용에 의하여 주소를 식별할 수 있는 능력을 가진 태그를 말한다. 이러한 연상 태그를 이용하여 의사 임의 탐색법이라는 새로운 그래프 탐색 알고리즘을 제시하고 또 너비 우선 탐색을 구현한다. 이 결과, 어떤 경우의 탐색 알고리즘에서도 연상 태그에 의해 성능이 제고되며 기존의 탐색 알고리즘에서 요구되는 큐나 스택 없이 구현될 수 있다. We present graph traversal algorithms which utilize an associative tag extensively. An associative tag consists of a small number of content-addressable tag bits. Thus besides fetching and altering the content of a tag, an address can be identified based on its content. A new traversal algorithm called a pseudo-random search (PRS) is proposed in which a visit is made to anyone of the vertices that have been queued for a future visit. Also, the breadth-first search is formulated using an associative tag. In either search algorithm the associative tag replaces a queue or stack required for conventional search algorithms without degrading the performance.

구인두 칸디다증 치료에 대한 Fluconazole의 효과

신완식,강문원,이상헌,윤임중,진종률,임영,김동집,김춘추,박종원,문찬수 대한감염학회 1991 감염 Vol.23 No.2

The efficacy analysis of oral or intravenous fluconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis of 20 patients. In the pretreatment clinical assessment, 11 cases were grade Ⅱ, and 9 cases were grade Ⅲ. In the pretreatment oropharyngeal culture, 3 cases were 1 positive, 15 cases were 2 positive, and 2 cases were 3 positive. Oral or intravenous fluconazole 100㎎ once daily were administered. In the posttreatment efficacy assessment, the clinical improvement time was 1-3 days, the clinical cure time was 3-11 days, the mean clinical effectiveness time was 5.6 days, and the mean clinical effectiveness time was 8.1 days. Fluconazole had a few and short-term side effects that included nausea, headache, and transient liver function abnormalities.

Sclerosing Adenosis Diagnosed by Needle Biopsy

Heon Jin Jung(정헌진),Won Shik Han(한원식),Hyeong-Gon Moon(문형곤),Soo Kyung Ahn(안수경),Ji-Sun Kim(김지선),Dong-Yong Noh(노동영),Jung-Min Chang(장정민),Nariya Cho(조나리야),Woo Kyung Moon(문우경),In-Ae Park(박인애),Hee-Chul Shin(신 대한종양외과학회 2012 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.8 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 침생검을 통해 진단 받은 경화성 선증에 대해 추가적인 수술 없이 경과 관찰했을 때의 잠재적 안정성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1996년 1월부터 2010년 5월까지 침생검을 통해 경화성 선증으로 진단된 143명의 환자의 145개 병변을 대상으로 (core-needle biopsies 118례, vacuum-assisted biopsies 27례) 의무기록 검토를 토대로 한 후향적 고찰이다. 결과 : 환자들의 BI-RADS(The American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) 분류는 다음과 같다: C3(n=8), C4a(n=123), C4b(n=11), C4c(n=e), C5(n=1). 그 중 14명은 조직검사를 재시행하였고 BI-RADS 분류 C5이면서 영상의학적 소견과 병리학적 소견의 불일치를 보인 1명의 환자가 침윤성 유방암으로 진단되어 수술을 시행하였다. 나머지 환자들은 정기적인 초음파 검사 및 유방촬영술을 통해 경과 관찰하였고, 평균 추적관찰 기간 40개월 동안 144개의 병변의 최종 BI-RADS 분류는 다음과 같다: C1(n=5), C2(n=107), C3(n=32), 경과 관찰기간 동안 142명의 환자에서 악성 유방질환이 발견된 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 침생검을 통해 경화성 선증으로 진단된 환자에 있어서 추가적인 수술 없이 정기적인 검진을 통하여 경과 관찰하는 것은 잠재적 안전성을 가지고 있다. 하지만 조직검사와 영상검사 결과의 불일치 소견을 보이는 경우 수술적 생검을 통한 최종 진단이 필요하다. Background : The aim of this study was to assess the potential safety of follow up for patients diagnosed with sclerosing adenosis through needle biopsies without additional surgery. Patients and Methods : From January 1996 to May 2010, 145 lesions in 143 sclerosing adenosis patients who underwent core-needle biopsies (n=118), vacuum-assisted biopsies (n=27) in our institution were followed. Results : The American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-BADS) classification in these patients was as follows : C3(n=8), C4a(n=123), C4b(n=11), C4c(n=e) and C5(n=1). After sclerosing adenosis was diagnosed by needle biopsy, 14 patients underwent re-biopsy. Only 1 patient who had BIRAD C5 sonographic features was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma and surrounding ductal carcinoma in situ. The remaining 142 patients received regular medical exam with ultrasonography and/or mammography. 144 lesions’ BI-RADS category were C1(n=5), C2(n=107) and C3(n=32). With the median follow-up period of 40 months, none of the patients developed breast malignancy. Conclusions : Our study suggest that patients with sclerosing adenosis diagnosed by needle biopsies can be safely followed without additional surgery. However, in case of discordance with images and biopsy result, surgical excision for definite diagnosis is recommended.

