A case report of quadruple cancer in a single patient including the breast, rectum, ovary, and endometrium

노수경,Ji Yeong Yoon1,최철훈,Ui Nam Ryoo,Chang Ohk Sung,김태중,배덕수,김병기 대한부인종양학회 2008 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.19 No.4

Multiple primary cancer is defined as the multiple occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the same individual. Due to the development of new diagnostic techniques and the rise in long-term survival of cancer, reports of multiple primary cancers have gradually increased. Herein, we describe the case of a 68-year-old female patient with quadruple primary cancer of the breast, rectum, ovary, and endometrium. For its great rarity, we report this case with a review of the literature. Multiple primary cancer is defined as the multiple occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the same individual. Due to the development of new diagnostic techniques and the rise in long-term survival of cancer, reports of multiple primary cancers have gradually increased. Herein, we describe the case of a 68-year-old female patient with quadruple primary cancer of the breast, rectum, ovary, and endometrium. For its great rarity, we report this case with a review of the literature.

Frequency of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs) in Korean Patients with Chronic HCV Infection

Sung, Pil Soo,Choi, Hee Baeg,Kim, Su-Yeon,Hong, Sung Woo,Park, Chung-Hwa,Song, Myeong Jun,Lee, Sung Won,Yoo, Chan Ran,Choi, Sang Wook,Han, Nam Ik,Kim, Tai-Gyu,Yoon, Seung Kew The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.11

<P>Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immunity, especially in the response to viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the primary receptors of NK cells that mediate innate immunity. KIRs are also involved in acquired immunity, because some KIRs are expressed on the surface of certain subsets of T cells. In this study, the frequency of KIR genes, <I>HLA-C</I> allotypes, and combinations of KIR genes with their <I>HLA-C</I> ligands were evaluated in two different groups of the Korean population: controls and patients with chronic HCV infection. The study population consisted of 147 Korean patients with chronic HCV infection. The frequency of KIR2DS2 in patients with chronic HCV infection was 9.5% which was significantly lower than 19.5% of the control (<I>P</I> < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of other KIR genes, <I>HLA-C</I> allotypes or different combinations of KIR genes with their <I>HLA-C</I> ligands. This study can contribute to the further prospective study with a larger scale, suggesting the assumption that <I>KIR2DS2</I> might aid in HCV clearance by enhancing both the innate and acquired immune responses of people in Korea.</P>

Activation of microglia and increases in inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats

Sung Min Nam(남성민),Dae Youg Yoo,Woosuk Kim,Sun Shin Yi,In Koo Hwang,Je Kyung Seong,Yeo sung Yoon 한국실험동물학회 2011 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.2

Original Articles : Genomic Organization, Tissue Distribution and Developmental Expression of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Isoforms in Mud Loach Misgurnus mizolepis

( Sang Yoon Lee ),( Dong Soo Kim ),( Yoon Kwon Nam ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2013 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.16 No.4

The genomic organization, tissue distribution, and developmental expression of two paralogous GAPDH isoforms were characterized in the mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis (Cypriniformes). The mud loach gapdh isoform genes (mlgapdh-1 and mlgapdh-2)had different exon-intron organizations: 12 exons in mlgapdh-1 (spanning to 4.88 kb) and 11 in mlgapdh-2 (11.78 kb), including a non-translated exon 1 in each isoform. Southern blot hybridization suggested that the mud loach might possess the two copies of mlgapdh-1 and a single copy of mlgapdh-2. The mlgapdh-1 transcript levels are high in tissues requiring high energy flow, such as skeletal muscle and heart, whereas mlgapdh-2 is expressed abundantly in the brain. Both isoforms are differentially regulated during embryonic and larval development, during which their expression is upregulated with the progress of development. Lipopolysaccharide challenge preferentially induced mlgapdh-2 transcripts in the liver. Therefore, the two isoforms have diversifiedfunctionally; mlgapdh-1 is associated more closely with energy metabolism, while mlgapdh-2 is related more to stress/immune responses, in the mud loach.

Hypothyroid states mitigate the diabetes-induced reduction of calbindin D-28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in type 2 diabetic rats.

Nam, Sung Min,Kim, Yo Na,Yoo, Dae Young,Yi, Sun Shin,Kim, Woosuk,Hwang, In Koo,Seong, Je Kyung,Yoon, Yeo Sung Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Neurochem Res Vol.37 No.2

<P>In this study, we investigated the differences in calbindin D-28k (CB), calretinin, (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats. In addition, we observed the effects of hypothyroidism on the levels of immunoreactivity of these proteins in ZDF rats. For this study, 7-week-old ZDF rats were used, and methimazole treatment was continued for 5 weeks to induce hypothyroidism. The animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. ZDF rats showed increased blood glucose levels compared to those in ZLC rats. Methimazole intervention significantly reduced total and free T3 levels, and it ameliorated the increase of blood glucose levels in ZDF rats. In ZLC rats, CB, CR, and PV immunoreactivity was detected in regions of the hippocampus proper. In vehicle-treated ZDF rats, CB, CR, and PV immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the hippocampus. However, in the methimazole-treated rats, CB, CR, and PV immunoreactivity was significantly increased compared to that in the vehicle-treated rats. These results suggest that hypothyroidism ameliorated the diabetes-induced reduction of CB, CR, and PV immunoreactivity in the hippocampus.</P>