지역사회 획득 급성 신우신장염 여성환자에서 검출된 원인균의 항균제 감수성 및 항균제의 사용

위성헌,최수미,이동건,김수영,김상일,유진홍,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.6

Coronary artery disease prediction method using linear and nonlinear feature of heart rate variability in three recumbent postures

Lee, Heon Gyu,Kim, Wuon-Shik,Noh, Ki Yong,Shin, Jin-Ho,Yun, Unil,Ryu, Keun Ho Springer-Verlag 2009 information systems frontiers Vol.11 No.4

Staphylococcus aureus와 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species에 대한 Arbekacin의 시험관내 항균력

위성헌,강진한,허동호,이동건,김상일,김양리,최정현,김종현,유진흥,허재균,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now exhibit high-level resistance to various antibiotics, such as β -lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. Recent reports describing the therapeutic failure of vancomycin for MRSA infections have arisen considerable concerns regarding the emergence of MRSA strains, which will require new therapeutic agents. Arbekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is stable in the presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by S. aureus. In this study, we compared the antibacterial activity of arbekacin with those of vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Methods : For a collection of 549 S. aureus and 251 CNS isolates from three Catholic University Hospitals in Korea, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of arbekacin, vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)criteria. Results : Among 549 S. aureus isolates, 278 isolates were MRSA and 271 isolates were methicil sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). MIC50 & MIC90 of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus were 0.5 & 1 ㎍/mL, and MIC50 & MIC90 of vancomycin were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.03 to 4 ㎍/mL, and MIC of vancomycin against 549 S. aureus ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 549 S. aureus was 32㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/mL. MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were variable, ranging from 0.125 to 256, and otherwise arbekacin and vancomycin revealed relatively narrow range of MICs. MIC90 of arbekacin against 278 MRSA isolates & 271 MSSA were 1 & 0.5 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin against MRSA & MSSA were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 278 MRSA & 271 MSSA isolates were 32 & 4 ㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin against MRSA & MSSA isolates were 128 & 32 ㎍/mL respectively. Among 251 CNS isolates, 122 isolates were MRCNS and 129 were MSCNS. MICSO & MIC90 of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates were 0.25 & 2 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin were 1 & 2 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates ranges from 0.015 to 32 ㎍/mL, and that of vancomycin isolates ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL, MIC90 of arbekacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 2&0.3 ㎍/ML, and those of vancomycin were 2&s ㎍/ML. MIC90 of amikacin against 251 CNS isolates was 32 ㎍/ML, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/ML for CNS. MIC90 of amikacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 128 & 8㎍/mL, and those of gentamicin ere 256 & 32 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : Considering above results, arbekacin can be useful agent against most strains of MRSA and MRCMS, which exhibit high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. (Korea J Infect Dis 33:254~260, 2001)