HCC : Role of AFP and PIVKA-II as Markers for Monitoring Response and Recurrence after Resection for HCC

( Sung Won Lee ),( Hee Chul Nam ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Seung Kew Yoon ),( Jong Young Choi ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Liver resection is the treatment of choice for most cases of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the recurrence rates of HCC remains high even after curative hepatectomy. The unresolved clinical issue is how to monitor HCC after curative surgical resection. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the association between changes in AFP and PIVKA-II with the recurrence of HCC after curative hepatectomy. Methods: A total of seventy nine HCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy at Seoul St. Mary`s hospital between September, 2010 and August, 2012 were analyzed. The recurrence rates and postoperative survival rates were compared according to the tumor characteristics and preoperative and postoperative tumor marker values. Results: During the median follow-up periods of 24.2 months (2.3-47.5 months), HCC recurrence developed in 32 of 79 patients (40.5%). The median time to the development of recur- rence was 6.0 months. In the HCC recurrence group, the median AFP were 105, 7.45, 6.1, 16 and 5.25 ng/ml at pre-op, 1 month, 3months, 6months and 12months after hepatectomy, respectively, compared with the non-recurrence group of 6.1, 4.4, 3.25, 2.9 and 3 ng/mL. The median PIVKA-II were 168, 19.5, 21, 27.5 and 27 mAU/mL in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group of 26, 19, 16.5, 17, 15.5, respectively. In multivariate analysis for the predictive markers of HCC recurrence, tumor size > 4cm, preoperative AFP > 20 ng/mL, 1 month postoperative AFP > 20 ng/ml, and 1 month postoperative PIVKA-II > 40 mAU/ml were identified as significant factors (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.001, and P<0.05 respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that AFP or PIVKA-II values that exceed their normal range when measured at one month after hepatectomy may be predictive of HCC recurrence. The patients with these risk factors should be cautiously followed up at short-term intervals after curative hepatectomy.

CEO Succession from Family CEO to Professional CEO - Agency Problem and The Role of Family Member in BOD -

( Nam Yoon Sung ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2021 인적자원관리연구 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 최고경영자 승계(CEO succession) 분야에서, 가족경영자(family CEO)로부터 전문경영자(professional CEO)로의 승계과정에 초점을 맞춘다. 가족경영자에서 전문경영자로의 최고경영자 승계(F-P succession)는 대리인문제를 야기할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 F-P 승계는 일반적으로 일어나는 최고경영자 승계의 유형이므로, 예상되는 대리인문제에 대한 처방으로 가장 먼저 생각할 수 있는 방안은 대리인이론에 제시하는 사외이사제도와 같은 내부통제메커니즘이다. 같은 맥락에서 한국기업에는 1997년 외환위기 이후 사외이사제도가 법제화 되었다. 그러나 한국의 상황은 대리인이론이 가정하는 것과 차이점을 보이고 있다. 대리인이론의 출발점인 소유와 경영의 분리와는 달리, 한국기업은 기업을 소유하고 있는 지배주주일가의 가족구성원이 최고경영자로서 해당 기업의 경영도 맡고 있는 형태인 가족경영자인 경우가 일반적으로 관찰된다. 이와 같은 상황에서 F-P 승계로 인한 대리인문제에 대하여, 전제에서 차이를 보이는 대리인이론에 입각한 사외이사제도가 과연 내부통제메커니즘으로서 원활하게 작동할 것인가에 대해서 고찰할 필요가 있다. 기존 연구에 따르면, 한국 기업에서 이사회에 포함된 지배주주일가의 가족임원은 최고경영자에 대한 감시 및 견제의 기능을 하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 대리인문제가 발생할 수 있는 F-P 승계에 있어서, 대리인이론에 입각한 사외이사제도가 감시기능(monitoring function)을 수행하지 못할 것이고, 오히려 이사회의 가족임원(family member in BOD)이 내부통제메커니즘으로서 작동할 것으로 기대한다. 실증결과, 사외이사제도에서 규정한 사외이사의 수를 초과하여 선임한 사외이사의 수는 F-P 승계에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는데 반해, 이사회 내에 가족임원의 여부는 F-P 승계에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. In this study, we explore the process of CEO succession from family CEO to professional CEO (F-P). From the agency theory perspective, CEO succession from family CEO to professional CEO can occur agency problem. this problem, agency theory suggests internal control mechanisms such as outside director system which has been adopted in Korea after financial crisis in 1997. However, Korean situation is somewhat different from the situation which is assumed in agency theory, separation of ownership and control. Family CEOs are prevalent in Korea, in which th separation is hardly expected. Under this different situation from agency theory, it is hard to expect that the internal control mechanism, i.e. outside director system based on agency theory works as a monitoring mechanism as is expected in agency theory. Thus, it is necessary to examine if the outside director system stemmed from agency theory can work as an internal control mechanism for possible agency problem occurred by F-P succession. According to previous research, family members in board of directors rather play this monitoring role in Korean firms. Thus, we suggest that, in F-P CEO succession, the monitoring mechanism is not working by outside director system but by family members in BOD. The results show that CEO successions of (F-P) are more likely to take place when family members exist on the board as a control mechanism. Since Korea does not have a total separation of ownership and control, this phenomenon of CEO succession process from (F-P) will more likely happen.