‘제3세대’이후 국내 러시아 연구의 현황과 과제 : 사회과학을 중심으로

박수헌,신범식 서울대학교 러시아연구소 2006 러시아연구 Vol.16 No.2

Since the mid-1990s, Russian Studies in Korea have been in the stage of "relative stabilization" after undergoing the ups and downs in the previous years. The rise of the "third generation" scholars, many of which returned to Korea after earning their doctoral degrees in Russia, has contributed to this trend. The current research, based on a comprehensive review of social science works on Russia, published as M. A. and Ph.D theses, in book forms and monographs, and as articles in 12 academic journals during the past decade in Korea, shows the following developmental tendencies in the Russian Studies in Korea since the mid-1990s. First, the number of Korean specialists on Russia has consistently increased. Second, the scope of research has been extended in spatial dimension as well as in research topics. In the former, while CIS countries other than Russia have increasingly became the subject of research, the investigation of local politics and economy in Russia has also grown. In the latter, topics have been more diversified beyond the traditional fields of politics, economy, society, and history into education, law, media, anthropology, and political geography. Third, the cases of field researches and surveys have continued to increase, which can contribute to a qualitative progress in the Russian Studies in Korea. Fourth, more research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of various aspects of Russia from a comparative theoretical perspective. Fifth, new attention has been called to the methodological issues in understanding the Russian experiences. Despite these new developments and achievements, however, Russian Studies in Korea still offer the room for continuing improvement. First, compared with those countries with more advanced Russian Studies, the Russian Studies community in Korea is still much small, and there are very few specialists on other CIS countries than Russia. Second, Russian politics and economy still command a disproportionally high position in terms of research topic. Third, researches are lopsidedly tilting toward policy-oriented studies rather than contributing to strengthening the foundation of Russian Studies. Fourth, the previous tendency to approach the Russian experiences from the viewpoint of break with the past has not been fully overcome. Fifth, although efforts have been made for establishing a "Korean style of studying Russia", the Western approaches to the Russian realities still enjoy a disproportionately high popularity. Sixth, strenuous endeavor among the Russian Studies community is required for implementing interdisciplinary researches of Russia as subject of area studies.

수면단계 자동분류를 위한 심박동변이도 분석

김원식 ( Wuon Shik Kim ),김교헌 ( Kyo Heon Kim ),박세진 ( Se Jin Park ),신재우 ( Jae Woo Shin ),윤영로 ( Young Ro Yoon ) 한국감성과학회 2003 감성과학 Vol.6 No.4

유향 추출물이 MC3T3-E1 세포 활성 및 분화에 미치는 영향

한상헌,신형식 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2001 圓光齒醫學 Vol.10 No.2

Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use have been studied for their capacity of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Olibanum has the effects to hemostasis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, and it also has been traditionally used as a drug for the treatment of bone dicease in oriental medicine. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Olibanum extracts on the activity and differentiation of MC3T3-El cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis, formation of bone nodules and expression of type I collagen of MC3T3-El cells. To examine the cellular activity, MC3T3-El cells were cultured with α-MEM (control) and each concentration of Olibanum for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the ALP synthesis, MC3T3-El cells were cultured with α-MEM (negative control), dexamethasone (positive control), and each concentration of Olibanum for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the bone nodule formation, MC3T3-El cells were cultured for 21 days, and to compare the type I collagen expression, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured for 4 days. The cellular activity of MC3T3-El cells treated with 1㎍/㎖ of Olibanum extracts was significantly increased at 4-day (p<0.05) to control. The activity of ALP in MC3T3-El cells treated with 1㎍/㎖ Olibanum extracts was significantly increased at 4-day (p<0.05). All the experimental groups showed much more bone nodule formation than control groups. The group treated with 1㎍/㎖ of Olibanum extracts was the highest bone nodule formation, and showed much more type I collagen expression than negative control. These results indicate that Olibanum extracts may be considered effective in the activity and differentiation of MC3T3-El cells.

제3세대 이후 국내 러시아 연구의 현황과 과제: 사회과학을 중심으로

박수헌 ( Soo Heon Park ),신범식 ( Beom Shik Shin ) 서울대학교 러시아연구소 2006 러시아연구 Vol.16 No.2