Operation Characteristics of Refining System for Syngas Engine Generation in Updraft Type Fixed-bed Rice Husk Gasification System

Sang Yeon Hwang,Young Sik Yoon,Na Rang Kim,Soo Nam Park,Ho Jin Sung,Jae Hoi Gu,Young Cheol Park,Young Kyo Sue 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Sorafenib Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The First-Line versus Second-Line Treatment Following Transarterial Chemoembolization

( Sung Won Chung ),( Young Youn Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Young Chang ),( Joon Yeul Nam ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung-hwan Yoon ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: A number of Asian-Pacific centers perform transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the first treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although sorafenib is the standard first-line treatment. In this study, we aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) according to initial treatment (TACE vs sorafenib) among patients experiencing sorafenib treatment in advanced HCC. Methods: We included 200 consecutive patients treated with sorafenib for >4 weeks with or without TACE for advanced HCC at a single tertiary hospital in Korea. The primary endpoint was OS and secondary endpoints included time to progression (TTP) and objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). The risk was compared between groups using a Cox proportional hazards model and inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis. Results: Eighty-seven patients were initially treated with sorafenib (the sorafenib-first group: 54 treated with sorafenib only and 33 treated with sorafenib followed by TACE) and 113 patients were treated with TACE followed by sorafenib therapy (the TACE-first group). Twenty-eight patients (14%) were Child-Turcotte-Pugh class B and there was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between two groups except sorafenib-first group had more ascites (17.2% vs 7.1%, P=0.04) and prolonged prothrombin time (1.2±0.1 vs 1.1±0.1, P=0.02). The TACE-first group showed significantly longer OS than the sorafenib-first group (hazard ratio [HR]=0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45-0.85, log-rank P=0.004). Median OS was 11.6 months in the TACE-first group and 6.9 months in the sorafenib-first group. The TACE-first group had significantly longer OS in multivariable analysis (adjusted HR=0.58; 95% CI=0.41-0.80, P=0.001 and IPW analysis (HR=0.63, 95% CI=0.44-0.91, P=0.01). There was no significant difference in TTP between two groups (HR=0.89, 95% CI=0.62-1.28, P=0.53). ORR was 6.9% in the sorafenib-first group and 10.6% in the TACE-first group (P=0.27 by chi-square test). DCR was 56.3% in the sorafenib-first group and 73.5% in the TACE-first group (P=0.01 by chi-square test). Conclusions: For patients with advanced HCC, second-line sorafenib treatment following TACE has significantly longer OS than first-line sorafenib treatment. An initial aggressive intrahepatic tumor control with loco-regional therapies followed by sorafenib treatment may be a potent strategy for advanced HCC.

Trap identification of the constitutive promoter-Like sequences from the bacterial fish pathogen, as exemplified by Edwardsiella tarda

( Sang Yoon Lee ),( Ki Hong Kim ),( Dong Soo Kim ),( Yoon Kwon Nam ) 한국어병학회 2011 한국어병학회지 Vol.24 No.3

A trap identification system for isolating functional sequences to allow the constitutive expression of foreign protein from Edwardsiella tarda was developed. Using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter-based trap system, various functional sequences to drive heterologous expression of the GFP were selectable in Escherichia coli host. However from the bioinformatic sequence analysis, all the segments predicted as regulatory regions were not native promoters actually existing upstream of endogenous E. tarda genes. Instead, a number of non-authentic sequences, possibly resulted from the random shuffling and/or intermolecular ligation were also proven to be able to display a potent GFP expression in the recombinant E. coli. Further analysis with selected clones showed that both authentic and non-authentic sequences could function in as a constitutive promoter, leading quite a consistent and stable GFP expression after repetitive subcultures. Microscopic examination also confirmed the uniform pattern of GFP expression in every host bacterium. Semi-quantitative assay of GFP showed that there was no clear relationship between expression levels and organizational features of the promoters trapped. Functional promoter-like elements achieved in the present study could be a good starting material for multivalent genetic engineering of E. tarda in order to produce recombinant vaccines in a cost-effective fashion.